海底电磁探测仪器的承压密封舱

在海底进行电磁场探测必须解决仪器的承压密封问题。密封舱的体重对海上投放作业的难易程度有直接影响。为协调设备安全与海上施工效率的一致性,对所研制的承压密封舱需进行合理设计,以较小的体积和重量实现所规定的承压指标。论述了海底电磁探测仪器的承压密封舱的可靠性设计方法、舱体内部的器件安装结构及海底测量过程,压力模拟试验表明所研制的承压密封舱已达到设计要求。     

区域人地系统的优化调控与可持续发展

区域人地系统的优化调控始终是现代地理学的重要任务,也是市场经济条件下中国实施可持续发展战略的理论基石。文章认为,区域人地系统优化调控的对象结构应从PRED系统改进为P_DR_DE_DE_DE_DS_D系统,人地系统优化调控的切入点与重点应坚持“以人为本”,而调控的重中之重应是人的意识建设,优化调控的目标点是追求和谐发展至上的目标。人地系统优化调控的动态机理在于模拟“人圈”与“地圈”的最佳距离,优化调控的空间结构包括核心区、发生区、支持区和作用区,各功能区相互竞争的结果形成区域定位与空间共生。协调优化和调控区域人地系统,不仅包括人地系统各要素之间以及各要素内部发展的动态协调与优化,而且包括区域之间人地系统的空间协调和优化,只有同时实现了区域之间人地系统的产业组织协调和空间组织协调,消除了区域盲目竞争与区域冲突,才能实现人地系统经济社会行为对空间区位的合理占据,才能真正实现区域之间的协调发展和空间共生。     

2000国家GPS大地控制网数据处理方法与结果

介绍了我国GPS大地控制网的基本情况,阐述了结合地壳运动观测网络工程建立全国统一的“2000国家GPS大地控制网”的意义,并介绍了整网平差中采用的技术方法和最后平差结果及精度。     

Incremental Growth of Plains-Type (Compactional) Folds in a Cratonic Environment as Revealed by the Sedimentary Sequence

The enigma of the origin and development of plains-type folds, as they were christened in the early 20th Century, essentially has been solved. The folds, a considerable distance from the tectonic disturbance, were formed by draping of sediments over differentially displaced Precambrian basement fault blocks. These Precambrian basement fault blocks controlled the location, size, and shape of the folds. Forces were transmitted through the rigid basement causing readjustment along the indigenous fracture/fault pattern formed much earlier. In the U.S. Midcontinent, the crystalline basement is overlain by a thin veneer of sediments, and once the structures were formed, they continued to develop as evidenced by features in the overlying sediments. As the stress was transmitted through the basement and then relaxed, the fault blocks moved differentially in concert to these outside forces. Sediment compaction and nondeposition over structural topographic highs reacted accordingly to form the features as seen today. To determine the structural history, structural closure on different horizons on the anticline is plotted in their appropriate stratigraphic position at depth. This gives a compaction line for each tectonically coherent segment. Similar segments show a relatively straightline with offsets at major unconformities indicating breaks in the continuum. It is at these breaks that the section can be stretched until the compaction line matches as a continuum with the resulting gap giving the approximate amount of missing section for that part of the rock column. Conversely, the amount of closure on a structure at depth for each line segment can be estimated by extrapolating downward in that segment. This technique to determine depth of burial and thus the amount of missing stratigraphic section from well data at numerous locations has been compared with estimates made by other methods and the results are similar. Where no other data are available or for quick estimates, then, it is proposed that this approach will give reasonable results and that the values can be used as a constraint in basin modeling.     

五台山区构造对铁矿的控制规律浅析

五台山区富含铁矿资源。区域构造以多期次运动叠加的褶皱为主,后期构造对前期构造进行了改造。构造外貌总体呈“之”字型展布。区域构造以及其次级构造对矿体（床）有明显的控制作用,表现为区域构造控制矿体（床）的分布,二级构造控制矿体（床）的形态,三级以下构造对矿体（床）起局部控制或改造作用。区域铁矿床亦受“之”字型的控制。     

