中国高铁开通地级市的房地产投资空间格局分析

近些年我国高速铁路的建设,促进了制造业、生产性服务业的空间集聚。针对中国高铁建设是否也会促使房地产业空间集聚的问题,本文根据新经济地理学理论模型进行机理分析,采用2007—2017全国高铁列车班次数据,运用动态空间自回归模型（SAR）和空间杜宾模型（SDM）进行实证研究,得到以下结论：我国高铁快速发展改变了房地产市场潜力和房地产投资空间格局,出现房地产投资向核心城市聚集与向中小城市溢出同时发生现象。本区域高铁等交通基础设施改善,促进产业、人口和房地产投资在本区域集聚;跨区域高铁等交通基础设施改善,则会促进产业、人口和房地产投资的空间流动。房地产业在大城市过度集聚将产生拥挤效应,迫使房地产投资由核心大城市向高铁沿线中小城市扩散;具有优势地方资源的中小城市,高铁开通会加速房地产投资向其空间溢出。     

基于高分辨率模式的京津冀地区无人机航路风向风速模拟分析

随着中国低空空域的陆续开放,依靠现有的低空飞行气象保障技术为低空安全飞行提供服务略有不足,对飞行影响最大的风进行预报也有一定的困难。论文基于WRF(Weather Research and Forecasting Model)中尺度数值模式,对2015—2019年京津冀地区的风速风向进行模拟,并将模拟结果与气象站观测数据进行对比分析,可为该地区无人机低空航路飞行安全提供保障。结果表明:WRF模式能够较好地模拟风速的季节变化趋势,平原地区的模拟效果优于山区,山区模拟的风速偏大,但误差在可接受的范围内(RMSE<1.5 m·s^-1)。平均风速、最大风速最小值均出现在夏末,平均风速最大值出现在春季(山区4.43 m·s^-1、平原4.13 m·s^-1);最大风速在冬、春、夏初呈波动递增,夏季中旬开始减少,夏末秋初降至最小。京津冀地区风速呈西北向东南递减,泊头站(-0.02 m·s^-1·(5 a)^-1)和天津站(-0.02 m·s^-1·(5 a)^-1)平均风速呈下降趋势,其余站点风速呈上升趋势,唐山站上升率最大(0.08 m·s^-1·(5 a)^-1);在风速季节空间分布中,平均风速以上升趋势为主,站点所占比例为春季45.45%、夏季90.91%、秋季63.63%、冬季81.81%。平原地区盛行风呈东北—西南向;山区站点怀来站风向以WNW(18.70%)和W(15.01%)为主,蔚县站风向以N(16.79%)和NNW(12.03%)为主,相较于平原地区,山地地区风速8.0 m·s^-1的大风数量显著上升。1000 m高度的平原地区大风出现频率显著增加,增长速度高于山地地区,不利于无人机飞行,风速17.0 m·s^-1以上出现的概率明显高于山地地区。     

Kenya's regional ambitions or China's Belt‐and‐Road? News media representations of the Mombasa‐Nairobi Standard Gauge Railway

Kenya's Standard Gauge Railway (SGR), and its construction and financing by China, exemplifies the prominence accorded to mega‐infrastructural projects in contemporary economic development, as well as the dependence this has engendered on external loans. Alongside, multiple geographies intertwine in the SGR which is both a component of China's global ‘Belt and Road Initiative’ (BRI), as well as an East African regional link between coastal Kenya and neighbouring landlocked countries. In most popular and academic analyses, the role of China is emphasized over the SGR's positioning within East Africa. Does this then lead to an undermining of the meanings that are attached to the SGR within Kenya? This article seeks to add Kenyan perspectives to the debate over China's infrastructural loans by examining the range of news media discourses that have emerged around the SGR. Utilizing the theoretical lens of South‐South cooperation and African agency, this study analyzes how material infrastructure becomes meaningful within the context of a political superstructure. For Kenya, this political superstructure is shaped not only by Kenya‐China relations, but also by infrastructural competitions within East Africa, as well as within Kenya itself.     

计算子午线弧长的三类算法及其分析比较"

多项式展开算法是计算子午线弧长的传统方法,为了研究利用数值积分算法和常微分方程数值解法进行子午线弧长计算的可行性与可靠性,本文选取大地纬度自0°至90°的3组样本数据(间隔距离分别为1°、1'、1″),分别基于多项式展开数值积分算法和常微分方程数值解法,计算得到各组样本数据的子午线弧长,并通过算法计算结果精度和运算速度两个方面对数值算法的质量进行了评价。计算结果表明:数值积分算法和常微分方程数值解法均可以得到与多项式展开算法精度相同的结果;数值积分算法可通过减小步长以提高计算结果精度,但运算速度急剧降低;3阶、4阶的Runge-Kutta算法不仅运算结果精度高,而且运算速度也比传统算法快3倍多,表明了常微分方程数值解法更适用于子午线弧长的大数据计算。     

