流体包裹体成分物理化学参数的NET2.0C#语言计算程序

根据地球化学热力学原理,利用流体包裹体成分测试数据和有关热力学原理,在原有基础上采用NET2.0 C#语言进行修编,编制成目前切实可行的计算机处理程序——矿物包裹体成分、物理化学参数的计算程序.其目的是方便广大地质工作者将这些参数用于地质找矿和科学研究中.     

沉积物粒度分析方法的比较

近年来激光粒度分析法在沉积物粒度分析方面的应用得到了进一步扩展。本文利用美国麦克奇公司生产的S3500型激光粒度分析仪开展沉积物粒度分析方法实验,研究表明:S3500型仪器较优的样品用量约为0.2 g;稀释过程会影响样品的粒度分布;样品分取方式会带来不同的随机误差。与薄片图像法和筛析法两种传统粒度分析方法获得的粒度分布参数比较表明:激光法测得的平均粒径较薄片图像法和筛析法偏细;激光法和筛析法的峰度相关性较好。采用Malvern 2000和Micro S3500两种激光粒度分析仪测量结果的比较表明:Malvern 2000测得的平均粒径较Micro S3500测得的平均粒径偏细,但二者的相关性很好(r=0.9574),研究认为这两种粒度仪的测试结果会给岩石粒度定名带来差异。由于各种粒度分析方法存在差异和局限性,在实际工作中粒度分析应尽可能建立在同一测量体系上,以便资料对比。     

Optimum design of stone column-improved soft soil using multiobjective optimization technique

A combined simulation–optimization-based methodology is proposed to identify the optimal design parameters for granular bed–stone column-improved soft soil. The methodology combines a finite difference-based simulation model and an evolutionary multiobjective optimization model. A combined simulation–optimization methodology is developed for two different formulations: (a) the minimization of maximum settlement and the minimization of differential settlement subject to stress constraints; (b) the minimization of maximum settlement, the minimization of differential settlement and the maximization of the degree of consolidation subject to stress constraints. The developed methodology is applied to an illustrative system. Different scenarios are evaluated to examine critical field conditions. The solution results show that the modular ratio and the ultimate stress carrying capacity of the stone column are the most important parameters for optimal design. The obtained results also show the potential applicability of the developed methodology.     

金刚石定位排布钻头设计

对孕镶金刚石钻头中的金刚石定位排布方式和参数进行了分析,设计、制造出40/45目和50/60目金刚石定位排布钻头。在广西横县孟村矿区的钻进试验中,40/45目金刚石钻头的寿命是普通钻头的1.84倍;50/60目金刚石钻头的寿命是普通钻头的2.74倍,时效提高19.7%。     

Kirchhoff叠前时间偏移关键参数分析与研究

叠前时间偏移已经成为地震资料处理的常规手段之一,在构造复杂但速度横向变化不大时,应用克希霍夫叠前时间偏移方法,一般可以得到较好的成像效果。但是叠前时间偏移是一项系统工程,一些配套技术的选取和一些关键参数的选取,直接影响到成像结果。这里根据O-MEGA2处理系统制定的叠前时间偏移的处理方法和流程,对叠前时间偏移处理的配套技术和关键参数（叠前道集偏移距分组、偏移孔径和倾角选取、均方根速度建模、旅行时算法）进行了分析总结,结合试验程序进行了研究和讨论,并提出了关键参数选取的基本原则,对实际处理工作具有一定的应用价值。     

Evolution and sedimentology of a channel fill in the sandy braided South Saskatchewan River and its comparison to the deposits of an adjacent compound bar

