河北城市化和观测环境改变对地面风速观测资料序列的影响

选用河北省143个气象台站1975-2004年10 m高年平均风速资料,以及1990年和2000年人口普查资料,根据人口增长、台站迁移、仪器高度变化、台站微观环境变化等影响地面风速变化的台站历史信息,把所有气象台站分为4类,并分别对其进行比较分析.结果表明:河北省绝大多数台站风速变化呈减小趋势;城市化进程、台站观测环境等因素均在不同程度上对地面平均风速变化趋势产生了影响,其中台站所在城镇城市化程度是风速减小趋势不可忽略的原因,其影响程度约在1/4左右;台站观测环境因素中观测场附近微观环境变化对风速减小趋势具有重要影响,超过了区域背景风速减小趋势.台站观测环境因素对风速资料序列均一性的影响也不容忽视,至少有1/3的平均风速序列非均一性断点是由观测环境变化产生的.     

涪陵页岩气田江东区块优快钻井技术研究与应用

涪陵页岩气田江东区块地质构造复杂、地层倾角大,存在机械钻速低、定向钻井托压严重、水平井轨迹控制困难等问题,给该地区优快钻井作业带来了挑战。本文通过总结现场施工作业及技术攻关实践,分析总结了江东区块复杂地质条件下相适应的钻井新工艺、新工具,形成了一套适用于涪陵页岩气田江东区块的优快钻井技术。江东区块钻井周期从开发前期的235 d缩短至9033 d,机械钻速、储层钻遇率不断提高的同时,定向钻井托压、钻头提前失效等工况逐渐减少。通过4年发展,涪陵页岩气田江东区块优快钻井集成技术逐渐成熟,基本满足了深层页岩气的开发需要。     

CYS-300型全液压地热水井钻机的研制

本文介绍了CYS300型全液压地热水井钻机的性能参数、关键机械部件结构及液压系统的设计。钻机选用齿轮泵作为液压系统动力元件,配合液压多路阀实现对动力头双液压马达和给进油缸等执行元件液压油的合流,通过液控二速阀实现动力头双液压马达的串并联工作,输出4种转速和扭矩,在满足钻机性能参数设计要求的同时,简化液压系统的设计,减少液压系统能量损耗,降低维护和使用成本。钻机采用油缸三链条倍速机构实现动力头的给进提升,具有结构简单、性能可靠、抗冲击能力强、提升平稳等优点。现场工程施工应用表明：CYS300型全液压地热水井钻机性能稳定可靠,工艺和复杂地层适用能力强,操作安全舒适,钻进效率高。     

Adaptive analysis of infinite beams dynamics problems using the periodic configuration update method in the time domain

This paper proposes a new approach for the assessment of the dynamic response of continuously supported infinite beams under high‐speed moving loads. A change in the representation of equations of motion in the dynamics of discrete structures is proposed to obtain an improved accuracy of the numerical integration in the time domain. The proposed numerical method called the “periodic configuration update” or “PCU method” is applied to solve the problem of a vertical moving harmonic load on an infinite classical Euler‐Bernoulli beam resting on a continuous viscoelastic foundation. This study shows the superiority of the proposed method in comparison with other methods presented in the literature that suffer from the material time derivative, i.e., convective terms, that arises from the Galilean transformation. To confront this numerical problem, the PCU method retains the principle of the spatial follow of loads while zeroing the relative velocity with the traversed beam via a step‐by‐step adaptive integration of the equation of structural dynamics. The dynamic load is modeled with high theoretical velocities that can reach the critical velocity of the studied beam with different angular frequencies belonging to moderate frequency range. A parametric study is carried out to analyze the influence of key parameters on the convergence. The obtained results show a high efficiency of the PCU method for solving these types of problems relative to the dynamics of high speed trains/tracks.     

Incorporating the Istanbul-Ankara high-speed railway into the Belt and Road Initiative: Negotiation,institutional alignment and regional development

This article contributes to a small but growing body of multi-sited and multi-scalar research on the Belt and Road Initiative.We focus on relations at the national,regional and international scales,and present original research from China and Turkey,to show how the Istanbul-Ankara high-speed railway has served as a testing ground for China's Belt and Road Initiative(BRI).Its construction was initially funded by the European Investment Bank,but it is now part of the backbone of the Turkish Government's Middle Corridor plan which enhances west-east connectivity and integration with the Caucasus and Central Asia.We show that in contrast to multinational corporations from the OECD that seek to remain footloose,Chinese state-owned enterprises(SOEs)seek to adapt to,apprehend and ultimately shape local in-stitutions.In the case of Turkey this proved difficult given its institutional alignment with the European Union.Thus,while the railway project was completed successfully by a consortium led by a Chinese SOE,Turkey's dynamic and complex regulatory environment discourages Chinese SOEs in the infrastructure sector.We conclude that the Turkish and Chinese gov-ernments are currently pursuing complementary territorial visions yet their cooperation is project-based and pragmatic.     

