地质雷达探测工程的几个问题

地质雷达（GPR）探测技术在浅层地质勘探领域广泛应用，并取得较好的应用效果。文章针对消除干扰的方法、关于防空洞探测、关于公路路面检测和隧道衬砌质量检测、地下岩溶探测等内容进行了探讨。     

Simushir earthquakes and tsunami of November 15, 2006, and January 13, 2007

The earthquakes and tsunami on November 15, 2006 and January 13, 2007, near Simushir Island are described. Long-term and short-term precursors of the phenomena are discussed. A joint analysis of the seismological and geodetic data provided reliable interpretation of the source mechanisms of the earthquakes. The actions of the tsunami warning personnel are analyzed. Extensive experimental data on the tsunami occurrence at different sites of the Pacific Ocean are presented. The tsunami of November 15, 2006, was numerically modeled using coseismic vertical displacements of the ocean bottom calculated from GPS data. The observed and calculated data on the maximal tsunami run up are compared.     

考虑高程系统差的桥梁GPS高程拟合模型

本文研究利用GPS和两岸水准观测资料统一大跨度桥梁工程高程系统的方法,通过引入两岸高程系统差参数,改进了经典的多项式拟合模型,并且对解算的高程系统差参数进行了显著性检验。文中以苏通大桥GPS控制网与水准测量数据为例进行了验算,说明了该方法的可行性。     

2013年6月7日浙江省中北部暴雨过程诊断分析

利用欧洲中期预报中心(ECMWF)ERA Interim全球再分析资料（0.75°×0.75°）对2013年6月7日发生在浙江省中北部的暴雨过程进行了相关诊断分析。结果表明：这次暴雨是在高空短波小槽东移加深,底层西南涡东移发展的形势下发生的,同时浙江中北部暴雨区位于高低空急流耦合带;暴雨发生前700 hPa以下蕴含有大量的不稳定能量,随着西南涡的靠近而触发不稳定能量释放;对大气变量物理分解的环境场分析发现此次区域性暴雨过程具有一定的背景环境支持,同时在瞬变扰动场的异常下而诱发了暴雨,暴雨落区位于850 hPa扰动暖切辐合线上。     

A multifunctional HTDMA system with a robust temperature control

The hygroscopicity of atmospheric aerosols significantly influences their size distribution, cloud condensation nuclei ability, atmospheric residence time, and climate forcing. In order to investigate the hygroscopic behavior of aerosol particles and serious haze in China, a Hygroscopic Tandem Differential Mobility Analyzers (HTDMA) system was designed and constructed at Fudan University. It can function as a scanning mobility particle sizing system to measure particle size distribution in the range of 20--1000 nm in diameter, as well as a hygroscopicity analyzer for aerosol particles with diameters between 20--400 nm in the range of 20%--90% RH (relative humidity). It can also measure the effect of uptake of inorganic acids or semi-VOCs on the hygroscopic behavior of aerosols, such as typical inorganic salts in atmospheric dust or their mixtures. The performance tests show that the system measured particle size of the standard polystyrene latex spheres (PSLs) is 197 nm, which is in excellent agreement with the certified diameter D=199±6 nm, as well as a standard deviation of the repeated runs SD=8.9x10up>-4up>. In addition, the measured hygroscopic growth factors of the model compounds, (NH₄)₂SO₄ and NaNO₃, agree with the Kohler theoretical curves. The results indicate that the HTDMA system is an excellent and powerful tool for studying the hygroscopic behavior of submicron aerosols and meets the demand required for laboratory research and fieldwork on atmospheric aerosols in China.     

NUMERICAL INVESTIGATION ON SETTING UP THE OBSERVATIONAL STATION IN HEIFE(SUMMER)

Using a modified numerical model with higher resolution both horizontal and vertical directions,the surface fluxesof the sensible and latent heat in the HEIFE(Heihe Field Experiment)region were diagnosed.Based on statistical analy-sis for the diagnostic fluxes,the representativeness and location of observational stations in the HEIFE region were inves-tigated,a concrete scheme for setting up the observational stations in the HEIFE region with different underlying sur-faces are obtained and the general principle of choosing the locations of observational stations with betterrepresentativeness is proposed.     

