复杂退台高位转换高层建筑振动台试验与分析

对一幢具有转换层的复杂退台式框架剪力墙高层建筑的1/35缩尺模型进行了模拟地震振动台试验,深入研究该结构的动力特性和地震反应特征.试验及理论分析表明:该结构的抗震性能基本满足现行规范要求;由于结构上部逐渐退台,因而结构顶部有较明显的鞭端效应;结构首层和结构转换层及其相邻层的剪力墙、转换层上下层柱是受力较大的区域,应当局...     

Dynamic responses of a sediment-filled valley with a fluid layer subject to incident waves

The diffraction of elastic waves by a sedimentary valley in a homogeneous elastic half-space is studied in this paper. The sediment-filled valley is composed of a fluid layer over a soft soil deposit whose characteristics may be significant and should be carefully considered when designing long span bridges with high piers. The method of analysis adopted in the paper is to decompose the problem into an interior region and an exterior region. In the exterior region, the scattered wave fields are constructed with the linear combinations of two independent sets of Lamb’s singular solutions, i.e., the integralsolutions for two concentrated surface loads in two directions; and their derivatives are used to represent the scattered wave fields. A technique is proposed to calculate the integrals in the wave-number domain based on the method of steepest descent. For the interior region, the wave fields for the fluid layer and soft soil deposit are expressed in terms of wave functions which satisfy the equation of motion. The continuity condition at the interface of the media is satisfied in the least square sense. The effects of geometric topography, soil amplification and fluid layer subject to different types of incident harmonic plane waves are analyzed and discussed..     

榆神矿区榆树湾井田及其邻区主采煤层赋存特征研究

利用榆神矿区榆树湾井田及其邻区钻孔资料,采用趋势分析法研究了2-2煤层厚度及其底板高程变化特征,探讨了煤层赋存特征及其成因。结果表明：2-2煤层由南东向北西赋存高程降低,同时煤层厚度变小;2-2煤层厚度的局部性变化受到盆地微古地貌特征或聚煤期基底沉降幅度的控制：煤层底板次级凹陷部位煤层增厚,次级隆起部位为煤层的次级减薄区,说明古地貌低洼处或盆地基底沉降幅度较大的地区对聚煤有利;榆树湾井田和邻区相比是煤层赋存最好的区域。     

Geochemisty and tectonic setting of igneous rocks in the Glenrock Station area,N.S.W.

In the Upper Murray Valley, Victoria, Late Silurian, high‐Si igneous rocks, which are closely associated with alkalic, basaltic dykes, were emplaced at high crustal levels following the peak of the Benambran Orogeny, which deformed and metamorphosed the Wagga Zone in Late Ordovician‐Early Silurian times. These rocks, which are informally termed ‘the Upper Murray high‐Si magmatic suite’, include leucogranites, rhyolite dykes and flows, and ash‐flow tuffs characterised by the following features. They are transitional from mildly peraluminous to mildly metaluminous; they represent relatively anhydrous magmas, in which halides were important volatile constituents; they have high Si, total alkalies, Rb, Th, U, Nb, Sn and heavy rare earth elements; and they are relatively repleted in Mg, Ca, Sr, Eu, V, Cr and Ni. In these respects and in their post‐orogenic setting and close association with alkalic basalts, they resemble many post‐orogenic granitoids from elsewhere. Such granitoids appear to have formed as partial melts during crustal extension following major episodes of deformation and high‐Si magmatism. A residual granulitic crust, from which an earlier generation of granitoid magmas had been extracted, is argued to be the source rock‐type for these post‐orogenic magmas. Tectonic extension, affecting such a crust, was accompanied by deep fracturing and basaltic vol‐canism. Mantle‐derived, CO₂‐ and halide‐rich fluids moved into the residual crust, causing widespread metasomatism, and emplacement of basaltic magma caused temperatures to rise until melting took place and a second group of magmas was produced. This model explains most aspects of the trace and major element chemistry of post‐orogenic, high‐Si igneous rocks and, for the Upper Murray high‐Si suite it also provides an explanation for variations in trace elements and isotopic characteristics. Other processes, such as crystal fractionation, magma mixing, thermogravi‐tational diffusion, and separation and loss of a volatile phase, provide explanations for variations within individual units of the suite, but they do not explain overall variations or the highly fractionated nature of the suite.     

