新一代手提式多元素X荧光仪在地质普查中的应用

现场X射线荧光分析的主要影响因素是基体效应，湿度效应和不平度效应等。基于室内、野外大量实验，结合软件技术，在新一代手提式元素X荧光仪中，综合运用强度影响系数法、特散比及经验系数法，使多元素现场X荧光快速分析技术取得实用性进展。地质大调查中，在样品多元快速测试，野外土壤、岩石的原位分析，异常追索查证等方面的应用，充分体现出轻便、快速、高效、低投入的效果。     

北京地铁工程中复合降水技术的开发应用

地铁工程施工不论是明挖、还是暗挖,从开挖的安全性及防水措施等方面,对地质均提出了非常严格的要求,地铁工程一般埋深较大,尤其在水文地质、工程地质条件较复杂的条件下,单一、简单的降水方法很难较好的满足地铁工程施工对地下水控制的要求。因此,需要考虑将不同种的单一降水方法中的优势技术进行合理叠加,尝试复合降水技术,能使地铁工程降水效果达到疏干充分、消除或有效控制含水层底界滞留水渗漏,避免拱顶因地下水渗漏造成冒顶、侧壁地下水渗漏造成坍塌,保障正常施工。     

天然地震识别与震相自动拾取技术进展

震相拾取是地震数据处理过程中最基本的步骤之一。在传统的人工拾取技术不能满足庞大的地震数据处理需求的情况下,震相自动拾取技术从产生到发展至今经历了漫长的过程。本文回顾并总结了震相自动拾取技术的发展状况,重点介绍了长短时窗法、赤池准则法、模板匹配技术、基于自相关盲搜索的FAST法、S波偏振分析法、人工智能方法等,以及近年发展起来的多频率震相识别、全波形叠加、二次方自回归模型等方法,同时分析了每种方法的优势和局限性。     

脑皮质层状坏死的影像学表现

目的:分析脑皮质层状坏死(CLN)的影像学表现特点,提高诊断及鉴别诊断能力。方法:回顾性分析2015年1月至2016年11月经CT及MRI随访诊断的77例CLN患者的临床影像学资料,总结其病因及影像表现特点。77例CLN患者中男45例,女32例,年龄24~88岁(平均66.53±3.1岁)。本组均行MRI检查,71例同时行CT检查,均有3次以上影像学检查资料(平均3.8次),随访复查时间20d~18m(平均2.3月)。结果:77例中脑梗死58例,创伤性颅脑损伤9例,自发性脑出血5例,脑肿瘤术后4例,缺血缺氧性脑病1例。77例中累及双侧大脑半球者3例,单侧大脑半球病变74例。单个脑叶受累28例,两个脑叶受累35例,多个脑叶受累14例。影像学随访可见病灶侧皮层弥漫性或局灶性萎缩,皮质表面线状或沿脑回走行的CT平扫高密度及MRI T1WI高信号,部分病灶可深达基底节区或海马区。结论:CLN病因复杂多样,影像学随访中CT平扫脑皮质出现脑回状高密度影及MRI上T1WI脑回状高信号,结合临床病史可做出准确诊断。      

A spatial analysis of hydro‐climatic and vegetation condition trends in the Yellow River basin

Stream‐gauge data indicate that the flow of the Yellow River has declined during the past several decades. Zero flow in sections of the river channel, i.e. the Yellow River drying‐up phenomenon, has occurred since the 1970s. In this paper we present an analysis of changes in the spatial patterns of climatic and vegetation condition data in the Yellow River basin based on data from meteorological stations and satellites. The climatic data are from 1960 to 2000 and the vegetation condition data are from 1982 to 2000. The angular‐distance‐weighted interpolation method is used to get climatic data coverage from station observations. The spatial distribution of tendency is detected with Student's t‐test. The spatial patterns of climatic and vegetation condition change was analysed together with the statistical data on human activities. The analysis indicates that the precipitation decreases and temperature increases in most parts of the Yellow River basin, the evaporative demand of the atmosphere decreases in the upper reaches and increases in the lower reaches, and human activities have improved the vegetation condition in the irrigation districts. The Loess Plateau, the Tibetan Plateau, and the irrigation districts are respectively suggested as precipitation, temperature, and human activity hot spots of the Yellow River drying‐up phenomenon. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

关于抗浮设防水位及浮力计算问题的分析讨论

参阅了近10年来国内11篇文献和2本专著中有关抗浮问题和地下水渗流问题的论述,对抗浮设防水位的确定和浮力的计算问题提出看法和建议。     

采用"二次剪球"法处理堵管事故的实践

在灌注桩施工过程中,常遇见有堵管事故发生,若能及时采用“二次剪球”法进行孔内接桩,就能稳妥地解决灌注桩施工中遇到的堵管事故。使工程保质保量,顺利完成。     

渤海埕北海域风暴潮多年一遇极值增水的数值计算

利用一个二维正压浅海模型和大小区嵌套式的计算格式,对埕北海域及其附近连续20a的风暴潮进行了数值模拟,并获得了与实测值较为一致的结果.在此基础上对该海区的风暴潮极值增水做出了多年一遇的长期预测.     

珠江三角洲城镇建筑覆盖近期变化研究

基于遥感与地理信息系统技术,从1988年与1998年两个时期研究区域的TM卫星影像提取各城镇的实际建筑覆盖区面积等专题信息,并利用Arc/Info802建立珠江三角洲乡镇级空间数据库。在此基础上重点对珠江三角洲城镇建筑覆盖近期变化的空间扩展特性,并就企业、交通设施、人口、区域经济与行政体制等驱动因子进行了初步综合分析。研究表明20世纪末珠江三角洲城镇建筑覆盖总体圈层格局相对稳定,核心增长与交通指向扩展非常显著,城镇建筑覆盖区增长总量与增长速率空间分布不一致,城镇扩展强度指数空间分布也显示出核心增长与交通轴向增长显著的特征     

ADCP application for long-term monitoring of coastal water

Three kind of application of ADCP is reported for long-term monitoring in coastal sea. (1)The routine monitoring of water qualities. The water quality and ADCP echo data (600 kHz) observed in the long-term are analgzed at MT (Marine Tower) Station of Kansai International Airport in the Osaka Bay, Japan. The correlation between the turbidity and echo intensity in the surface layer is not good because air bubbles generated by breaking wave are not detected by the turbidity meter, but detected well by ADCP. When estimating the turbidity consists ofplankrton population from echo intensity, the effect of bubbles have to be eliminated. (2) Monitoring stirring up of bottom sediment. The special observation was carried out by using following two ADCP in the Osaka Bay, One ADCP was installed upward on the sea. The other ADCP was hanged downward at the gate type stand about 3 m above from the bottom. At the spring tide, high echo intensities indicating the stirring up of bottom sediment were observed. (3) The monitoring for the boundary condition of water mixing at an estuary. In summer season, the ADCP was set at the mouth of Tanabe Bay in Wakayama Prefecture, Japan. During the observation, water temperature near the bottom showed remarkable falls with interval of about 5～7d. When the bottom temperature fell, the inflow current with low echo intensity water appears at the bottom layer in the ADCP record. It is concluded that when occasional weak northeast wind makes weak coastal upwelling at the mouth of the bay, the combination ofupwelling with internal tidal flow causes remarkable water exchange and dispels the red tide.