Evaluation of building period formulas for seismic design

Building period formulas in seismic design code are evaluated with over 800 apparent building periods from 191 building stations and 67 earthquake events. The evaluation is carried out with the formulas in ASCE 7‐05 for steel and RC moment‐resisting frames, shear wall buildings, braced frames, and other structural types. Qualitative comparison of measured periods and periods calculated from the code formulas shows that the formula for steel moment‐resisting frames generally predicts well the lower bound of the measured periods for all building heights. But the differences between the periods from code formula and measured periods of low‐ to‐medium rise buildings are relatively high. In addition, the periods of essential buildings designed with the importance factor are about 40% shorter than the periods of non‐essential buildings. The code formula for RC moment‐resisting frames describes well the lower bound of measured periods. The formula for braced frames accurately predicts the lower bound periods of low‐to‐medium rise buildings. The formula for shear wall buildings overestimates periods for all building heights. For buildings that are classified as other structural types, the measured building periods can be much shorter than the periods calculated with the code formula. Based on these observations, it is suggested to use C_r factor of 0.015 for shear walls and other structural types. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

地质钻探过程状态监测App软件设计与应用

区域钻场数据监测对地质钻探过程的控制和决策具有重要意义。为解决当前大多数钻探过程状态监测系统存在的钻孔数据单一、数据互联不通以及缺乏远程便携式监测软件等问题,结合移动通信和互联网技术,开发一款基于Android的地质钻探过程状态监测App。该App整体采用模型-视图-演示器架构进行设计,具有实时监测、历史曲线趋势分析等一系列功能。在辽宁丹东3000 m科学钻探工程现场投入使用,取得了良好的状态监测效果。该App可实时获取钻进过程状态信息,并及时提醒专家进行操作调节与决策,为地质钻探施工提供很大的便利。     

基于同井双目的层地热勘探井井身结构设计与实践

河南WR-1地热勘探井设计有新近系馆陶组和奥陶系2个勘探目的层,需要各自进行成井和测试工作,馆陶组成井测试完成后需要继续钻进完成奥陶系成井。在井身结构设计时,从套管设计、固井结构等方面进行优化改进,解决了馆陶组成井管柱固井、钻孔与套管级配以及过滤器参数设计等问题,并通过实钻验证。本文主要介绍了该地热勘探井井身结构设计过程中需要考虑的重点要素、设计过程等,并结合实钻过程,对井身结构的设计进行了调整和优化,使其更具现场操作性,为其它类似同井双目的层地热勘探井工程提供理论和实践参考。     

盐穴能源储库氮气阻溶造腔气垫控制理论研究

盐穴具有良好的稳定性和密闭性,是储存天然气、石油、氢气等的理想场所。传统水溶造腔采用的油垫阻溶存在阻溶效果差、卤水油污重等问题,无法满足绿色矿山建设要求。气垫作为一种替代品备受关注,但因其起步较晚、控制难度大,加之我国复杂的盐层地质条件,阻碍着其推广应用。为此,首先分析了不同造腔阶段气垫控制特点,然后在对气-液界面处压力平衡分析的基础上提出了不同阶段气垫厚度预测及注气量计算方法,结合某井建槽期实例给出了建议气垫厚度及其波动范围,探明了气垫厚度和注气量随造腔推进的变化规律,最后探讨了气垫阻溶应用相关的关键问题。研究结果表明：建槽期及收顶期以气垫厚度控制为主,建腔期及腔体修复阶段则以气-液界面位置控制为主。建议建槽期平均气垫厚度不低于0.3 m,建槽期初期气垫厚度波动迅速,应设置较大的气垫厚度并及时补注氮气,随后气垫厚度波动趋于稳定,补气时间间隔可逐渐拉长。随造腔时间增加,单次补气量越来越大,累计补气量整体呈线性增长。造腔过程中井口气压及气-液界面处气垫压力先增加后线性减小,应实时监测井口气压变化。气垫阻溶与油垫阻溶成本相近但环境效益显著,可重复利用排出氮气及井口注气设施以节约成本。现场应...     

