新疆北山地区区域重、磁场特征及其地质意义

本文在探讨新疆北山地区区域重、磁场特征的基础上,系统地叙述了北山裂谷内发育的白地洼、磁海重力高异常特征和基性、超基性岩体群重、磁场特征。指出坡北、笔架山岩带处于EW、NEE、NNW三组断裂所控制的三角形重力高的梯度带和负磁异常带上。提出通过这一特点,可以在北山地区寻找新的基性、超基性岩体群和拔矿靶区圈定。     

近50a东北冷涡异常特征及其与淮河流域降水的关系

利用美国国家环境预报/大气研究中心(NCEP/NCAR)再分析月平均数据分析了1960—2009 年夏季东北冷涡的异常特征,研究了夏季东北冷涡与同期淮河流域降水的关系,发现:东北冷涡偏强时,淮河流域的降水很可能偏多,东北冷涡偏弱时,淮河流域的降水很可能偏少。东北冷涡异常强年,淮河流域高低层环流具有斜压性,且低层有显著的正涡度发展,促进了上升对流运动活跃发展。而东北冷涡活动异常频繁,有利于引导潮湿阴冷的北方气流南下,与东亚夏季盛行的西南暖湿气流在淮河流域上空交汇,在上升运动的触发下,导致淮河流域降水明显增多;东北冷涡弱年的情况正好相反。     

江淮流域夏季降水的准两年振荡特征及其关联因子分析

利用1951—2010年我国江淮流域11个测站夏季(6—8月)降水资料和NCAR提供的北半球月平均海平面气压场资料以及相关的西太平洋副高指数资料,采用Morlet小波变换、交叉小波变换及相关分析等方法讨论了降水准两年振荡现象的年际变化规律及其与东亚夏季风、副高的关系。结果表明,准两年振荡分量在江淮地区夏季降水场的年际振荡中十分重要,且经历了由强到弱再到强的变化过程;同时降水与夏季风强度及副高脊线位置的准两年变化均存在较好的同期相关,彼此间的相互影响还体现在年际尺度上,并分别在4 a和1 a时间尺度上有明显的滞后、超前关系。     

黄河流域旱涝年地面热量收支变化特征

根据北京、郑州３年热量平衡观测资料,建立波文（Ｂｏｗｅｎ）比计算模式。并用此模式及辐射计算式等估计黄河流域８年５－８月地面月辐射收支、蒸发耗热、湍流热交换量和土壤热交换量,并比较分析旱涝年它们的差异以及随旱涝（用降水距平表示）的变化。     

Calibrating a FDR sensor for soil moisture monitoring in a wetland in Central Kenya

The recent transformation of wetlands into farmland in East Africa is accelerating due to growing food-demand, land shortages, and an increasing unpredictability of climatic conditions for crop production in uplands. However, the conversion of pristine wetlands into sites of production may alter hydrological attributes with negative effects on production potential. Particularly the amount and the dynamics of plant available soil moisture in the rooting zone of crops determine to a large extent the agricultural production potential of wetlands. Various methods exist to assess soil moisture dynamics with Frequency Domain Reflectometry (FDR) being among the most prominent. However, the suitability of FDR sensors for assessing plant available soil moisture has to date not been confirmed for wetland soils in the region. We monitored the seasonal and spatial dynamics of water availability for crop growth in an inland valley wetland of the Kenyan highlands using a FDR sensor which was site-specifically calibrated. Access tubes were installed within different wetland use types and hydrological situations along valley transects and soil properties affecting soil moisture (organic C, texture, and bulk density) were investigated. There was little variation in soil attributes between physical positions in the valley, and also between topsoil and subsoil attributes with the exception of organic C contents. With a root mean squared error of 0.073 m³/m³, the developed calibration function of the FDR sensor allows for reasonably accurate soil moisture prediction for both within-site comparisons and the monitoring of temporal soil moisture variations. Applying the calibration equation to a time series of profile probe readings over a period of one year illustrated not only the temporal variation of soil moisture, but also effects of land use.     

2003年淮河流域致洪暴雨的环流背景及其与大气热源的关系

利用NCAR/NCEP的逐日再分析资料和降水资料,分析了2003年夏季淮河流域致洪暴雨的环流背景及其与大气热源的关系.结果表明,2002-2003年的El Nino事件是本次暴雨的前期背景;南海地区的视热源和视水汽汇异常可能是副高偏南维持的重要原因之一.与2003年夏季相比较,6月21日-7月22日淮河流域为正的异常视热源和视水汽汇,并且二者的高值中心与该时段雨量中心位置基本一致.孟加拉湾地区的异常加热源在其西北侧强迫出的高层反气旋性环流有利于南亚高压在青藏高原、江南、华南地区维持,从而使得淮河流域位于高压北侧高空西风急流入口区南侧的上升运动区,有利于淮河流域强降水发生和维持,形成该流域洪涝.     

东江流域雨水集中期气候特征及2006年降水成因分析

利用湘东南东江流域1959～2006年共48年的历史资料,采用统计分析方法,对东江流域历年雨水集中期的气候规律以及2006年雨水集中期的特征及成因进行了分析。分析结果表明:东江流域历年的雨水集中期多出现在6月和8月;东江流域雨水集中期的出现,受台风的影响较大。2006年由于04号台风"碧利斯"的影响导致了本年的雨水集中期出现在7月中旬,其特征是降水强度强、强降水范围广、过程降雨量大,而大尺度引导气流、南海季风对"碧利斯"的西行路径及降水强度影响较大。     

Conversion of kinetic energy from synoptic scale disturbance to low-frequency fluctuation over the Yangtze River valley in the summers of 1997 and 1999

In order to investigate the conversion of kinetic energy from a synoptic scale disturbance （SSD; period≤seven days） to a low-frequency fluctuation （LFF; period〉seven days）, the budget equation of the LFF kinetic energy is derived. The energy conversion is then calculated and analyzed for the summers of 1997 and 1999. The results show that the energy conversion from the SSD to the LFF is obviously enhanced in the middle and lower troposphere during the heavy rainfall, suggesting this to be one of mechanisms inducing the heavy rainfall, although the local LFF kinetic energy may not be enhanced.     

Scattering of Rayleigh waves by a shallow circular alluvial valley： High-frequency solution

Introduction The effect of local site conditions on wave propagation is one of the most attractive topics in engineering seismology. It may be resolved by either a numerical method or an analytical method. Numerical methods include the finite difference, finite element, boundary element method, etc. The analytical method is the wave function expansion method. The advantage of these numerical methods is that they can be applied to local inhomogeneity of arbitrary shapes, but analytical method …