SL 3型双翻斗雨量传感器翻斗协调性误差分析

通过对SL-3型双翻斗雨量传感器进行模拟降水试验,分析上翻斗与计量翻斗翻动协调性带来的降水测量误差。模拟试验初步表明:当上翻斗最大承水量不合理,计量翻斗最大承水量合理时,会使翻斗翻动不协调,降水损失增加,导致实测降水偏小,如在雨强1mm/min,当上翻斗右斗最大承水量偏小0.4mL时,实测降水误差为-4%;当上翻斗最大承水量合理,计量翻斗最大承水量不合理时,计量翻斗最大承水量不合理程度对降水测量准确度影响较大,如同样在雨强1 mm/min,计量翻斗左斗最大承水量合理,当计量翻斗右斗最大承水量偏小0.4mL,实测降水误差为+11%,测量误差明显大;并且不是上翻斗(或计量翻斗)最大承水量调节合理就一定会使测量误差小,而是上翻斗与计量翻斗的协调性好才会使测量误差小。上翻斗的增加不能完全解决单翻斗雨量计因降水强度大小不同引起的测量误差,但明显缩小了不同雨强下降水测量误差偏差。提出利用虹吸原理装置代替上翻斗,减少人为调节因素的干扰,提高测量准确度。     

自动捡拾P波到时综合方法的选取与探讨

快速、准确以及可靠的震相自动识别,不仅可为政府震后决策提供快速可靠的地震信息,还对减轻地震灾害损失和提高公众对政府可信度具有较大价值。以云南强震动台网实际观测记录为基础,选取了2008年至2017年期间震级在M5.0至M7.0间共计20余次地震事件,借鉴国内外P波震相自动拾取的相关研究,用最常用的长短时平均STA/LTA结合AIC准则综合捡拾法和长短时平均STA/LTA结合BIC准则综合捡拾法这两种不同的综合分析方法,将涵盖了云南盈江、腾冲、彝良、洱源和景谷等地震多发区域的记录P波到时捡拾,并对捡拾准确度、可靠度以及相应速率进行对比探讨。统计分析结果表明:在精确捡拾部分中,相比AIC准则,BIC准则的构架与算法更加灵活简单,且其抗干扰信号能力强,能有效避免干扰信号引起的误触发,可在漏捡拾与误捡拾之间寻求最佳平衡,对地震数据实现快速有效的实时处理,更利于云南省内地震预警发展。     

广州地铁三号线大-沥盾构区间桩基加固处理

详细介绍了广州地铁三号线大塘站—沥滘站区间盾构隧道施工中房屋桩基加固处理方案——桩基托换、筏基加固和顶升。尤其对桩基托换，从托换原理、受力分析、计算方法、关键工作和技术措施等方面作了重点阐述。     

基于过程模型的河北平原冬小麦产量和蒸散量模拟

本文结合作物参数的遥感信息反演和气象要素的空间尺度扩展方法 ,建立以GIS背景数据库为支撑的冬小麦生长模型 ,研究河北平原农田生态系统生物量和蒸散量的区域分布特征。结果显示 ,河北平原 1990年高产区主要集中在保定中南部、石家庄中部、邢台中部和邯郸东部的南北条带上 ,单产在 6 0 0 0～ 84 0 0kghm- 2 之间 ,廊坊东部、沧州大部分、衡水中部、邢台东部和西部太行山区等是低产区 ,单产低于 30 0 0kghm- 2 。总体而言 ,该地区实际产量与光温生产潜力对比仍有较大差距。在冬小麦生长期 ,蒸散量主要在 30 0～ 5 0 0mm之间 ,水分利用效率低于2 0kghm- 2 mm- 1,其中小于 8kghm- 2 mm- 1的概率分布占 4 2 %左右。农业水资源不足 ,水分利用效率低 ,是该地区冬小麦生产面临的严重问题。