雄安牛驼镇地热田岩溶热储层地热深井井身结构优化设计

雄安新区牛驼镇地热田主要储层为岩溶热储型,地层破碎、裂隙发育,钻进时多失返性漏失。以往的开发主要集中于1800m以浅,岩溶热储段长为300-500m,裸眼段较短,钻进施工较简单。为了加强对深部地热资源的探测,满足雄安新区规划建设的需求,开展了深部地热资源调查工作,主要目的层为雾迷山组和高于庄组,其存在的难点主要有岩溶热储层裸眼段长、地层破碎、长段漏失、上部地层稳定性差等。本文根据深部热储勘探井施工过程中钻遇问题及难点分析,对岩溶热储层深井钻进关键技术进行总结,提出了优化建议,具有一定的参考意义。     

地下连续墙用方形锤头的设计及应用

方形锤头是地下连续墙成槽施工的重要钻具,本文简要介绍了一种新型地下连续墙方形锤头的结构设计、施工工法及应用情况。新型方形锤头整体框架采用焊接而成,结构合理,尺寸可根据用户需要优化调整,且具有导向性好、单位面积冲击功高、过水面积大和方便打捞等优点。锤头研制成功后,配合冲击反循环钻机,采用气举反循环工艺,先后在厦门、深圳等多个城市地铁工地施工,施工效率明显,取得了良好的经济效益和社会效益。新型方形锤头的研制成功,为地下连续墙成槽施工提供了一种更优的钻具选择。     

Ocean wave energy harvesting with a piezoelectric coupled buoy structure

An expedient piezoelectric coupled buoy energy harvester from ocean waves is developed. The harvester is made of several piezoelectric coupled cantilevers attached to a floating buoy structure, which can be easily suspended in the intermediate and deep ocean for energy harvesting. In the buoy structure, a slender cylindrical floater is attached on a large sinker. The energy harvesting process is realized by converting the transverse ocean wave energy to the electrical energy via the piezoelectric patches mounted on the cantilevers fixed on the buoy. A smart design of the buoy structure is developed to increase the energy harvesting efficiency by investigation of the effects of the sizes of the floater and the sinker. A numerical model is presented to calculate the generated electric power from buoy energy harvester. The research findings show that up to 24 W electric power can be generated by the proposed expedient buoy harvester with the length of the piezoelectric cantilevers of 1 m and the length of the buoy of 20 m. The technique proposed in this research can provide an expedient, feasible and stable energy supply from the floating buoy structure.     

气象云建设的研究与思考

气象云建设是气象信息化上新台阶的必由之路,加强气象云建设是气象现代化的重要内容之一。根据气象信息化的现状与需求,提出了气象云建设的四条原则,即满足各种气象业务服务和管理需求、有利于提高气象预报预测准确率、集约高效和数据共享的原则。在此基础上,提出了气象云的设计思路:气象云应包括云存储、云计算和云服务,云存储为云计算提供支撑,云存储、云计算为云服务提供支撑。最后,对气象云建设中的数据获取途径进行了概括:一是国外气象数据,二是国内气象观测数据,三是国内加工的产品。     

镇江市新一代暴雨强度公式研制及雨型设计

用镇江市1980—2013年连续34 a的降水观测资料,通过数据审核处理建立暴雨统计样本。对镇江市近34 a的暴雨特征进行统计分析,发现其存在较为显著的阶段性变化特征,具备开展新一代暴雨强度公式研制的必要。基于此,采用年最大值法展开修订,基于皮尔逊III型分布确定概率曲线并进行参数推求,研制了镇江市新一代暴雨强度公式。在此基础上,开展镇江市短历时暴雨雨型设计研究。统计发现:短历时暴雨以单峰型分布为主,其雨峰位置大部分出现在整个暴雨过程的前半段。进而采用芝加哥法雨型进行雨型设计,确定雨峰位置系数,得到镇江市短历时暴雨的雨型设计过程,短历时暴雨的瞬时雨强最高达5.9 mm/min,过程累计降水最高达105 mm。