青岛台体应变短周期气压系数变化原因探讨

青岛台体应变短周期(小于128 min)气压系数2018-01出现阶变，通过对观测系统、台站周边施工情况、监测环境等逐项现场核实，排除观测系统、周边施工的影响。利用离散小波变换和回归分析发现，钻孔水位的气压系数与体应变气压系数同步阶变，结合台站钻孔施工当天体应变钻孔水位变化、体应变趋势变化、其他相邻台站水位气压系数变化等数据认为，台站钻孔施工是导致体应变气压系数变化的原因，并定性分析其变化机理。     

秦岭造山带多金属矿普查复杂地层护壁堵漏技术

秦岭造山带多金属矿普查项目钻探施工过程中钻遇多种复杂地层,垮塌、缩径、漏失等复杂情况频发,严重影响了施工效率。分别采用了植物胶钙处理钻井液、聚乙烯醇无固相钻井液等进行护壁工作,结合不同漏失情况分别实施了随钻堵漏、凝胶堵漏等技术措施,取得了良好的使用效果。     

A Floating Astronomical Time Scale for the Early Late Cretaceous Continental Strata in the Songliao Basin,Northeastern China

A continuous terrestrial succession was recovered from the Songke-2(SK-2) borehole in the Songliao Basin, Northeastern China. This borehole provides a unique material for further research on the continental paleoclimate during Cretaceous greenhouse period, following a series of achievements of the Songke-1(SK-1) core. In this study, thorium(Th) logging data were chosen as a paleoclimate proxy to conduct a detailed cyclostratigraphic analysis. The Th series varies quasi-periodically; power spectra and evolutionary fast Fourier transformation(FFT) analysis reveal significant cycles in the Quantou(K2 q), Qingshankou(K2 qn), Yaojia(K2 y) and Nenjiang(K2 n) formations. The ratio of cycle wavelengths in these stratigraphic units is approximately 20:5:2:1, corresponding to long orbital eccentricity(405 kyr), short orbital eccentricity(100 kyr), obliquity(37 kyr), and precession cycles(22.5 kyr and 18.4 kyr). The durations of the K2 n, K2 y, K2 qn and K2 q are estimated as 6.97, 1.83, 5.30 and 4.52 Myr, respectively, based on the constructed ～18.62 Myr "floating" astronomical time scale(ATS). Comparison of the durations between the SK-1 s and SK-2 boreholes exhibits a slight difference of 0.06 Myr and 0.459 Myr for K2 qn and K2 y. Nevertheless, our ATS of K2 n supports the chronostratigraphic frame constructed by the CA-ID-TIMS data of the SK-1 s borehole. This new "floating" ATS provides precise numerical ages for stratigraphic boundaries, biozones and geological events in the Songliao Basin, and can serve as a basis for correlation of strata and events between marine and terrestrial systems.     

基于高导热材料填充漏失构造的深井换热器性能分析

地热供暖可有效缓解北方雾霾天气。干热岩虽然储量丰富,但增强型地热技术由于开发费用较高,裂隙控制以及避免诱发地震的技术尚不成熟,现阶段还不能商业化应用。水热型地热开发技术虽较成熟,但受资源条件的限制,开发规模较小。对于大多地区,受地质构造和资源禀赋的控制,单井产水量较低或者回灌难,开发经济效益较差。深井换热器（DBHE）技术是开采地热水低产区或回灌难地区热能的有效方式,但受制于岩石导热系数低,单井输出功率小,投资回收期长。为提高DBHE的输出功率,本文提出了增强型深井换热器（EDBHE）,通过主动将高导热性能的复合填充剂流进漏失构造的方式提高岩石的导热性能,通过调节回压、密度和黏度来控制漏失量。研究结果表明,单井EDBHE十个采暖季的平均取热功率为1002. 34 kW,是DBHE(424. 45 kW)的2. 36倍。而双井EDBHE十个采暖季的平均取热功率更是达到了27501. 61 kW,且热输出稳定,每年的衰减率0. 95%。EDBHE技术有效利用了出水量低或回灌难的水热型热储,大幅提高了其出力,扩大了地热供暖的应用范围。     

A Review of the Calculation Formula for the Four-component Borehole Strainmeter and Application to Earthquake Cases

Based on the principle formula for the four-component strainmeters, we can directly obtain the specific plane strain, shear strain and azimuthal angle of the principal strain, and the maximum and minimum principal strains calculated afterwards are the indirect result. The problems of practicality of the sensitivity coefficients A and B of plane strain and shear strain are then discussed. Based on this idea, we analyzed the observation data of several four-component borehole strainmeters near the epicenter of the Yiliang M_S5.7 earthquake in 2012 and the Ludian M_S6.5 earthquake in 2014 in the Zhaotong area, Yunnan Province. The results show that the analysis based on the perspective of plane strain and shear strain has an obviously better effect than that based on the component readings, and can directly peel off the respective abnormality of the plane strain and shear strain. In addition, the correlation coefficient curves between measured data of two plane strains show significant anomalies which often occur several days before and during the earthquake.     

