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561.
Introduction In recent years the study of the digital seismology has made great progress due to the wide use of the broadband digital records. And many fine results of the focal theory have obtained. The focal theory mainly studies the physical process of the seismic fracture and production of the seismic wave, as well as its traveling process. One of the great progresses is to simulate the fracture process in the active fault. Especially a new concept of the fracture mechanics has been intro… 相似文献
562.
Lupei Zhu Ying Tan Donald V. Helmberger Chandan K. Saikia 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2006,163(7):1193-1213
We use the recordings from 51 earthquakes produced by a PASSCAL deployment in Tibet to develop a two-layer crustal model for
the region. Starting with their ISC locations, we iteratively fit the P-arrival times to relocate the earthquakes and estimate mantle and crustal seismic parameters. An average crustal P velocity of 6.2–6.3 km/s is obtained for a crustal thickness of 65 km while the P velocity of the uppermost mantle is 8.1 km/s. The upper layer of the model is further fine-tuned by obtaining the best synthetic
SH waveform match to an observed waveform for a well-located event. Green's functions from this model are then used to estimate
the source parameters for those events using a grid search procedure. Average event relocation relative to the ISC locations,
excluding two poorly located earthquakes, is 16 km. All but one earthquake are determined by the waveform inversion to be
at depths between 5 and 15 km. This is 15 km shallower, on average, than depths reported by the ISC. The shallow seismicity
cut-off depth and low crustal velocities suggest high temperatures in the lower crust. Thrust faulting source mechanisms dominate
at the margins of the plateau. Within the plateau, at locations with surface elevations less than 5 km, source mechanisms
are a mixture of strike-slip and thrust. Most events occurring in the high plateau where elevations are above 5 km show normal
faulting. This indicates that a large portion of the plateau is under EW extension. 相似文献
563.
564.
本文从地震观测数据的利用角度出发,讨论世界范围内远震震级的测定问题。笔者认为,现震级标度存在的弊病是:震级饱和,测值偏差大,过分依赖频率的变动以及需要各种校正等。体波震级的问题大于面波;周期较短的震相问题大于周期较长的震相问题。矩震级标度将逐渐取代依据变幻不定的各种地震波的观用的各种标度。对于远震,长周期地震仪记录的面波震级Ms将得以发展,成为矩震级的一种辅助标度。本文最后提出了矩震级标度实行后,历史地震震级和区域地震震级如何与之衔接的初步设想。 相似文献
565.
566.
Geodetic deformation vs. seismic strain deduced by historical earthquakes across the Alborz Mountains 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Mohammad Reza Zolfaghari 《Journal of Seismology》2009,13(4):647-663
Historical seismicity is used in order to map spatial distribution of seismic moment released by past earthquakes and to compare
strain rate deduced from seismicity to those measured by geodetic GPS survey. Spatial analyses are performed on the seismicity
of northern boundary of Central Iranian Block which coincides with the Alborz Mountains. This belt has been responsible for
several catastrophic earthquakes in the past. In this study, the records of historical and instrumental earthquakes in the
Alborz Mountains are used to calculate and plot geographical distribution of seismic moment released in time. A two-dimensional
distribution function is proposed and used here to spread seismic moment along causative tectonic features. Using accumulated
seismic moment, average slip rates across active faults are estimated for 32 sub-zones along the Alborz Mountains and western
Kopet Dag. Seismic moment released by historical and recent earthquakes on this belt accounts for slip rate of 3–5 mm/year
which is in good agreement with the geodetic vectors recently deduced from GPS survey in this region. The study also reveals
geographical variations of slip rates along some 900 km length of this zone based on seismic history. The results are compared
against finding from similar study in this region. Portions of Central and Eastern Alborz show lower seismic strain rate which
could imply aseismic motion or overdue earthquakes. Completeness of historical earthquake catalogue and its reliability with
regard to earthquake magnitudes, locations, and rupturing systems are among many plausible factors controlling the credibility
of such results. Therefore, any conclusions derived from these results remain as reliable as the data and assumptions used
for the analyses. 相似文献
567.
Introduction The unexpected December 26, 2004, off the west coast of northern Sumatra, Indonesia, MW=9.0 earthquake, which caused devastating tsunami around the Indian Ocean, reminds seis-mologists of the difficulty of earthquake forecast and/or prediction. For seismologists this earth-quake is almost completely unexpected, because there was neither forecasting (which means the estimation of the future earthquake rate as a function of location, time, and magnitude) nor predic-tion (forecasti… 相似文献
568.
569.
文中采用实验方法对瞬变电磁法多匝重叠小回线装置发射磁矩、关断时间、感应信号强度随发射线圈匝数及接收线圈匝数的变化分别进行了研究。对固定发射线圈匝数改变接收线圈匝数与固定接收线圈匝数改变发射线圈匝数这2种实验方式进行了对比,从而找出了更适合地质响应的发射与接收线圈的匝数。同时还分别采用线圈边长为0.5m×0.5m与1m×1m的线框进行了对比实验,通过分析发射磁矩、关断时间、感应信号强度随线圈边长、线圈匝数的变化,找到合理的重叠小回线装置。实验结果表明发射磁矩随线圈的边长与发射线圈匝数的增加而增加;关断时间随发射线圈匝数近乎呈正比增加,与接收线圈无关;感应信号强度与线圈匝数呈正比关系,但是相比之下,接收线圈匝数更占主导地位。 相似文献
570.
The performance‐based seismic design of steel special moment‐resisting frame (SMRF) structures is formulated as a multiobjective optimization problem, in which conflicting design criteria that respectively reflect the present capital investment and the future seismic risk are treated simultaneously as separate objectives other than stringent constraints. Specifically, the initial construction expenses are accounted for by the steel material weight as well as by the number of different standard steel section types, the latter roughly quantifying the degree of design complexity related additional construction cost; the seismic risk is considered in terms of maximum interstory drift demands at two hazard levels with exceedance probabilities being 50% and 2% in 50 years, respectively. The present formulation allows structural engineers to find an optimized design solution by explicitly striving for a desirable compromise between the initial investment and seismic performance. Member sizing for code‐compliant design of a planar five‐story four‐bay SMRF is presented as an application example using the proposed procedure that is automated by a multiobjective genetic algorithm. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献