Aftershock collapse vulnerability assessment of reinforced concrete frame structures

In a seismically active region, structures may be subjected to multiple earthquakes, due to mainshock–aftershock phenomena or other sequences, leaving no time for repair or retrofit between the events. This study quantifies the aftershock vulnerability of four modern ductile reinforced concrete (RC) framed buildings in California by conducting incremental dynamic analysis of nonlinear MDOF analytical models. Based on the nonlinear dynamic analysis results, collapse and damage fragility curves are generated for intact and damaged buildings. If the building is not severely damaged in the mainshock, its collapse capacity is unaffected in the aftershock. However, if the building is extensively damaged in the mainshock, there is a significant reduction in its collapse capacity in the aftershock. For example, if an RC frame experiences 4% or more interstory drift in the mainshock, the median capacity to resist aftershock shaking is reduced by about 40%. The study also evaluates the effectiveness of different measures of physical damage observed in the mainshock‐damaged buildings for predicting the reduction in collapse capacity of the damaged building in subsequent aftershocks. These physical damage indicators for the building are chosen such that they quantify the qualitative red tagging (unsafe for occupation) criteria employed in post‐earthquake evaluation of RC frames. The results indicated that damage indicators related to the drift experienced by the damaged building best predicted the reduced aftershock collapse capacities for these ductile structures. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于不变矩理论的雷达回波图中超级单体识别

根据超级单体在反射率因子图中的强度信息、水平尺度、典型的钩状回波等特征,利用图像处理技术对多普勒天气雷达回波图中超级单体进行识别,从而更好地为天气预报服务.首先通过图像分割获取灰度图中超级单体的结构,然后结合轮廓跟踪法和贴标签的方法对目标进行区域分割,获取目标存在区域,最后基于不变矩具有对位移、尺度和旋转变换的不变性对目标进行识别.仿真结果表明该方案可行且具有良好的识别性能.     

三轴刚性地球自由旋转欧拉角变化数值模拟研究

假定地球是一个三轴刚性体,在Euclid空间中做自由旋转.在设定主惯性矩A小于B小于C的情况下,求解欧拉运动方程,得到数值解.计算结果表明:地球在除了自转和自由进动之外,同时还存在着自由章动.章动角会随着时间做周期性变化.重点讨论的是章动角的变化.     

GRACE’s implication of temporal inertia moment and length of day

This paper aims to study the Earth’s temporal inertia moment and its influence on length of day (LOD). First, the GRACE data are processed by wavelet analysis to remove abnormal jumps and noises. Then the theoretical impacts of the second-order potential coefficients on the inertia moment and LOD are studied. Finally, the processed GRACE data are applied and results show that mass redistribution has led to decreasing tendencies of inertia moment and LOD as well as some unexpected seasonal oscillations in the recent 6 years. Supported by the Open Fund of Key Laboratory of Geospace Environment and Geodesy, Ministry of Education, China (No.08-02-02), the Special Project Fund of State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing (China), the National 863 Program of China (No.2006AA12Z211).     

直线特征标志子像素级定位方法的研究

在近景摄影测量中,常常需要对直线特征的标志进行定位,而标志定位的精度会影响到整个测量的精度。提出一种新的混合方法,即采用Hough变换对直线特征标志进行直线检测,得到直线初值;然后采用灰度矩边缘直线拟合定位法,对标志点中心进行子像素定位。在三维重建实验中采用所提出的灰度矩边缘直线拟合定位法和高精度直线定位法进行精度比较,实验证明经过Hough变换得到粗值的灰度矩边缘直线拟合定位法达到较高的定位精度,且计算更简单。     

Assessment of cyclic response to suction caisson in clay using a three-dimensional displacement approach

