Application of a Bayesian model to infer the contribution of coalbed natural gas produced water to the Powder River,Wyoming and Montana

The Powder River Basin (PRB) of Wyoming and Montana contains significant coal and coal bed natural gas (CBNG) resources. CBNG extraction requires the production of large volumes of water, much of which is discharged into existing drainages. Compared to surface waters, the CBNG produced water is high in sodium relative to calcium and magnesium, elevating the sodium adsorption ratio (SAR). To mitigate the possible impact this produced water may have on the quality of surface water used for irrigation, the State of Montana passed water anti‐degradation legislation, which could affect CBNG production in Wyoming. In this study, we sought to determine the proportion of CBNG produced water discharged to tributaries that reaches the Powder River by implementing a four end‐member mixing model within a Bayesian statistical framework. The model accounts for the ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr, δ¹³C_DIC, [Sr] and [DIC] of CBNG produced water and surface water interacting with the three primary lithologies exposed in the PRB. The model estimates the relative contribution of the end members to the river water, while incorporating uncertainty associated with measurement and process error. Model results confirm that both of the tributaries associated with high CBNG activity are mostly composed of CBNG produced water (70–100%). The model indicates that up to 50% of the Powder River is composed of CBNG produced water downstream from the CBNG tributaries, decreasing with distance by dilution from non‐CBNG impacted tributaries from the point sources to ~10–20% at the Montana border. This amount of CBNG produced water does not significantly affect the SAR or electrical conductivity of the Powder River in Montana. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

几种不对称变色酸双偶氮胂类显色剂与钍的显色反应

本文较详细地研究了6种不对称变色酸双偶氮胂类显色剂与Th的显色反应,并对各自与Th形成络合物的条件和主要干扰离子的允许量、灵敏度等方面做了比较,以求推荐出优于偶氮胂Ⅲ,并适于不同成分样品特点的有效显色剂,供有关分析部门测定Th时参考选用。     

钛酸镧烧结物中游离氧化镧的测定

本文研究了La(Ⅲ)与甲基百里酚蓝和溴化十六烷基吡啶在pH7.8—11.0的NH_4OH-NH_4Cl介质中生成紫色络合物的显色反应,λ_(max)=628nm,ε=8.1×10~4,La量在0—90μg/25ml范围内遵循比尔定律,烧结物中一些常见的离子不干扰测定。本法用于烧结物中游离氧化镧的测定,结果满意。     

混合表面活性剂存在下镓与O—Cl—PF显色反应的研究

本文研究了在pH 6.5-7.8的(CH_2)_6N_4-HCl缓冲介质中,CDMAA和TritonX-100对Ga与o-Cl-PF和F~-显色反应的增敏作用。结果表明,Ga-o-Cl-PF-F-CDMAA-TritonX-100多元配合物λ_(max)为565nm,表观摩尔吸光系数ε=1.74×10~5L·mol~(-1)·Cm~(-1),Ga含量在0～6.0μg/25ml范围内符合比尔定律,用合成样和标样进行本方法考验,结果满意。     

钴—5—Br—PADNm络合物的光度性质研究及其应用

本文研究了钴(Ⅱ)-5-Br-PADNm络合物的光度性质。在pH5.0缓冲溶液中,有TritonX-100存在时,Co~(2 )与5-Br-PADNm形成1:2红色络合物,λ_(max)为547nm,ε为1.35×10~5l·mol~(-1)·cm~(-1)。所提出的方法用于矿石及茶叶中Co的测定,得到满意结果。     

泡沫塑料吸附测金中无臭灰化技术的改进

根据泡沫塑料(简称泡塑)吸附测金的无臭灰化技术的机理,作者采用了3ml圆底瓷坩埚灰化,解决了大批量佯品的灰化问题和电极装样困难的问题,并节省了灰化用的滤纸。     

云南省潜在震源区综合统计判定之一

本文将云南省地震局多年来积累的关于中强震发生的地质构造、地貌、地球物理场、地形变等特征基础资料,用于Cora-3算法的模式识别,得出云南省潜在震源区的背景指标,结果是比较理想的。“投票”结果表明,80%的学习集D类对象仍被识别为D类,85%的学习集N类对象仍被识别为N类,控制试验的结果也表明识别结果是比较稳定和可靠的。     

The application of uranium series disequilibrium concepts to sediment yield determination

The determination of uranium series disequilibria in fluvial environments is proposed as a method of calculating catchment mass balances. The technique is based on two main principles. Firstly, ²³⁴U is more mobile than ²³⁸U, especially during the early stages of weathering. Secondly, uranium is far more mobile than either thorium or protactinium. Consequently, teaching during weathering results in the loss of the uranium found in the fresh rock, leaving the two immobile daughters behind. The ratio of uranium carried by sediment to that dissolved, U_S/U_W can, therefore, be determined from river water and sediment isotopic activity ratios. Fluxes of uranium can then be calculated from average concentrations in the water and the associated sediment, from which a sediment yield can be inferred. The Witham catchment in Lincolnshire has been used to test the proposed method. A U_S/U_W ratio of between 5 and 7 is determined and a sediment yield of 2.51 ± 2.12 tonnes yr^?1 km^?2 is proposed. Although some problems concerning environmental chemistry have arisen, the validity of the approach is confirmed by the close correspondence between the results obtained and those inferred by earlier workers using more conventional methods.     

均匀离散分布的平面应变过程和Fry法应变测量

本文运用 Apple Macitonsh 计算机对无应变的均匀离散点分布进行系列平面应变模拟,应变叠加模式分别采用具普遍意义的成岩压实+顺层缩短(LPS)+压溶作用和成岩压实+简单剪切+压溶作用。对各应变阶段的变形点分布进行相应的 Fry 法应变测量,并配合低变形砂岩样品的 Fry 法应变分析实例.证实 Fry 法应变测量方法为一非常有用的应变测量方法,其结果不仅能较好地揭示全岩总应变特征,而且能揭示出许多应变叠加的信息,Fry 法揭示的全岩有限应变椭球主面的方位也较为真实可靠。而 Fry 法运用于应变分布不均匀的劈理化岩石中时,能揭示不同变形域的应变特征,从而达到应变分解的目的。