利用自洽方程计算法分析天山中段分量钻孔应变资料可靠性

根据天山中段8套四分量钻孔应变仪观测资料,利用自洽方程计算应变观测的信度,用信度指标检验数据的可靠性,从而进一步用自洽方程计算实际各元件灵敏度的相对大小,并用相对标定的结果,对观测数据进行校正。结果表明:①石场、巴仑台、巴音沟、雀儿沟、榆树沟和库米什台经过校正后,数据观测信度有了明显提升,其中石场和雀儿沟台的数据信度最高;②库米什台校正前数据观测信度较高,因个别“坏点”影响,校正后,观测信度反而下降;③小泉沟和新源台数据信度较低,存在从自洽到失洽的情况,分析认为这可能与系统自身存在问题有关,也有可能是前兆异常,有待进一步研究。     

超声波和改性粘土集成技术在去除蓝藻水华上的应用

近年来,改性粘土除藻技术广泛应用于"水华"的治理当中,其原理是藻类与改性粘土絮凝后自然沉降.通过对铜绿微囊藻(Microcystis aeruginosa)、集胞藻(Synechocystis sp.)和小球藻(Chlorella vulgaris)的絮凝比较,发现具气囊的铜绿微囊藻比其他两种藻发生再悬浮的幅度更大,次数更多.针对我国的水华藻类是以微囊藻(Microcystis sp.)等为主的情况,研究超声波和改性粘土集成技术对藻类的去除效果.结果表明,超声波和改性粘土集成技术能将藻类去除率明显提高,该法的絮体稳定性比单一絮凝法明显增强,且对群体形态的藻的去除率提升效果更好.另外,在40kHz、160W超声辐照下,铜绿微囊藻的气囊去除率在95%以上,但细胞壁保持完好,细胞活性不变,藻毒素不会因细胞破裂而释放,因此超声波和改性粘土集成方法,是治理我国蓝藻水华的有效方法.     

Solutions for the deformations and stability of elastoplastic hollow cylinders subjected to boundary pressures

In this paper, a closed-form solution is presented for the stress and displacement distributions throughout a hollow cylinder subjected to uniform pressures acting on its internal and external boundary surfaces under plane strain conditions. The material is assumed to be elastoplastic, obeying a Mohr–Coulomb failure criterion, and exhibiting dilatant plastic deformation according to a non-associated flow rule. The newly developed analytical solution is verified through comparison with the solutions obtained from an infinite boundary problem (for which a closed-form solution exists), and numerical analyses using the program FLAC. The solution is also compared with the results of a borehole collapse test on a thick-walled hollow cylinder of synthetic shale. The analytical solution can be used to calculate the stress and displacement distributions around boreholes and other cylindrical cavities under both infinite and finite boundary conditions under both drained and undrained conditions. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

测震井下观测压制背景噪声特征分析

利用赤峰台井下和山洞观测、二连浩特台井下和地表观测测震数据,通过计算其加速度PSD值和相应的PDF值及1~20 Hz频段RMS值,研究井下观测压制测震台站背景噪声的特征。结果表明,在大于2 Hz频段,井下观测相比于山洞和地表观测有显著的压制背景噪声特征,尤其在大于9 Hz频段压制背景噪声特征突出;在16 s~2 Hz频段,井下、山洞、地表观测测震台站背景噪声水平一致性较高,井下观测在该频段不能压制背景噪声;在低于16 s频段,井下观测相比于山洞和地表观测有一定的压制背景噪声特征。通过井下观测可有效降低测震台站背景噪声水平,从而提高观测数据质量。     

基于钻孔数据的三维地层建模关键技术

在基于钻孔数据进行三维地层建模方法中,钻孔样本间地层层序不一致导致建模时难以确定各地层的拓扑关系,快速准确地确定各地层层序和充分利用钻孔数据是建模的关键难点之一。拟通过综合考虑区域内所有钻孔数据,基于地质解释方法理论,以地层出现次数频率高原则进行全自动确定地层层序。首次引入子钻孔递归思想,利用表面建模方法,自下而上逐层创建三维地层模型,可确保钻孔数据不丢失且准确地应用于地层建模中,并能适应地层尖灭、地层超覆、透镜体等复杂地质构造。该方法地学意义明确,具有鲁棒性好、运行效率高及可操作性强等特点,算法已在同济曙光软件中实现,并已在多个实际地质建模工程中得到了验证。研究结果表明,该算法能充分利用已有钻孔信息,建模过程全自动完成,对复杂地层建模亦具有较强的适应性。