Al hematites prepared by homogeneous precipitation of oxinates: material characterization and determination of the Morin transition

A novel method for synthesis of aluminium hematites, based upon the homogeneous precipitation of Fe and Al oxinates in various proportions, is presented. The precursor precipitates are heated in air at 700?°C. X-ray diffraction, thermal analyses, BET, FTIR, optical reflection analysis, TEM and Mössbauer spectroscopy at room temperature and 80?K of the resulting products indicate that single-phase hematites are formed with structural Al substitution of up to 10 at%. Interestingly, the particle size (>100?nm) is not substantially reduced by the Al content. Although it remains difficult to obtain a homogeneously distributed Al substitution in the final hematite, this processing line offers a unique opportunity to separate the effects of grain size and Al substitution on the Morin transition temperature (T _M) of Al hematite. From the comparison between the present hematites and a series of Al-substituted hematites with lepidocrocite as precursor, it could be shown that the effect on T _M, associated with a change of a factor 10 in grain size, is about 1/3 of the effect caused by a change of 10 in the degree of substitution. Finally, it is suggested that proper thermal treatments under different conditions of the same precursors are likely to produce spinel phases.     

Development of site-specific design ground motions in Western and Eastern North America

This paper presents results recently obtained for generating site-specific ground motions needed for design of critical facilities. The general approach followed in developing these ground motions using either deterministic or probabilistic criteria is specification of motions for rock outcrop or very firm soil conditions followed by adjustments for site-specific conditions. Central issues in this process include development of appropriate attenuation relations and their uncertainties, differences in expected motions between Western and Eastern North America, and incorporation of site-specific adjustments that maintain the same hazard level as the control motions, while incorporating uncertainties in local dynamic material properties. For tectonically active regions, such as the Western United States (WUS), sufficient strong motion data exist to constrain empirical attenuation relations for M up to about 7 and for distances greater than about 10–15 km. Motions for larger magnitudes and closer distances are largely driven by extrapolations of empirical relations and uncertainties need to be substantially increased for these cases.

For the Eastern United States (CEUS), due to the paucity of strong motion data for cratonic regions worldwide, estimation of strong ground motions for engineering design is based entirely on calibrated models. The models are usually calibrated and validated in the WUS where sufficient strong motion data are available and then recalibrated for applications to the CEUS. Recalibration generally entails revising parameters based on available CEUS ground motion data as well as indirect inferences through intensity observations. Known differences in model parameters such as crustal structure between WUS and CEUS are generally accommodated as well. These procedures are examined and discussed.     

西藏自治区的土壤理化特性探讨

通过对西藏自治区主要土壤类型的实地踏勘和采样分析,并结合全国土壤普查资料的结果进行分析,揭示了本区土壤具有4点特性:即多砾石性、砂质性、成土幼年性和低矿化的富有机质性。因此,在改良本区土壤时,应重视去石与防治沙漠化措施,加强矿质养分肥料的施用,稳定有机肥的投入。     

应县木塔地基工程地质勘测与分析

对山西应县木塔环境地质进行了研究,弄清了地层年代及存在的断层;通过样品分析、标准贯入及静探等方法试验、测试,得出了塔院区塔基土的工程物理性质和力学性质、承载力;用地学层析成像技术探测了木塔的基础结构及塔院地基的分层结构。     

高速公路下伏某煤矿采空区地质特征及注浆充填法治理研究

煤矿采空区是工程建设中不良地质条件之一，其地质特征评价和如何治理是两个关键问题。笔者结合高速公路建设中某采空区的治理实践，对这两方面进行了探索，对工程建筑中所遇各类采空区的地质特征评价及其治理方法有一定借鉴意义。     

覆盖区地球化学异常特征及甄别方法探讨

覆盖区地球化学异常是由自然和人为因素引起的，在土壤垂直剖面上元素有多种分布类型，它反映了元素在土壤中迁移、演化及人为干扰的分布特征；通过对自然和人为污染的地球化学异常源追踪和评价，为环境污染治理和地区经济可持续发展提供决策依据。     

声波扫描成像在灾害防治及环境保护中的应用

利用超声波扫描成像测井技术，在地质灾害的预防与环境保护中可以检测由于采矿而形成的冒落带、裂隙带、离层带、洞穴及软弱层的存在状况及部位，测定基岩风化蚀变程度及深度，在地质灾害与环境保护的治理时可以监测治理的质量，提供了直观精确可靠的基础资料。     

超声提取-气相色谱法测定覆盖区土壤中的六六六和滴滴涕

将超声波提取技术引入到覆盖区土壤样品六六六、滴滴涕组分的预处理中，建立了超声提取，磺化法净化，气相色谱测定的分析方法。对被测组分在超声波提取中的稳定性进行了试验，对超声提取时间、提取温度、提取溶剂用量以及磺化净化过程可能导致组分损失的各种相关条件逐个试验筛选，采用样品加标回收法对六六六、滴滴涕的8种组分进行了两种浓度的精密度和准确度试验，RSD值均小于10％，平均回收率92．5％-103．9％。方法对各种异构体的六六六、滴滴涕的最低检测浓度为0．30-3．89ng／g。     

利用高铁钾长石粉合成13X沸石分子筛的实验研究

对江苏丰县的富钾页岩进行预处理，得到钾长石含量达76．4％的钾长石粉，其Fe2O3含量高达7．52％。以此钾长石粉为原料经过焙烧处理、水热合成实验，在铁含量较高情况下成功合成了13X沸石分子筛，并采用正交实验法确定了优化工艺参数。对实验产物的主要性能测试表明，合成的富铁沸石产品与13X沸石分子筛工业产品相似，吸附量达到国家化学工业产品标准，可用于对含重金属离子废水的吸附处理。     

土壤水力性质确定方法研究进展

介绍了确定土壤水力性质的各种直接方法(包括实验室方法和田间方法两大类)和间接方法如土壤转换函数方法、分形方法、形态学方法、数值反演方法和经验公式法等的研究进展和现状,指出了它们各自的优点和存在的不足.认为要不断地引入新的实验技术和改进测定设备,并把估计土壤水力性质的各种理论方法及实验信息有机地结合起来进行综合研究,以扩大它们的适用范围和提高预测精度.