More intensive summer tropical cyclone near 30°N of East Asia

The present study revealed that a climate regime shift occurred during the 1988–1991 period involving changes in tropical cyclone (TC) intensity (central pressure, maximum sustained wind speed) during the summer near 30°N in East Asia. Climatologically, TC intensity at 110°–125°E near 30°N (over Mainland China) is the weakest at that latitude while the strongest is found at 125°–130°E (over Korea). The TC intensity during the 1991–2015 (91–15) period had strengthened significantly compared to that of the 1965–1988 (65–88) period. The strengthening was due to a significantly lower frequency of TCs that passed through Mainland China during the 91–15 period. This lower frequency of was due to anomalous northeasterlies blown from the anomalous anticyclonic circulation located over continental East Asia and that had strengthened along the coast. Instead, TCs mainly followed a path from eastern regions in the subtropical western North Pacific to Korea and Japan via the East China Sea due to anomalous cyclonic circulations that had strengthened in the western North Pacific. In addition, low vertical wind shear had formed along the mid-latitude region in East Asia and along the main TC track in the 91–15 period, and most regions in the western North Pacific experienced a higher sea surface temperature state during the 91–15 period than in the previous period, indicating that a favorable environment had formed to maintain strong intensities of TCs at the mid–latitudes. The characteristics of TCs at the lower latitudes caused a strong TC intensity at the time of landfall in Korea and a gradual shifting trend of landing location from the western to southern coast in recent years.     

我国近海洋面10 m风速集合预报客观订正方

利用2013—2015年ECMWF集合预报10 m风场及我国沿岸和近海88个代表站点风速实况观测,建立基于ECMWF集合预报众数的我国近海洋面10 m风速客观订正方法。集合预报众数正确率及稳定性高于中值及平均值,因此基于集合预报众数,综合考虑历史数据的预报概率及集合预报各个成员的分布情况进行客观订正,可以提高订正效果。订正后的6~7级、8~9级风速偏小的误差及TS评分有明显改进,其中72~120 h预报时效的8~9级风速预报的TS评分由0.04增加到0.44,能够有效提高中长期时效大量级风速的预报能力。订正的风速产品对于我国近海冷空气及台风大风天气过程有较好的预报效果。     

基于北斗反射信号的支持向量回归机海面风速反演研究

随着全球导航卫星系统的发展,一种基于导航卫星反射信号(GNSS-R)的海洋遥感技术成为近年来研究的热点。为研究GNSS-R测风方法,分析了海面风速与反射信号时延功率之间的关系,同时结合机器学习方法中的支持向量回归机方法,将反射信号时延功率作为训练标签,最终完成海面风速的反演。将"北斗反射信号海风海浪探测系统——山东示范站"项目期间海风海浪系统的探测结果与同期风速仪探测结果进行对比分析,结果表明,两者具有很好的一致性,海面风速的反演精度为2.4 m/s,证明了基于北斗反射信号的支持向量回归机海面测风方法是可行的。     

1971—2015年大连地区低风速气象特征分析

利用1971—2015年大连地区7个国家气象站的气象资料, 统计低风速条件下的累积频率、日变化、月变化和持续性等特征,分析低风速频率空间分布和年际变化特征。结果表明: (1)大连地区低风速频率较低,平均约20%,地区间差异显著,近海区域长海站最低,为8%,内陆的普兰店地区较高,达32%。(2)近45年,低风速频率呈增加趋势,大连、长海和普兰店站增加趋势显著,特别是近10年增幅更大。(3)大连站低风速频率具有显著的日变化,主要表现为白天偏低、中午时段最低,夜间高,半夜达到最高。(4)3—7月,大连地区低风速频率低;9月至次年2月较高,最大值出现在9月。(5)低风速持续时间长海站最长,持续10 h以上低风速频率达到27%,持续20 h以上接近9%,大连站低风速持续时长最短,持续4 h以下的占85%。     

Coupled simulation of wave propagation and water flow in soil induced by high‐speed trains

The purpose of this paper is to simulate the coupled dynamic deformation and water flow that occur in saturated soils when subjected to traffic loads, which is a problem with several practical applications. The wave propagation causes vibrations leading to discomfort for passengers and people in the surroundings and increase wear on both the vehicle and road structure. The water flow may cause internal erosion and material transport in the soil. Further, the increased pore water pressure could reduce the bearing capacity of embankments. The saturated soil is modelled as a water‐saturated porous medium. The traffic is modelled as a number of moving wheel contact loads. Dynamic effects are accounted for, which lead to a coupled problem with solid displacements, water velocity and pressure as primary unknowns. A finite element program has been developed to perform simulations. The simulations clearly demonstrate the induced wave propagation and water flow in the soil. The simulation technique is applicable to railway as well as road traffic. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于ERA Interim的L波段探空秒级风速算法检验

本文基于L波段探空雷达高垂直分辨率方位数据,通过在不同探空高度处选取不同尺度的时间窗口,设计了计算秒级风速的3种方案。通过比较3种计算方案得到的秒级风速与ERA-Interim再分析资料在平均偏差Bias和均方根误差RMSE等指标上的差异,给出了计算秒级风速的最优算法。结果表明:由于雷达的定位存在系统偏差,窗口选取过大或过小均会引入较大的秒级风速误差,选取适当尺度的时间窗口是准确计算秒级风速的必要条件。另外,基于ERA-Interim再分析资料具备良好的时空一致性,本文提出了1种检验L波段秒级风速算法优劣的新方案。