What about people in pedestrian navigation?

Pedestrian navigation has become an important theoretical and practical research topic in many disciplines such as cartography, geographical information science, global and indoor positioning, spatial behavior, psychology, sociology, and neuroscience. Many research studies view pedestrian navigation using process-oriented and goal-directed approaches. However, this paper revisits people’s needs in pedestrian navigation and classifies their needs as three layers: physical sense layer, physiological safety layer, and mental satisfaction layer according to Maslow’s theory. This paper introduces a people-centric framework for pedestrian navigation theory based on these three layers and discusses theoretical challenges for meeting each layer of people’s needs. These challenging theories may represent promising and valuable research and promote usage of pedestrian navigation systems or devices in the future.     

无旋转倾角的NAV/CNAV型GEO广播星历拟合

目前北斗GEO的星历拟合算法和用户卫星位置算法均引进了人为设置的5°倾角旋转,此外,少数星历参数还有超限现象。取消GEO的旋转倾角和抑制参数超限能够统一北斗混合星座的用户算法。基于第一类无奇点根数,分析了无旋转倾角的GEO两步法星历参数拟合算法。讨论了GEO的参数超限原因,提出采用固定1至2个超限参数取值的缩减参数拟合法。北斗GEO卫星在非地影期和地影期的拟合试验表明,拟合成功率和拟合精度能够保证,拟合用户距离误差(URE)的平均值优于3mm;缩减参数拟合法能够抑制特定时段下的参数超限问题,但是拟合URE放大到2cm。     

多因子影响的地图居民地自动聚群与综合研究

提出了地图综合目的的居民地聚群需要遵循Gestalt的邻近性、相似性和方向性原则,描述居民地结构、形态及其关系需要6个因子,即居民地间的距离、可视区域面积、大小相似度、形状相似度、方向关系、居民地内部方向;进而运用这些原则和因子,给出了居民地的自动聚群和综合方法。     

用数值方法模拟观测误差对水质浓度反演模型参数的影响 ——以叶绿素a浓度为例

在2003年10月27日和28日观测的太湖水质光谱试验数据的支持下,利用数值模拟方法研究了试验数据误差与水质浓度反演模型经验常数之间的关系。研究结果表明,当试验数据误差分别服从正态分布与均匀分布时,反演模型的经验常数随着试验数据误差的增加而呈发散状态。根据试验数据误差与反演精度的关系可知,26.58%的试验误差对应着30%的反演精度,这就意味着在不考虑遥感影像处理所产生误差的前提下,严格控制试验数据误差在26.58%以内,是反演精度打破±30%的技术瓶颈的关键要素之一。     

基于改进SQPM算法的三维直角坐标转换

给出了七参数三维直角坐标转换的严密表达式,将改进SQPM算法用于大旋转角的三维直角坐标转换。实验表明该方法能在大范围内实现收敛且结果稳定、精度较高,适合于大旋转角的三维直角坐标转换。     

跨图幅要素物理无缝拼接关键技术研究及软件实现

以计算机技术代替手工劳动实现跨图幅要素物理无缝拼接的自动化为目标。通过分析图幅与要素之间的关系,将图幅编号与要素的相关属性结合,在此基础上,实现跨图幅要素的自动搜索,最终做到将跨图幅的要素自动拼接在一起。开发的软件,实现了跨图幅要素拼接的自动化目标,并用于生产。实践表明,该技术的研究和软件的实现能够成倍地提高生产效率、确保数据质量,具有实用价值。     

方差-协方差分量估计公式等价性的进一步证明

通过附有条件的间接平差模型进一步证明各类方差-协方差分量估计公式之间的等价性。     

基于计算机视觉的相机标定方法

随着航空摄影测量及倾斜摄影技术的不断推广,其相机传感器受内在及外在因素的影响,使得相机畸变参数的准确性并不是稳定如一,因而极大限制了数据处理的效率.针对这一问题,本文以解决相机畸变参数的准确性作为出发点,从相机成像原理出发,分析相机成像中的误差,介绍相机标定的方法,对相机标定进行实验分析,以达到准确标定相机参数的目的,...     

信息时代地图技术美的研究与实践

通过分析现代地图表现形式及存在的问题，探讨了信息时代地图制图技术美的含义和地图技术美的表现形式。并在技术美创新理念指导下，对利用计算机技术和图形图像处理技术来改进地图符号设计，提高地图表现力进行了一些理论探讨和技术尝试．同时也得到了一些有益的启示。     

Detecting patterns of climate change in long-term forecasts of marine environmental parameters

ABSTRACT

Forecasting environmental parameters in the distant future requires complex modelling and large computational resources. Due to the sensitivity and complexity of forecast models, long-term parameter forecasts (e.g. up to 2100) are uncommon and only produced by a few organisations, in heterogeneous formats and based on different assumptions of greenhouse gases emissions. However, data mining techniques can be used to coerce the data to a uniform time and spatial representation, which facilitates their use in many applications. In this paper, streams of big data coming from AquaMaps and NASA collections of 126 long-term forecasts of nine types of environmental parameters are processed through a cloud computing platform in order to (i) standardise and harmonise the data representations, (ii) produce intermediate scenarios and new informative parameters, and (iii) align all sets on a common time and spatial resolution. Time series cross-correlation applied to these aligned datasets reveals patterns of climate change and similarities between parameter trends in 10 marine areas. Our results highlight that (i) the Mediterranean Sea may have a standalone ‘response’ to climate change with respect to other areas, (ii) the Poles are most representative of global forecasted change, and (iii) the trends are generally alarming for most oceans.