Can flat-ramp-flat fault geometry be inferred from fold shape?: A comparison of kinematic and mechanical folds

The inference of fault geometry from suprajacent fold shape relies on consistent and verified forward models of fault-cored folds, e.g. suites of models with differing fault boundary conditions demonstrate the range of possible folding. Results of kinematic (fault-parallel flow) and mechanical (boundary element method) models are compared to ascertain differences in the way the two methods simulate flexure associated with slip along flat-ramp-flat geometry. These differences are assessed by systematically altering fault parameters in each model and observing subsequent changes in the suprajacent fold shapes. Differences between the kinematic and mechanical fault-fold relationships highlight the differences between the methods. Additionally, a laboratory fold is simulated to determine which method might best predict fault parameters from fold shape. Although kinematic folds do not fully capture the three-dimensional nature of geologic folds, mechanical models have non-unique fold-fault relationships. Predicting fault geometry from fold shape is best accomplished by a combination of the two methods.     

天山北坡牧草生长季节土壤水分变化特征探讨

通过对牧业气象试验站多年土壤水分观测资料的整理分析，认为夏季土壤水分比较丰富，其随深度分布呈降水型；春季土壤水分含量最少，秋季次之，其随深度分布呈蒸发、降水型。旬土壤水分含量在牧草生长期呈两峰三谷型。     

2001年7月27日临汾区域性暴雨天气过程分析

本文应用数值预报产品，常规天气图，卫星云图及大气探测等资料，对2001年7月27日临汾区域性暴雨天气过程产生的环流形势，水汽和热力条件及动力机制进行了分析和研究，进一步揭示临汾市暴雨发生的环境流场和物理量场的特征。     

一个全球变网格多层原始方程差分模式的设计

文章设计了一个以均匀网格差分模式为基础的全球变网格多层原始方程差分模式。还证明了如果前者满足了一定条件，从而具有质量与能量守恒性质以及与连续情况一致的动能、位能和表面位能之间的转换关系，则变网格模式也同样具有。而且，把前者改变为后者增加的运算量很小，也非常方便。     

分形几何用于岩石损伤扩展过程的研究

通过对岩石损伤扩展机理的研究，运用分形几何理论，建立了岩石损伤变量ω与分形维数之间关系。     

Curvature analysis of triangulated surfaces in structural geology

This paper addresses the problem of characterizing the shape of a geological surface on the basis of its principal curvatures. The surface is assumed to be modeled as a set of adjacent triangles defined by the location of their vertices and a method is proposed for estimating numerically the principal curvatures at the vertices of the triangles using a local C² interpolant. Also shown is how principal curvatures can be useful for studying the deformation of a geological surface (with application to 3D balanced unfolding), and analyzing the folding or faulting of the interface between two adjacent layers.     

Pall型摩擦阻尼支撑内力计算方法

从Pall摩擦阻尼器四连杆机构的几何非线性变形特征出发，分析框架位移、支撑刚度、阻尼器摩擦力、阻尼器大小、支撑倾角、支撑屈曲力等对一种改进的Pall摩擦阻尼器-T形芯板摩擦阻尼器支撑的受力特点，拟合出可供设计人员使用的实用计算公式。     

地球化学场精细结构解析方案与应用

为满足勘查地球化学对化探数据处理越来越精细的要求，把人工神经网络和统计分析结合起来形成地球化学场精细结构解析方案。该方案包括对地球化学样品的分类和对各类样品性质的详细研究，目的在于提供便捷的数学和计算机软件工具，以提取化探数据中的深层信息。可以用于：①研究各组样品中元素含量水平和组合特征以解释可能的矿种；②研究元素组合特征与指示元素的关联和区别以揭示可能的成矿作用过程；③研究异常样品的空间组合属性以揭示地球化学场的精细结构；④研究异常样品之间的差异性以缩小找矿靶区；⑤综合分析以确定剥蚀深度和找矿前景。该方案也适用于环境地球化学及矿产资源预测研究。     

Comparison of hydraulic geometry between sand‐ and gravel‐bed rivers in relation to channel pattern discrimination

A comparison has been made between the hydraulic geometry of sand‐ and gravel‐bed rivers, based on data from alluvial rivers around the world. The results indicate a signi?cant difference in hydraulic geometry among sand‐ and gravel‐bed rivers with different channel patterns. On this basis, some diagrams for discrimination of meandering and braided channel patterns have been established. The relationships between channel width and water discharge, between channel depth and water discharge, between width–depth ratio and water discharge and between channel slope and water discharge can all be used for channel pattern discrimination. The relationship between channel width and channel depth can also be used for channel pattern discrimination. However, the accuracy of these relationships for channel pattern discrimination varies, and the depth–discharge relationship is a better discriminator of pattern type than the classic slope–discharge function. The cause for this difference has been explained qualitatively. To predict the development of channel patterns under different natural conditions, the pattern discriminator should be searched on the basis of independent or at least semi‐independent variables. The relationship between stream power and bed material grain size can be used to discriminate channel patterns, which shows a better result than the discriminator using the slope–discharge relationship. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

化学腐蚀下砂岩三轴细观损伤机理及损伤变量分析

利用CT识别技术对化学腐蚀下的砂岩进行了三轴加载全过程的即时扫描试验，得到了在不同级荷载作用下砂岩的压密、微裂纹萌生、扩展和破裂的CT图像和CT数，分析了砂岩损伤演化的细观机理。同时，建立了一个基于化学腐蚀影响和CT数的损伤变量模型。