内蒙古乌斯尼黑蛇绿混杂岩带形成时代的地质新证据

贺根山-乌斯尼黑蛇绿混杂岩带的属性和形成时代存在明显的认识上的分歧.早期认为是二叠纪侵入的超镁铁质岩体.该超镁铁质岩体侵入了下二叠统格根敖包组,并被哲斯组地层不整合覆盖,形成时代为二叠纪.20世纪80年代以来,通过中国北方板块构造研究,在硅质岩中采集到的一系列化石资料表明,贺根山地区蛇绿混杂岩的形成时代应为中-晚泥盆世...     

东昆仑南缘布青山构造混杂岩带哥日卓托闪长岩体年代学、地球化学特征及其地质意义

对东昆仑南缘布青山构造混杂岩带哥日卓托闪长岩体进行了锆石U-Pb年代学和岩石地球化学研究,以便对其形成时代和岩石成因进行约束.结果表明,哥日卓托闪长岩锆石Th/U比值(0.63～1.28)较高,阴极发光图像显示锆石内部发育振荡环带,具岩浆成因特点;LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄为225.8±1.5Ma(MSWD=0.53),表明其形成时代为晚三叠世早期.岩体的SiO2含量在53.07％～58.74％之间,Al2O3(14.66％～16.17％)含量相对较高,全碱含量较低(4.76％～6.04％),高钾(1.60％～2.90％),里特曼指数σ在1.69～2.66之间,属高钾钙碱性系列.稀土元素总量(∑REE)为158.36×10-6～211.50×10-6,δEu为0.85～0.97,稀土元素配分曲线呈右倾型,具有弱的负铕异常.高场强元素(Nb、Ta、P等)和大离子亲石元素(Ba、Sr、Ti等)具有明显的负异常,而Rb、U、La、Hf、Nd等元素具有明显的正异常.哥日卓托闪长岩形成于高温环境(800℃±),具有后碰撞岩浆活动的特征,是东昆仑地块与巴颜喀拉地块碰撞后地壳部分熔融的产物.     

新疆西准噶尔萨尔托海蛇绿混杂岩形成时代及构造环境分析

萨尔托海蛇绿混杂岩是西准噶尔地区达拉布特蛇绿混杂岩带的重要组成部分,其形成时代和构造环境颇具争议。通过LA-ICP-MS锆石微区原位U-Pb同位素测年,获得其中辉长辉绿岩的 ²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U 加权平均年龄为388.8±1.1 Ma,确定该蛇绿混杂岩形成于中泥盆世。岩石地球化学分析表明,纯橄岩(蛇纹岩)属于低Si、低碱、高Mg的变质橄榄岩,REE呈∑REE 偏低的平坦型分布模式,Cr、Ni和Co含量较高,变玄武岩属于高Ti、富Mg、富Fe、偏碱的拉斑系列,REE分布模式呈现 ∑REE 偏低、Eu异常不明显的平坦型曲线,微量元素分布模式为K、Cs、Th、Nb和P相对亏损的平坦型曲线,Zr/Nb比值低,总体表现出与E-MORB相似的特征。综合判断认为,萨尔托海蛇绿混杂岩形成于大陆裂谷向洋盆转化的构造环境,类似于"红海式"洋盆,为进一步深入认识新疆地区众多蛇绿混杂岩的形成构造环境提供了新思路。     

Recognition of the hydrogeological potential using electrical sounding in the Khemisset-Tiflet region,Morocco

The low recharge of reservoirs and the increasing demand for water limit the potential of mobilized resources, especially in arid to semi-arid areas like Morocco. Integrated management is essential to safeguard this resource. In respect with this perspective, this work provides the analysis of hydrogeological potential of Khemisset-Tiflet region, which falls within the action area of the Sebou Hydraulic Basin Agency. The basis of our studies was as follows:(1) The interpretation of the existing geoelectric data;(2) application of geophysical methods for non-destructive reconnaissance and their integration into a Geographic Information System(GIS). The analysis demonstrates that: The map of the isohypses and the geoelectric cross-section of the substratum of the superficial roof aquifer show clearly a plunge associated with development of the Paleozoic roof in the South and the direction of flow of the surface water is from south to north, from the upper zone to the north of the El Kansera dam. These conclusions constitute very useful contribution for any resource management projects in this area.     

共轭伸展褶劈理夹角的定量解析

９０ 年代初以来,中国地质学者先后在浙、皖、赣、湘的“板溪群”及震旦系中发现了古生代的生物化石。因此,再次将“板溪群”是否是前震旦纪的一个变质地层单位、江南古陆是否存在以及华南大地构造格局是否需要重新厘定等问题提了出来。１９９３ 年笔者于赣东北蛇绿混杂岩带内的“双桥山群”岩块中,首次发现了含晚古生代的放射虫硅质岩。１９９６ 年又在该混杂岩带多处的“双桥山群”岩块和“下震旦统志棠组”中找到了含晚古生代的放射虫硅质岩,还首次在“登山群拔竹坑组”中发现了早古生代的几丁虫化石。经数年野外多次观察和对室内化石鉴定、岩石地球化学测试结果以及岩石学特征的综合分析表明,所发现的含晚古生代放射虫硅质岩及其岩石组合是一套洋盆深水相沉积;登山群拔竹坑组,是早古生代的一套浅水陆棚 深水陆棚 半深海相沉积。结合同行学者在邻区“板溪群”研究方面取得的新成果,笔者认为：“板溪群”不是前震旦纪的一个变质地层单位,而是一个复杂的构造岩带,江南古陆是不存在的,华南从早古生代到中生代早期还经历了一次洋盆演化过程,现在的构造格局是印支运动奠定的     