海南岛抱板群岩石高温高压实验及金成矿机理探讨

高温高压实验岩石学是地质学、岩石学领域中的“硬科学”犤1999,王德滋,等犦。目前高温高压实验岩石学研究主要是针对单一岩石的熔化和融离实验,而针对多物源成因的花岗岩模拟其物源贡献大小的实验岩石学及同时发生的成矿作用研究基本上是一个空白。文章根据海南岛戈枕含金剪切带中元古代花岗岩的物源特征及与之有关的戈枕式金矿成因特点,通过高温高压实验岩石学模拟,初步探讨古中元古代抱板群岩石高温高压下的熔融行为及金的成矿机理。实验结果表明,具原地-半原地性质的中元古代花岗岩很可能是由6份(或4份)石英绢云母片岩+1份斜长角闪片麻岩、在压力为1.879～2.143GPa、温度849～901℃的条件下部分熔融形成的,部分熔融过程同时还发生了金的聚集和活化迁移。     

"01·8"海南岛特大暴雨的分析与讨论

对2001年8月27日至9月1日海南岛受热带风暴"菲特"的各个阶段影响而出现的特大暴雨过程进行了分析,结果发现,这次特大降水是由"菲特"的特征、路径以及海南岛的地形等因素造成了降水分布的时空不均匀。     

21世纪矿业应向后工业发展势态倾斜--适者生存和可持续发展

“后工业”（post-industry)是知识经济或曰“新经济”的发展时代。这个时代的自然资源和一般劳动力资源,包括矿产资源在国民经济和社会发展中的基础地位逐渐为知识产权、市场网络、信息、创新环境等后天获得性资源,以及为创新人才的新“认知”（recognized intellect,RI)所代替。然而,据矿产资源分布及其成矿既具有一定的全球统一性又有区域的特殊性,以及不同国家（地区）对矿产资源勘查程度的不均衡性,特别是矿业活动与其他产业性质的不同,如何能按不同国家（地区）的具体发展状况,做好21世纪矿业向“后工业”发展势态的倾斜,达到适者生存和矿业可持续发展的目标是当代探讨的重大问题。在概括阐述了21世纪矿业发展势态、矿业活动特点及其自然属性的基础上,提出了矿业可持续发展的地质勘查和矿业活动决策支持系统的模拟,以及对当前紧缺铜矿资源可持续发展的新“认知”。     

A UT1-Like Quantity from Analysis of GPS Orbit Planes

This paper discusses a UT1-like quantity, UTGPS, determined daily from Earth-referenced GPS satellite orbits from the International GPS Service (IGS). For each satellite considered, the observed relation between the satellite's IGS orbit and a model of its orbit plane in inertial space is used to estimate UT1. This modeled orbit plane is initialized using the satellite's IGS orbit and the actual UT1 at an initial time. It is then propagated using standard models of gravitational forces and an empirical model representing the orbit-normal radiation pressure observed during several years of in-flight experience with the satellite. To estimate UT1, an a-priori transformation from terrestrial to true-of-date celestial coordinates is applied to the satellite's IGS orbit. The geocentric angular deviations of points of the resulting transformed orbit from the modeled orbit plane are analyzed, giving the angle between the ascending nodes of the satellite's transformed and modeled orbit planes. To this observed angle between nodes, converted to a UT1 difference, is added the a-priori UT1 value used in the transformation. From the result is subtracted a model of the angle, again converted to a UT1 difference, between the ascending nodes of the actual and modeled orbit planes. The final result is the estimate of UT1 from this satellite, and the median of the UT1 estimates from all satellites considered is UTGPS. The root-mean-square difference between UTGPS-UT1 at the beginning and at the end of an interval of one to four weeks is approximately 30 s times the square root of the interval's duration in weeks.This revised version was published online in October 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

对华北一次特大台风暴雨过程的位涡诊断分析

通过对９６０８号台风低压及其外围暴雨位和等熵面上物理量场的分析,揭示了台风低压北上诱发暴雨过程的位涡场的结构及冷空气对暴雨增幅的作用,给出此次暴雨增幅过程的图像。分析表明：对流层低层中高纬度冷空气（高位涡）扩散南下在台风低压环流区附近的“侵入”作用是此次特大暴雨过程的最重要的原因之一;等熵面位涡的分析进一步说明了中高纬地区冷空气的活动状况;对流层高层或平流层低层位涡的下传有利于位势不稳定能量的释放