探地雷达在城市管线测量中的应用研究

探地雷达作为一种新的城市管线探测方法,在城市测量应用中逐步得到推广,通过使用LD9000型探地雷达对天津市部分区域进行综合管线探测和分析,阐述了探地雷达在城市管线测量中的应用原理和测量过程,得出有益建议。     

世博园区3维地下管线数据采集建模的探讨

着重介绍了为配合世博园区地下管线3维数据库建立,在世博园区采集地下管线3维数据的内容、方法,以及探讨了数据库建立选择的平台和方式。     

位山引黄灌区浅层地下水资源调控研究

在论述位山引黄灌区水资源基本特点和利用现状的基础上,分析了区域地表水供水系统和地下水供水系统供需平衡状况。研究表明,位山引黄灌区上、下游地区水资源极不均衡,上游地区水资源丰富,地下水未充分利用,下游地区水资源贫乏,地下水被过度开采。为解决区域水资源供需矛盾,文章提出了该灌区内要加强管理、统一调控地表和地下水资源,在灌区上、中、下游地区分别设立井灌区、井渠结合区、限制开采区。并对不同区域的渠灌、井灌要制定不同的经济负担政策。     

人体对未破壁花粉消化过程实验分析

花粉是一种营养价值极高的天然保健食品。人体食用花粉是否需要破壁,历来有争议。选用玉米、油菜、荷花、荞麦、芝麻、茶花花粉进行人体直接食用与模拟人体不同消化酶消化的对比实验。结果表明：花粉不需破壁即可被人体消化,消化率在90％以上,人体保健花粉的最佳用量为5g／d。     

Local Log-Law-of-the-Wall in Neutrally-Stratified Boundary-Layer Flows

It is well known that in a neutrally-stratified turbulent flow in a deep constant-stress layer above a flat surface,the horizontal mean velocity varies logarithmically with height (the so-called `log-law-of-the-wall').More recently, the same logarithmic law has also been foundin the presence of non-flat surfaces, where it governs thedynamics of the areally-averagedvelocity and involves renormalized effective parameters.Here, we analyze wind profiles over two-dimensional sinusoidal hillsobtained both from numerical simulations performed with a primitiveequation model and from wind-tunnel measurements. We showthat also the local velocity profiles behave to a verygood approximation logarithmically, for a distance from the surface of the order of the maximum hill height almost to the top of the boundary layer. Such alocal log-law-of-the-wall involves effective parameters smoothly depending on theposition along the underlying topography.This dependence looks very similar to the topography itself.     

墙面可能晴天太阳辐射小时总量的计算与分布

以卡斯特洛夫公式为理论基础,得到各朝向墙面可能晴天太阳总辐射和直接辐射小时总量的计算方案,计算了我国704个气象站各月代表日各个朝向墙面的逐时辐射值,分析其变化规律,并讨论了最大1h辐射量的全国分布。结果表明：南墙晴天最大1h辐射量随纬度升高而增大,而且在冬季其辐射量在各墙面中最大;东、西墙受纬度因素影响相对较小,在夏季其辐射量在各墙面中最大。     

真空预压淤泥搅拌墙气密性试验分析与应用技术

通过淤泥搅拌桩墙的抗渗试验、工艺试验和现场试验,从土-水特性关系分析了真空预压期淤泥搅拌桩墙的抗渗时效性、抗渗能力及墙体的抗渗厚度,得出了淤泥搅拌墙在大面积真空预压工程中的共用密封墙桩帽技术及长短桩墙相结合等应用技术,可有效地解决共用密封墙的沉陷开裂和周边密封墙气密性的持久有效性问题。通过对广州南沙港区陆域吹填地基84×104 m2真空预压软基处理工程的应用,从预压期孔隙水压力、水位及真空度分布与变化情况,分析了密封墙气密性及真空预压的加固效果,分析表明：真空预压处理软土地基时,采用优化不透水淤泥搅拌墙方案进行密封处理是可行的。在85 kPa膜下真空度的情况下,1 m厚渗透系数小于10-6 cm/s的淤泥搅拌墙满足气密性的持久性要求。     

土钉墙基坑支护中疏排桩抗滑效应研究

在软粘土地基基坑支护中,当基坑开挖深度较深时,土钉墙的最危险圆弧滑动面往往入土较深,很难满足工程设计需要,为此可采用疏排桩以满足其整体稳定性要求。从土的塑性理论出发,利用土拱效应原理,分析了作用于疏排桩上的土压力。利用桩土相互作用的原理,研究了疏排桩在土钉墙基坑支护中的抗滑效应,并在深基坑支护中得到实际工程的验证。     

隧道及地下工程围岩稳定性及可靠性分析的极限位移判别

隧道和地下空间工程的稳定性和可靠性评价的问题一直是岩土工程界关注的难点问题。针对隧道围岩-支护系统的稳定性、可靠性、安全性的问题,采用以隧道及地下工程围岩变形位移为判据的隧道及地下工程围岩稳定性分析方法,分析了隧道及地下工程围岩位移的极限状态,提出了隧道及地下工程围岩极限位移的确定方法和大变形隧道及地下工程围岩极限位移的分析方法。结合工程实例,建立了以DGM（2,1）模型和Verhulst模型为理论的隧道及地下工程围岩稳定性分析的位移预测预报方法;在此基础上,提出了隧道及地下工程围岩稳定性及可靠性位移判别准则。其研究和分析结果将有助于构建隧道及地下工程围岩稳定性分析的位移预测预报系统。     

Reinforcement analysis and design of mechanical roof bolting systems in horizontally bedded mine roofs

Summary In order to design roof bolting systems safely and economically, it is essential to understand the flexural behaviour of the immediate roof. Based on the strata sequence, the strata in the immediate roof are divided into three types. The flexural behaviour of the three strata types are investigated in terms of the following effects: roof span, horizontal stress, thickness and Young's modulus of the lowest strata.The suspension reinforcement mechanism is analysed using beam-column theory. The equations for the maximum bending stress, deflection and transferred bolt load for the bolted strata are derived. In the analysis, the bolt load is assumed to be a point load and a horizontal stress is uniformly applied to each stratum. The friction reinforcement mechanism is also investigated. The major function of roof bolting in this case is to create frictional resistance by tensioning the roof bolts so that the individual layers are combined into one single thick layer.A computer program and nomographs are developed for the determination of proper bolting pattern and bolt tension. It is hoped that this development can lead to maximum safety with minimum cost for the design of roof bolting systems in underground coal mines.