Performance of the CMA-GD Model in Predicting Wind Speed at Wind Farms in Hubei, China

This study assesses the predictive capabilities of the CMA-GD model for wind speed prediction in two wind farms located in Hubei Province, China. The observed wind speeds at the height of 70m in wind turbines of two wind farms in Suizhou serve as the actual observation data for comparison and testing. At the same time, the wind speed predicted by the EC model is also included for comparative analysis. The results indicate that the CMA-GD model performs better than the EC model in Wind Farm A. Th...     

车载组合导航数据处理方法研究

在运用组合导航技术进行车辆定位导航过程中,由于环境、导航设备等因素的干扰,导航数据中会包含有较大误差的野值数据,使得导航结果与实际车辆的行驶轨迹发生较大偏差,从而给人们的日常生活带来不便。一方面,错误的导航信息会给用户增加不必要的麻烦,影响智能交通系统的发展;另一方面也影响组合导航技术的应用和推广。为此,本文提出了对车辆低速和车辆停止时的定位数据进行剔除,利用粗差剔除和多项式拟合等方法对定位数据进行分析处理,提高导航定位的准确性。跑车试验证明该方法可以有效地提高定位精度,满足车载导航的需求。     

基于GPS的高速公路车速全程监控方法研究

对高速公路车速进行有效监控与管理,是抑制违章超速行驶、减少高速公路交通事故的重要手段。现有的基于点速度和区间平均速度的高速公路车速监控方法,难以准确反应出车辆的实际行驶状态,实施效果有限,可靠性较差。文中提出基于GPS和地图匹配技术的高速公路车速全程监控和管理方法,建立相关算法的数学模型。经过理论分析和实例验证,车速监控与管理方法能实现高速公路车速的全程监控,极大地提高车速安全监控和管理的可靠性、准确性和有效性。     

ASCAT近岸风在山东沿海的适用性分析

利用2013年1月—2014年12月山东近海的8个浮标站、海岛站和自动站资料与ASCAT近岸风速和风向进行对比,以分析ASCAT反演风场在山东沿海的适用性。研究发现：总体上看,ASCAT近岸风速与代表站实况风速正相关,ASCAT近岸风速在山东沿海误差较小,风向有明显的偏离。ASCAT近岸风在渤海、渤海海峡和黄海北部的适用性优于黄海中部。风力不同时,ASCAT近岸风速与实况偏差有明显差别,表现为当实况出现6级及以上的大风,ASCAT近岸风速小于实况;当实况出现6级以下的风,ASCAT近岸风速大于实况。就ASCAT风速偏差而言,6级以下的风速偏差小于6级及以上风。ASCAT近岸风向与实况偏差也有明显差别,当实况出现6级及以上的大风,ASCAT近岸风向与实况的偏离变小;当实况出现6级以下的风,ASCAT近岸风向与实况的偏离变大。因此,ASCAT近岸风速在山东沿海有较好的适用性,6级以下风更优;ASCAT近岸风向也有一定的适用性,6级及以上风向可用性比6级以下强。     

西北太平洋TC移动速度异常及预报误差特征的分析

利用国家气象局和上海台风研究所(CMA-STI)整编的西北太平洋1970—2009年热带气旋(TC,Tropical Cyclone)及TC最佳路径数据集和2005—2010年的TC路径预报误差资料,应用百分位法,确定TC移动速度异常指标,分析了40 a来西北太平洋TC移动速度及其变化异常发生的时空分布特征,研究了TC速度预报误差对路径预报误差的影响及其与大尺度引导气流之间的关系。结果显示:1)西北太平洋TC移速及移速变化累积概率达95%(5%)分位数的阈值分别为10.8 m·s~(-1)(1.43 m·s~(-1))和2.42m·s~(-1)(-1.72 m·s~(-1))。2)快速移动及加速的TC大都出现在日本海地区,而缓慢的和减速移动TC主要出现在南海区域。3)TC移动速度异常的季节变化表现为,快速移动的TC在5月出现的频率达到最高,缓慢移动的TC在10月频率达到最高,加速移动的TC在6月频率达到最高。4)近6 a的TC移速预报误差对TC路径预报误差的贡献平均约为41.6%。5)对TC路径预报误差偏大,且移速预报误差贡献大的个例分析显示,该个例大尺度环境引导气流偏弱使TC移动速度偏慢。而如果预报的大尺度环境引导气流偏强,使预报的TC移速偏快,那么就容易导致大的路径预报误差。