Finite element modeling of heating phenomena of cracks excited by high-intensity ultrasonic pulses

A three-dimensional thermo-mechanical coupled finite element model is built up to simulate the phenomena of dynamical contact and frictional heating of crack faces when the plate containing the crack is excited by high-intensity ultrasonic pulses. In the finite element model, the high-power ultrasonic transducer is modeled by using a piezoelectric thermal-analogy method, and the dynamical interaction between both crack faces is modeled using a contact-impact theory. In the simulations, the frictional heating taking place at the crack faces is quantitatively calculated by using finite element thermal-structural coupling analysis, especially, the influences of acoustic chaos to plate vibration and crack heating are calculated and analysed in detail. Meanwhile, the related ultrasonic infrared images are also obtained experimentally, and the theoretical simulation results are in agreement with that of the experiments. The results show that, by using the theoretical method, a good simulation of dynamic interaction and friction heating process of the crack faces under non-chaotic or chaotic sound excitation can be obtained.     

海涂围垦工程中悬挂式爆破挤淤基础处理技术探讨

沿海软土地基围涂工程中悬挂式爆破挤淤基础处理断面结构设计中遇到的最大难题是对腰宽的处理,腰宽太窄则工后沉降大,反之,则断面石方量增大,投资增加,因此,试图通过工程实例说明悬挂式爆破挤淤基础处理断面设计及工程实施过程中遇到的问题及对策措施。     

烟台市套子湾污水处理厂排海管道有关参数的确定

利用海洋处置城市污水是沿海地区一种把海洋水体的环境容量和自净能力用于环保的可行方法。烟台市套子湾污水处理厂1998年10月建成正式投入运转,日处理能力为25万m3,其污水排海管道工程是该厂重要组成部分,对污水排海管道的有关参数进行计算,可供沿海城市污水处理工程参考。     

Experimenta l study on ultrasonic propagation in water-based bentonite slurry

Drilling fluid is a common flushingmedium used in pile foundation, geological drilling and petroleum drilling. Study on ultrasonic propagation properties in drilling fluid is of vital importance, not only for developing equipments to non-contact measuring concrete casting level for bored pile, but also for developing equipments considering drilling fluid as signal channel. The existence of clay particlesmakes the ultrasonic propagation and attenuation in drilling fluid much different from pure water. In order to know the relation among ultrasound frequency, slurry density and depth, a series of laboratory experiments about ultrasound propagation in water-based bentonite slurry were finished. Wavelet method was adopted to process the gained original waves of ultrasonic propagation in slurry, so we knew the velocity and attenuation coefficient of ultrasound propagated in different drilling fluids with different density. The first group experiments shows that with density of drilling fluid increase, ultrasonic velocity will decrease but attenuation coefficient will increase if ultrasonic frequency keep constant. The second group experiments shows that the power of ultrasound will intensify in small bore hole, the attenuation coefficient ismuch smaller than theoretical value.     

Effects of vegetation and sewage load on mangrove crab condition using experimental mesocosms

Constructed wetlands, especially mangroves, have been studied for their usefulness in sewage treatment but the effects of mangrove vegetation and a sewage load on mangrove macrofauna have been given little attention. Ocypodid crabs are important components of mangrove forests and constitute good bioindicators of the functioning of the ecosystem as a whole. In constructed mangrove mesocosms, three vegetation treatments (bare substratum, and Avicennia marina and Rhizophora mucronata seedlings) were subjected to 0, 20, 60 and 100% sewage loads from a nearby hotel. The physiological condition of introduced Uca annulipes and Uca inversa was evaluated in terms of their RNA/DNA ratio after one, five and twelve months, and used as an indicator of ecological function in the system. Crab condition in 0% sewage load was similar to that of wild crabs throughout, suggesting no significant effects of the mesocosms on their RNA/DNA ratio. Overall, both species coped well with the administered sewage loads, suggesting good ecological function in the system. Both species manifested similar patterns in RNA/DNA ratio, being more affected by seasonal fluctuations than by sewage load and vegetation presence and type. Higher RNA/DNA ratios were recorded in the long compared to the short rainy season. Sewage enhanced crab condition in the bare substratum and R. mucronata treatments, especially after one year, probably as a result of enhanced food availability. Uca inversa may be more sensitive to sewage pollution than U. annulipes. In A. marina, no difference in crab condition was observed between sewage loads, and this mangrove yielded the best reduction in sewage impacts. Our results support the usefulness of constructed mangrove areas in sewage treatment, especially if planted with A. marina and inhabited by physiologically healthy ocypodid crabs to enhance the system's performance.     

Ultrasonic-assisted condensation of chitosan with salicylaldehyde

In order to synthesize an improved adsorbent for heavy metal ions, we studied the condensation reaction of chitosan with salicylaldehyde in ethanol to form a Schiff base. The effect irradiating the reaction using an ultrasonic liquid processor was contrasted with conventional methods. The IR spectra of condensed chitosan prepared by the two methods showed that their molecular structures were identical. The reaction conditions, including solvents, ultrasonic power density and irradiation time, pH, and reactant ratio, were optimized by orthogonal design. A shorter reaction time and a higher product yield were obtained using ultrasonic-assisted synthesis compared with the traditional method. A condensation degree of 89.63% was achieved using the optimized conditions: i.e. ultrasonic irradiation at 180 W for 60 min; 95% ethanol as the solvent, pH 4.0, and salicylaldehyde:chitosan ratio of 6:1.     

一种新方法——低渗诱导虾夷扇贝三倍体的研究

研究开发了1种多倍体诱导的新方法,采用低渗抑制受精卵第2极体(PB2)的释放诱导虾夷扇贝(Patinopecten yessoensis)三倍体.结果表明:以低渗盐度S=12,在第一个PB2出现时开始处理,持续处理20 min,诱导率可高达(84.74±3.82)%;三倍体处理组的幼虫比对照组具有明显的生长优势,但是幼虫存活率低于二倍体对照组.     

西安地裂缝场地勘察及受损建筑物的治理

结合地裂缝成因、性质及地质环境,提出了西安地裂缝场地勘察行之有效的方法,对拟建场地进行地裂缝监测,可预报地裂灾害。根据地裂缝对建筑物破坏的特点,结合地基处理技术提出了对受地裂缝影响建筑物治理的方法,对因土地紧张而需在地裂缝影响范围内建造的建筑物,从设计上考虑预纠偏方案作为预防措施     

对蓬安县三元水库大坝外坡裂缝产生的原因及整治工程的探讨

本文通过对蓬安县三元水库大坝外坡裂缝产生的原因分析，进而运用岩、土力学的理论与方法反算推论出了裂缝的产生不是深层坝体土滑动引起的，而是局部浅层坝体土在水的诱发作用下作蠕滑-拉裂变形所产生的。在明确了大坝裂缝产生的原因后，提出了一系列相应整治工程措施，以达到彻底根治裂缝和稳固大坝的目的。     

北京城郊近地层湍流实验观测

本文利用两台FA-11超声风速温度仪于1992年3月到４月间在北京325 m气象观测塔47 m和120 m两个高度观测到的风速三个正交分量以及声虚温的湍流脉动资料，计算和分析了北京城郊粗糙下垫面近地层湍流特征量及其日变化，无量纲垂直速度和声虚温的方差随稳定度的变化，风速分量和温度的归一化湍流能谱以及动量和热通量的互谱及其随稳定度的变化。并且与平坦均一下垫面近地层湍流观测的结果进行了对比。