我国南方夏季低频雨型的季节内水汽输送特征

利用1962～2006年NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,采用对历史个例进行合成分析的方法,研究了异常降水中心分别位于长江以南区域的江南型和长江-淮河流域的江淮型低频雨型的季节内水汽输送特征.研究表明,江南型的总水汽输送主要来源于孟加拉湾,并经中南半岛和南海输入江南区域;江淮型的总水汽输送主要直接来源于南海,但水汽源地主要为印度季风区.对于水汽输送异常,江南型和江淮型具有明显不同的特征.江南型的水汽输送异常主要来源于热带西太平洋-南海,中纬度西风带和中高纬度南下的水汽输送异常的贡献次之;而江淮型的水汽输送异常主要来源于热带和副热带西太平洋,中纬度西风带水汽输送异常的贡献次之.另外,水汽输送异常对江南型的区域总水汽收支的贡献约为50%,而对江淮型的区域总水汽收支的贡献高达70%左右.因此,虽然总水汽输送主要取决于气候平均水汽输送,但是,水汽输送异常与气候平均水汽输送对江南型和江淮型的水汽供应具有相同甚至更为重要的贡献.特别是对于江淮型,区域总水汽收支主要取决于水汽输送异常的贡献,而水汽输送异常的变化较平均水汽输送更为复杂,这有可能是江淮流域汛期降水预报较为困难的原因之一.     

流域演化与泥石流的系统性——以云南东川蒋家沟为例

以典型的云南东川蒋家沟为例,根据Strahler面积-高程曲线的积分将其分区,揭示了流域的演化差异.证明了泥石流发生在特定的演化区域,并具有特定的物质组成.通过概率模型,定性说明了泥石流在流域的形成和扩张,其结果就表现为间歇性的阵流.阵流的时空特征反过来证明了泥石流的系统性.统计还表明,阵流的流量分布和衰减取决于最大流量;最大流量序列很好继承了作为流域系统行为的动力学特征.最后,可以根据单沟泥石流的过程系统考察区域泥石流活动.泥石流在大尺度水系的分布,从概率过程看,完全等同于泥石流源地小分支在单个流域的分布,而且满足相似的分布特征.     

AN EVALUATION OF SURFACE HARDNESS OF NATURAL AND MODIFIED ROCKS USING SCHMIDT HAMMER: STUDY FROM NORTHWESTERN HIMALAYA, INDIA

Four rock types (quartz mica gneiss, schist, quartzite and calc-silicate) located in the Satluj and Alaknanda valleys were used to test whether a Schmidt hammer can be used to distinguish rock surfaces affected by various natural and man-induced processes like manual smoothing of rock surfaces by grindstone, surface weathering, deep weathering, fluvial polishing and blasting during road construction. Surfaces polished by fluvial process yielded the highest Schmidt hammer rebound (R-) values and the blast-affected surfaces yielded the lowest R-values for the same rock type. Variations in R-value also reflect the degree of weathering of the rock surfaces. It has been further observed that, for all the rock types, the strength of relationship between R-values for the treated surfaces (manual smoothing of rock surface by grindstone) and the unconfined compressive strength (UCS) is higher than for the fresh natural surfaces.     

拉萨河谷灌丛草原与农田水热平衡及植被水分利用特征

以青藏高原的拉萨河谷下游的灌丛草原和农田为研究对象,在中国科学院拉萨高原生态试验站的农田与附近的灌丛草原开展实验.利用SHAW模型模拟了2004年10月-2005年9月灌丛草原与农田水热平衡以及根系吸水过程.模拟结果经分析得出,(1)农田所接收的净辐射比灌丛草原要多,农田接收的能量大部分以潜热形式支出,全年的波文比为0.29;而灌丛草原的波文比为0.89.灌丛草原全年的潜热通量是农田的53%,具有一定的抑制蒸散发的功能.(2)农田耗水量是灌丛草原的1.8倍.农田由于大量的灌溉造成较大的渗漏损失,同时也增加了土壤蒸发这一无益损耗.(3)深层土壤水向上的补给与根系吸水两方面的模拟都表明,灌丛草原的植被比农田能更大程度地利用深层土壤水.     

拉西瓦工程河谷区高地应力场反演与形成机理

拉西瓦水电工程坝址区为高山峡谷地貌,受地质构造应力、自重、地表剥蚀和河流侵蚀卸荷等多因素影响而赋存有高地应力,河谷区钻孔岩芯饼化与探洞片状剥落现象明显。由于该区地应力场及其空间分布特征与多期地质构造运动及河谷演化历史等因素密切相关,要合理确定其三维地应力分布状况与大小具有较大难度和复杂性。采用多元回归与逐步回归相结合的方法对工程区域初始地应力场进行了详细反演,在此基础上,深入研究了河谷区地应力场的空间分布特征与规律,并就其形成机理开展了多因素影响效应分析,为我国西部强烈地质作用区高地应力研究及水电工程建设提供了具有参考价值的成果和工程案例。     

突变学理论在桃园矿10煤底板突水预测中的应用

10煤是桃园煤矿三大主采煤层之一。距离其较近的太灰含水层,是10煤开采的直接充水含水层。在该含水层外围,以奥陶系为主的隐伏型碳酸盐类裂隙岩溶含水岩组,是其强大的补给来源,这对矿井安全威胁较大。采用突变学方法建立了煤层底板突水预测模型,对桃园煤矿10煤1026-2、1041-2和1031工作面底板突水的可能性进行了预测,为桃园煤矿底板突水防治提供了理论依据。