An investigation was made to present analytical solutions of cyclic response to suction caisson subjected to inclined cyclic loadings in clay using a three-dimensional displacement approach. A model representing the relationship between vertical load and vertical displacement and that between lateral load and lateral displacement along the skirt of suction caisson subjected to cyclic loadings is proposed for overconsolidated clay. For the effect of vertical load on cyclic load capacity of suction caisson, using the Mindlin solution in the case of a vertical point load, the vertical stress of soil under the base of suction caisson is presented. For the stress state of soil beneath the base of suction caisson subjected to cyclic loading, the Mohr–Coulomb failure line and critical state line are presented and the relationship between total stress, effective mean principal stress, stress difference, and pore-pressure is elucidated. The comparison of results predicted by the present method for a suction caisson subjected to cyclic loadings in clay has shown good agreement with those obtained from field tests. Cyclic behavior of clay up to failure is made clear from the relationship between cyclic tensile load, vertical and lateral displacements, and rotation and that between depth, vertical, and lateral pressures.     

MRELBP特征、Franklin矩和SVM相结合的遥感图像建筑物识别方法

为了进一步提高遥感图像建筑物区域的识别精度,提出了一种基于中值稳健扩展局部二值模式(median robust extended local binary pattern,MRELBP)、Franklin矩和布谷鸟优化支持向量机(support vector machine,SVM)的分类方法。首先,通过MRELBP特征算子计算图像块的纹理特征向量,并根据Franklin矩得到形状特征向量,组合图像块的纹理特征向量和形状特征向量得到综合特征向量;然后,利用训练样本对SVM进行训练,同时由布谷鸟搜索算法对SVM的核函数参数和惩罚因子进行优化;最后,通过训练好的SVM得到建筑物区域识别结果。通过30组试验的结果表明,与基于三原色(red green blue,RGB)和SVM的分类方法、基于LBP和SVM的分类方法、基于Zernike矩和SVM的分类方法相比,本文提出的方法所识别的遥感图像建筑物区域准确度更高。     

天山地震带主要活动断层现今的滑动速率及其地震矩亏损

文中收集了1999—2015年天山地震带及其周边地区的GNSS数据,计算得到了速度场结果,并利用弹性块体模型计算了研究区域内各块体的闭锁深度和主要断层的滑动速率.研究结果表明:南天山断裂带西段的迈丹断裂的缩短速率处于高值状态,达(-6.3±1.9)mm/a,高于南天山东段;北天山断裂带西段的缩短速率同样高于东段.利用主...     

基于多重信息融合的高分辨率遥感影像道路信息提取

在高分辨率遥感影像上进行道路提取一直被认为是一项具有重要意义但很困难的工作。尤其一些与道路光谱相近的地物,分类后与道路相互连接,难以区分。基于面状道路和边缘相互验证和辅助的思想,提出一种高分辨率遥感影像上提纯道路信息的方法。该方法首先在面状和边缘两个方面同时提高提取精度,然后由他们之间的逻辑互运算分割道路与非道路对象,并应用有效的形状指数（如：极惯性矩和狭长度指数）刻画和区分道路与非道路面状目标（如楼房等）,最终达到提纯道路的目的。实验结果表明了本文方法在去除非道路目标,提纯道路网络方面的有效性。     

地球物质的人为转移与地球物理环境

通过分析航天活动向外层空间迁移物质形成的地球转动惯量改变,重叠1998年以来,从高纬度向赤道方向上,巨大物质发生再分布构成的地球转动惯量改变,和它们致使地球自转速率的变慢,重合地球自转运动的规律性变慢,以叠加的效果影响地球物理环境;以及与地壳差速旋转的巨大地核,及覆盖地表的水,包裹地球的大气层,在地壳转速变化时,完成其相互问角动量交换存在的时间滞后性,将会在一些瞬时段突出物质转移对地球物理环境的作用影响.讨论航天发射从地球迁移到外层空间的物质,正将形成一定规模的物质群而改变地球系统的空间结构,且现时,太空武器化竞争已剑拔弩张,其一旦加剧了航天活动构成外层空间新物质体系圈层的发展,其过程对地球物理环境的影响,合并地球自身多重因素的作用,可能会增大突破维持稳定自然环境的某些临界条件的几率和增大突发事件发生频率.