RACIALIZED TOPOGRAPHIES: ALTITUDE AND RACE IN SOUTHERN CITIES*

ABSTRACT. This study examines altitudinal residential segregation by race in 146 cities in the U.S. South. It begins by embedding the topic in recent theorizations of the social construction of nature, the geography of race, and environmental justice. Second, it focuses on how housing markets, particularly in the South, tend to segregate minorities in low‐lying, flood‐prone, and amenity‐poor segments of urban areas. It tests empirically the hypothesis that blacks are disproportionately concentrated in lower‐altitude areas using gis to correlate race and elevation by digital elevation‐model block group within each city in 1990 and 2000. The statistical results confirm the suspected trend. A map of coefficients indicates strong positive associations in cities in the interior South‐where the hypothesis is confirmed‐and an inverse relationship near the coast, where whites dominate higher‐valued coastal properties. Selected city case studies demonstrate these relationships connecting the broad dynamics of racial segregation to the particularities of individual places.     

Branding the design metropole: the case of Montréal, Canada

As part of a broader process of inter-urban competition, city governments have increasingly sought to 'position' themselves as centres of creativity. In these branding initiatives, culture is viewed as a tool of urban regeneration and economic development. Our paper examines the case of Commerce Design Montréal, an annual design competition run by the City of Montréal, which aims to brand Montréal as a centre of design. Commerce Design Montréal is an example of a 'fast' policy initiated by the state, but carried out by business owners and citizens. As such, it represents a downloading of the responsibility for economic development to the private or individual scale and adopts only a partial view of the varied actors and uses that are implicated in the design process. The paper considers the opportunities and challenges that this model presents for promoting design as a form of urban regeneration in a neo-liberal context.     

Historical Auckland on foot

Abstract:  This paper discusses three walking tour guides prepared for the 12th International Conference of Historical Geographers. It argues that the guides are innovative in terms of format, content and ironic sensibility. It construes them as devices for re-imagining Auckland's urban heritage.     

高光谱遥感数据三次光滑样条滤噪

分析了高光谱遥感数据噪声滤波的作用和现状，实现了一种基于三次光滑样条函数的高光谱遥感数据噪声滤波算法，解决了目前高光谱遥感数据噪声滤波算法自适应效果不理想的问题。通过对AVIRIS数据试验，证明此方法简单易行，计算精度高，具有良好的局部自适应拟合能力，并能有效地滤除数据中的噪声，改善数据质量。     

自由测站法曲线座标计算程序设计

通过对曲线测设和测点坐标计算过程的分析，把坐标计算的程序设计归结为有向直线与X轴顺时针夹角即方位角的计算和线路转向转角的计算，弥补了测点位置和计算公式分类复杂等不足，简化了程序设计和计算过程。     

笼状水合物拉曼光谱特征与结构水合数的耦合关系

为了探讨不同气体组分和环境介质对形成笼状结构类型水合物和水合数的影响, 开展了一元体系 (CH4、CO2、C3H8 )和二元体系(CH4 +CO2、CH4 +C3H8、CH4 +N2 )的水合物生成结晶充填过程、结晶构型和动力学特性分析, 并对生成的水合物进行了拉曼光谱分析。结果表明单组分甲烷充填小孔穴 512和大孔穴 512 62 形成Ⅰ型笼状结构水合物(SⅠ), 二氧化碳和丙烷只占据大孔穴 512 64 形成Ⅱ型笼状结构水合物 (SⅡ ); 而二元混合组分中小孔穴中只充填有甲烷, 而没有CO2、N2 和C3H8。应用反褶积的ν1 对称谱带测定了CH4 分子在Ⅰ型结构大孔穴和小孔穴中的相对占有率,并根据谱带的面积比(对应于小孔穴与大孔穴)计算了平衡条件下甲烷水合物孔穴占有率及其耦合的水合数, 认为气体分子的大小不仅影响它所充填的孔穴形态和类型, 而且影响水合物生成的结构类型和水合数。     

基于小波消噪和符号动力学的径流变化复杂性研究

提出了基于小波消噪的符号动力学途径研究径流变化的复杂度。对径流序列进行小波消噪,运用Lempel-Ziv算法计算其复杂度,以长江、黄河流域为例定量分析年径流复杂性。为研究水文系统的复杂性提供了工具。研究表明:①黄河流域径流变化比长江流域复杂;②黄河流域年径流的平均复杂度为8.3,从上游到下游的复杂性变化趋势不明显;③从时间纵向看,黄河年径流变化的复杂性并未发生显著的变化。     

合肥市夏季热岛特征研究

根据2002牟夏季高温期间合肥市城市小气候考察的资料，分析了合肥市夏季城市热岛特征以及热岛强度的历史变化。结果表明：1）合肥市夏季热岛强度的日变化与冬季明显不同，夏季晴天一天中热岛强度只出现一个峰值，其基本特征与Oke提出的理想状态下的城市热岛强度日变化的模式曲线非常相似，而冬季与高纬地区的加拿大卡尔加里城市的热岛强度日变化特征接近。这反映了冬、夏两季人类活动、能源消耗量的不同；2）随着城市范围的扩大和城市绿化工程的实施，合肥市热岛面积、分布形状有了一定的改变，但主要分布特征和强度基本没有变化。     

城市热岛效应监测方法研究进展

城市热岛效应是一种由于城市建筑及人们活动导致的热量在城区空间范围内聚集的现象,是城市气候最明显的特征之一.由于城市热岛影响因素以及相互关系的复杂性,为了精确细致地描述其时空分布,人们采用了多种方法来研究城市热岛现象,主要归纳为：气象站法、定点观测法、运动样带法、遥感测定法以及模拟预测等.最后,认为各种测定方法都存在一定的缺陷,建议多种测定方法综合运用.