PRELIMINARY STUDY ON THE OPHIOLITIC MELANGE IN THE YALU TSANGPU GRAND CANYON AREA

PRELIMINARY STUDY ON THE OPHIOLITIC MELANGE IN THE YALU TSANGPU GRAND CANYON AREA     

Usable Values of Nickel Ore and Nickel Concentrate Certified Reference Materials

The preparation and characterisation of three nickel ores and two nickel concentrate certified reference materials are described in this paper. The samples of nickel ore and nickel concentrate were collected from the Hongqiling nickel deposit in Jilin province. The raw materials were crushed and passed through a 2.0‐mm sieve. The rough samples were then ground for 48 hr in a high‐alumina ball mill to a final size of < 0.074 mm. Homogeneity of the samples was tested by X‐ray fluorescence spectrometry (WD‐XRF) and inductively coupled plasma‐atomic emission spectrometry (ICP‐AES). The relative standard deviations (RSD) of results on mass fraction measurements by WD‐XRF were < 1.0% m/m for eighteen components. F‐tests showed that all five samples were homogeneous. Nineteen laboratories contributed with measurement results (2127 in total) for the certification of mass fractions for twenty‐three elements and compounds. Twenty‐three components in the nickel ores and twenty components in the nickel concentrates were characterised as certified values, while the Ni mass fractions ranges from 0.1 to 9.02% m/m in these certified reference materials. These five samples were approved as national certified reference materials by the National Organisation of Reference Materials of China in 2012.     

Knowing into oblivion: Clearing wastelands and imagining emptiness in Vietnamese New Urban Zones

Lands cleared for Vietnamese New Urban Zones are commonly described as ‘wastelands’ (??t hoang) in need of development. But clearing these lands in Vietnam's densely populated urban areas requires evicting large numbers of urban residents. How is it possible to render populated spaces as empty wastelands? This paper juxtaposes new ethnographic research in Ho Chi Minh City against historical scholarship on Vietnamese concepts of ‘clearing the wasteland’ and colonial civilizing projects of mise en valeur. In doing so, the article describes these concepts as parallel legitimizing strategies that effectively enable developers and planners to render previously occupied and utilized lands as empty, uninhabited wastelands. The article shows that the same narrative structure used in these earlier contexts is used to justify current urban development projects.     

西藏果芒错蛇绿混杂岩中硅质岩的地球化学特征及其形成环境

果芒错蛇绿混杂岩位于狮泉河—永珠—嘉黎蛇绿混杂岩带中段,是该带中保存较好的一套蛇绿混杂岩,其形成环境是确定狮泉河—永珠—嘉黎蛇绿混杂岩带构造属性的重要依据。对果芒错蛇绿混杂岩中的硅质岩进行了地球化学分析,为判断蛇绿混杂岩的形成环境提供新的约束条件。硅质岩通常呈几十厘米夹层产于玄武岩中,含有大量晚三叠世—白垩纪放射虫化石。硅质岩SiO2含量为71.38%～77.67%,Al2O3含量为8.62%～11.51%,MnO/TiO2值为0.28～0.35,（Ce/Ce＊）SN值为0.92～0.94,（La/Ce）SN值为1.13～1.17,反映了陆源物质的影响,而V、Ni、Cu和V/Y值高于大陆边缘硅质岩,与洋中脊和大洋盆地硅质岩相似,说明果芒错硅质岩可能形成于受陆源物质影响且与大陆边缘有一定距离的环境中。结合变质橄榄岩、镁铁质岩墙和玄武岩的地球化学特征,初步认为果芒错蛇绿混杂岩的形成环境为靠近大陆边缘的弧后盆地。     

南天山齐齐加纳克蛇绿混杂岩的SHRIMP年龄及其构造意义

齐齐加纳克蛇绿混杂岩位于中国新疆西南天山阔克萨彦岭地区,主要由辉石橄榄岩,橄榄辉石岩,橄榄玄武岩,辉长岩,辉绿岩,基性熔岩等组成。它们以一系列构造碎片近东西向产出,断续沿长约5km,宽约500m。本文应用SHRIMP方法对该蛇绿混杂岩中玄武岩中的锆石进行SHRIMP锆石U-Pb测年,获得了399±4Ma的加权平均年龄,说明该蛇绿混杂岩形成于早泥盆世。结合前人的研究成果,我们推测齐齐加纳克蛇绿混杂岩与吉根蛇绿岩残片均为中亚造山带南天山蛇绿岩带的延伸,可能代表了一个多岛窄洋盆演化的产物,为南天山洋北向俯冲及其后的塔里木微板块与哈萨克斯坦-准噶尔板块陆陆碰撞形成的最后缝合带。