DNA barcode assessment of Ceramiales (Rhodophyta) in the intertidal zone of the northwestern Yellow Sea

A total of 142 specimens of Ceramiales(Rhodophyta) were collected each month from October 2011 to November 2012 in the intertidal zone of the northwestern Yellow Sea. These specimens covered 21 species,14 genera,and four families. Cluster analyses show that the specimens had a high diversity for the three DNA markers,namely,partial large subunit r RNA gene(LSU),universal plastid amplicon(UPA),and partial mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene(COI). No intraspecific divergence was found in our collection for these markers,except for a 1–3 bp divergence in the COI of Ceramium kondoi,Symphyocladia latiuscula,and Neosiphonia japonica. Because short DNA markers were used,the phylogenetic relationships of higher taxonomic levels were hard to evaluate with poor branch support. More than half species of our collection failed to find their matched sequences owing to shortage information of DNA barcodes for macroalgae in Gen Bank or BOLD(Barcode of Life Data) Systems. Three specimens were presumed as H eterosiphonia crispella by cluster analyses on DNA barcodes assisted by morphological identification,which was the first record in the investigated area,implying that it might be a cryptic or invasive species in the coastal area of northwestern Yellow Sea. In the neighbor-joining trees of all three DNA markers,H eterosiphonia japonica converged with D asya spp. and was distant from the other Heterosiphonia spp.,implying that H. japonica had affinities to the genus Dasya. The LSU and UPA markers amplified and sequenced easier than the COI marker across the Ceramiales species,but the COI had a higher ability to discriminate between species.     

顾及出租车OD点分布密度的空间Voronoi剖分算法及OD流可视化分析

为对城市各区域出租车OD轨迹流进行可视化分析,需对城市作空间剖分处理,以产生研究所需的子区域。传统的欧氏距离空间剖分方法,在空间上进行硬性切割不能有效地顾及城市人、物的时空流动模式,因此,本文提出了一种空间约束条件下,顾及出租车OD点分布密度的网络Voronoi剖分方法。首先,将道路网的边细分成线性单元,然后,设定空间约束以产生合适的发生元,让各发生元在路网上以线性单元为单位扩散步长,以不同的速度向周围联通道路进行扩散,最终将城市空间划分成一系列与出租车OD点分布密度相适应的空间子区域。利用OD流可视化理论与技术,基于划分的城市子区域分析出租车在这些区域的时空流动,并结合图论知识探究城市空间OD流拓扑图结构的变化,分析不同划分区域出租车流动模式。最后,通过北京地区一天的出租车轨迹数据,对本文提出的算法及分析方法进行了实验。     

省域主体功能区划的理论基础与方法

依据国家"十一五"规划纲要提出的主体功能区划的理念和科学发展观的要求,分析了各类主体功能区的基本特征、省域主体功能区划的前提及基本地域单元的确定.从现有开发密度、资源环境承栽力、发展潜力等方面入手,设计评价指标体系,提出现有开发密度评价法、状态空间法、相对资源环境承栽力和发展潜力模型作为省域功能区划的评价方法.在综合分析评价的基础上,实现对主体功能区进行科学功能定位,从而逐步形成主体功能清晰、发展导向明确、开发秩序规范、开发强度适当,人口、经济、资源环境相协调的空间开发格局.     

我国旅游资源区划初探

旅游资源区划的理论难点是旅游资源的特性与区划本身要求的树立。文章在解决这一矛盾的基础上,从旅游氛围（包括自然旅游氛围和人文旅游氛围０角度将我国旅游资源分成１０个大区,并从旅游氛围角度阐述了各区的基本特性特征,从而有可能使我国旅游资源区划仍至旅游区划的研究建立在比较科学的基础上,使划分出来的区界具有相对的统一性,而避免上前同类研究中过大的随意性。     