The depositional stratigraphy of within‐channel deposits in sandy braided rivers is dominated by a variety of barforms (both singular ‘unit’ bars and complex ‘compound’ bars), as well as the infill of individual channels (herein termed ‘channel fills’). The deposits of bars and channel fills define the key components of facies models for braided rivers and their within‐channel heterogeneity, knowledge of which is important for reservoir characterization. However, few studies have sought to address the question of whether the deposits of bars and channel fills can be readily differentiated from each other. This paper presents the first quantitative study to achieve this aim, using aerial images of an evolving modern sandy braided river and geophysical imaging of its subsurface deposits. Aerial photographs taken between 2000 and 2004 document the abandonment and fill of a 1·3 km long, 80 m wide anabranch channel in the sandy braided South Saskatchewan River, Canada. Upstream river regulation traps the majority of very fine sediment and there is little clay (< 1%) in the bed sediments. Channel abandonment was initiated by a series of unit bars that stalled and progressively blocked the anabranch entrance, together with dune deposition and stacking at the anabranch entrance and exit. Complete channel abandonment and subsequent fill of up to 3 m of sediment took approximately two years. Thirteen kilometres of ground‐penetrating radar surveys, coupled with 18 cores, were obtained over the channel fill and an adjacent 750 m long, 400 m wide, compound bar, enabling a quantitative analysis of the channel and bar deposits. Results show that, in terms of grain‐size trends, facies proportions and scale of deposits, there are only subtle differences between the channel fill and bar deposits which, therefore, renders them indistinguishable. Thus, it may be inappropriate to assign different geometric and sedimentological attributes to channel fill and bar facies in object‐based models of sandy braided river alluvial architecture.     

水平井开发储层地质建模

水平井的开发技术关键之一是建立油气藏的精细三雏地质模型,据此可以确定明确的地质目标.常规的储层地质建模忽视了水平井与地层在空间上的独特配置关系,无法体现和充分利用其在表征储层属性空间展布特征上的优势.这里着重讲述了针对水平井开发的储层地质建模,引入了水平井储层概念模型,探讨了平面单元网格划分模式,并以塔河1区三叠系下油...     

Direct PCR amplification of the 16S rRNA gene from single microbial cells isolated from an Antarctic iceberg using laser microdissection microscopy

Here, we describe a technique that allows the genetic linage analysis of 16S rRNA genes in bacteria observed under a microscope. The technique includes the isolation of microbial cells using a laser microdissection microscope, lysis of the cells, and amplification of the 16S rRNA genes in the isolated cells without interference by bacterial DNA contamination from the experimental environment or reagents. Using this technique, we successfully determined 15 16S rRNA gene sequences in cells isolated from an Antarctic iceberg. These sequences showed 94%–100% identity to their closest strains, which included bacteria that occur in aqueous, marine, and soil environments.     

页岩气含气量和页岩气地质评价综述

页岩气为源岩区油气聚集,属于源岩滞留气,以游离和吸附状态为主存在。富有机质页岩含气量是页岩气资源评价和有利区优选的关键参数。页岩有机质含量和地层的压力、温度、湿度等因素影响页岩的含气量。含气量的确定方法主要有解吸和测井方法。开展页岩气地质评价,除含气量参数外,还要研究地层和构造特征、岩石和矿物成分、储层厚度和埋深、储集空间类型、储集物性、岩石力学参数、有机地球化学参数、区域现今应力场特征、流体压力、储层温度、流体饱和度、流体性质等其它参数。发展有效的系统集成方法,综合分析、评价页岩气资源潜力和预测有利区,目前也在不断探索之中。     

对国有地勘单位人力资源管理的对策建议

近年来,国有地勘单位在改革发展中,人力资源管理方面普遍存在职工观念滞后、冗员较多、员工积极性不高、人才流失等问题。以总局管理下的某地勘单位为例,对国有地勘单位人力资源现状及存在的主要问题进行了梳理,总结提出了在当前环境下加强人力资源管理的对策及建议：强化人力资源管理意识,营造适宜人才发展的良好氛围;完善用人机制,加大人力资本投入;实施人力资源综合发展战略,设计合理的人才培训计划;深入体制改革,激发员工创新的积极性。