珠江三角洲工业地域分工研究

本文从专业化部门的数量和发展水平以及专业化部门地区分布和组合两方面揭示珠江三角洲工业地域分工的基本特点。指出新形势下虽然不少县市存在专业化部门多而不精，工业结构趋同的问题，但珠江三角洲地域分工格局已开始形成。文章还讨论了形成工业地域分工特点的原因并提出了完善地域分工的措施。     

海表面温度时空变异特征及对验证误差影响

海洋要素的变化存在明显的区域性和季节性的变化特性,本文选择海洋要素中最为突出的海表面温度(SST)要素作为主要分析参数,设计时空变异参数的计算指标,分析时空变异对验证误差影响的关系,通过研究及试验的数据精度验证,证明了时空变异是造成误差的直接原因之一。强烈的时空属性变异,在验证过程中会引入很大的验证误差,处于不同变异等级区划的数据,其验证结果相对误差可达13.08%,变异越剧烈的区域,精度验证效果越差,验证误差就越大,这些误差并非完全是遥感产品的误差,验证结果不具有代表性,不能真实的反映遥感产品的误差特征。对于SST等海洋遥感产品验证时,需要考虑时空变异对验证误差的影响和贡献,合理选择验证试验区域、代表性的评价数据集和科学的评价方法。     

Modeling spatial and temporal change of soil erosion based on multi-temporal remotely sensed data

In order to monitor the pattern, distribution, and trend of land use/cover change (LUCC) and its impacts on soil erosion, it is highly appropriate to adopt Remote Sensing (RS) data and Geographic Information System (GIS) to analyze, assess, simulate, and predict the spatial and temporal evolution dynamics. In this paper, multi-temporal Landsat TM/ETM+ remotely sensed data are used to generate land cover maps by image classification, and the Cellular Automata Markov (CA_Markov) model is employed to simulate the evolution and trend of landscape pattern change. Furthermore, the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) is used to evaluate the situation of soil erosion in the case study mining area. The trend of soil erosion is analyzed according to total/average amount of soil erosion, and the rainfall (R), cover management (C), and support practice (P) factors in RUSLE relevant to soil erosion are determined. The change trends of soil erosion and the relationship between land cover types and soil erosion amount are analyzed. The results demonstrate that the CA_Markov model is suitable to simulate and predict LUCC trends with good efficiency and accuracy, and RUSLE can calculate the total soil erosion effectively. In the study area, there was minimal erosion grade and this is expected to continue to decline in the next few years, according to our prediction results.     

皖中泥质岩工程性质探讨

历来对半胶结泥质岩风化等级划分都带有许多主观性,从而影响提承载力,有的规范要求可不对半胶结岩石进行风化程度划分,但有时要对这些岩石进行工程地质细分,从而准确确定各分层的承载力与摩阻力。统计了合肥、六安、淮南、安庆地区等大量实践资料,用标准贯入击数、重型圆锥触探实验击数等原位测试手段来划分泥质岩风化等级,并对泥质岩的承载力与摩阻力等工程地质性质做出了评价。     

近45 a东北地区春季降水异常的气候特征

利用1959-2003年我国东北地区93站春季降水资料，将降水场分成5个区域，并在此基础之上分析了春季降水的时空变化特征，发现：降水量年际变化及长期趋势有明显的区域差异，呈东多西少的分布特征；西部是旱涝易发生区，近45a来降水量略有增多；降水量的周期振荡存在明显的区域差异。     

湘西北慈利大庸地区上震旦统—下寒武统沉积特征及层序地层划分

通过对各类层序界面的识别,以沉积特征、副层序和体系域与结构转换面等层序分析,进行露头层序地层学研究,将湘西北慈利大庸地区台缘斜坡相区上震旦统-下寒武统划分为11个Ⅲ级层序,其中上震旦统7个、下寒武统4个,主要是Ⅱ型层序。在区域层序地层对比、分析的基础上初步讨论了露头层序地层分析中存在的问题。