大别山辉石岩—辉长岩体的锆石U—Pb年龄及其地质意义

大别山北部祝家铺,小河口和椒岩三个辉石岩－辉长岩侵入体的锆石给出四个Ｕ－Ｐｂ谐和年龄,范围均在１２３￣１３０Ｍａ之间,这表明这些基性／超基性侵入体是碰撞后成因的。由于白垩纪花岗岩脉普遍穿切这些辉长岩体,说明大别山垩纪大规模岩浆事件,是从深部地幔部分熔融开始的,其热动力可能源于地幔上涌。     

新疆西昆仑造山带北缘中元古代帕什托克闪长岩侵入序列及其地质意义

位于塔里木地块西南缘、西昆仑造山带北缘的帕什托克侵入序列由石英闪长岩-石英二长闪长岩组成,类似TTG组合,形成于中元古代晚期。本文从帕什托克侵入序列的地球化学分析出发,通过对该侵入序列两期侵入岩的主量元素和微量元素的研究,讨论了该侵入序列的成因、构造环境和与其相关的板块间地球动力学模式,认为该侵入序列为I型准铝质高钾钙碱性花岗闪长岩系列,属活动板块边缘碰撞前大陆弧花岗岩类,两期侵入岩为同源岩浆演化,母岩浆属壳幔混合源,且岩浆向酸性演化。根据岩浆演化的物理环境和构造环境,推测早古生代库地洋的完全闭合与库地洋壳向塔里木古陆块俯冲消减有关,是塔里木古陆块和柴达木古陆块在Rodinia超级大陆汇聚过程中的产物。     

The silica supersaturated waters of northern Evia and eastern central Greece

The area of north Evia and eastern central Greece is characterized by strong geomorphological contrast and is built up mainly of consolidated rocks. Unconsolidated young sediments of Pleistocene to Holocene age cover the valley and basin flats, forming the most productive aquifers in this area. However, two more types of aquifers can be distinguished within the consolidated rock area. The first one is associated with karstified limestones and the second with strongly tectonized ultramafic rocks. The schist–chert formation, with intercalations of shales and cherts, seals the ultramafic masses underneath. Surface and spring waters associated with ultramafic rocks in north Evia and eastern central Greece were studied. Two types of water can be distinguished: (1) high Mg²⁺ and SiO₂ , bicarbonate as the dominant anion, pH 7·4–9·2, temperature 9·5–16·3 °C, low TDS (total dissolved solutes) (459–1037 mg/l), found both in peridotite and serpentinite areas, classified as Mg–HCO₃ type; (2) high Ca²⁺, low Mg²⁺ and SiO₂ , hydroxyl ion as the major anion, pH 11·2, temperature 28 °C, very low TDS (122 mg/l), found in peridotite areas, classified as Ca–OH type. The studied waters are highly supersaturated with respect to quartz, amorphous silica, brucite and most low temperature magnesium silicates (antigorite, sepiolite, talc, etc.). These waters show relatively narrow SiO₂ concentration ranges and a trend parallel to the amorphous silica saturation surface. The silica supersaturated waters have the potential to precipitate silica and consequently could affect the people of the local communities that use it as drinking water, causing health problems (kidney stones). Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Ultramafic Blocks in Sumdo Region, Lhasa Block, Eastern Tibet Plateau: An Ophiolite Unit

Recently, an over 100 kin long MORB-type eclogite belt of Permian was discovered in the Sumdo (松多) region of the Lhasa block, Tibet. A critical question thus is: what is the tectonic setting of the eclogite belt and is it related to an unrecognized suture in the region? Further investigations show that there are some mafic and ultramafic rocks spatially associated with the eclogite belt in the region. Three ultramafic massifs were recognized in the Sumdo region, and called the Luomaling (罗马岭),Gongbupala (贡布爬拉) and Qiazhasumdo (卡扎松多) massifs. All the massifs are fault-contacted with greenschist (Chasagang (岔萨岗) Formation) or muscovite-quartz schist (Mabuku (马布库) Formation), and individuals are about 100 m×50 m in size extending in EW as the regional structure. All the ultramafic rocks have been entirely serpentinized, and the Gongbupala massif has been selected for study in geochemistry. Eleven chemical analyses of the rocks from the Gongbupala massif show a narrow range in contents: SiO2(35.97-40.63) wt.%, MgO (37.02-38.60) wt.%, TiO2(0.01-0.08) wt.%, Al2O3 (0.80-1.64) wt.%, (Na2O+K2O) less than 0.1 wt.%, with high volatile contents (H2O+CO2) (11.24-14.91) wt.%. After recalculation without H2O+CO2, the mean values are SiO2 45.24 wt.%, MgO 43.54 wt.%, FeOT(7.45-9.97) wt.% (8.55 wt.% in average), (MgO+FeOT) 52.09 wt.%, Mg# (100×Mg/(Mg+Fe*), where Fe* represents total Fe)=89.42-90.08, (m+f)/Si ((atomicity Mg+atomicity Fe) /atomicity Si)=1.53-1.75 (1.59 in average), respectively. The mean M/F (atomicity Mg/atomicity Fe) ratio of the rocks is 9.05, which is classified as magnesium enriched-type of ultramafic rocks. The compositional features, depleted in K, Na, Ca, Al and Ti and enriched in Mg#, indicate the characteristics of peridotite originated from a depleted mantle. The rocks have low ∑ REE with (1.60-2.68)×10-6 similar to those of the primitive mantle. The chondrite-normalized REE patterns of all samples show slightly enrichment in LREE, with (Ce/Yb)N 1.03-2.46, but a little depleted in HREE. Most samples show a slight negative anomaly in Eu, a feature In REE from a relic mantle and common features In highly serpentinized ultramafic rocks in the Yarlung-Zangbo (雅鲁藏布) ophiolite and the Bangong (班公)-Nnjiang (怒江)ophiolite in Tibet. The primitive mantle-normalized spiderdiagram of trace elements for Gongbupala ultramafic rocks yields uniform distributed pattern. They are relatively enriched in Rb, Ba, La, P element (LHSE) and depleted in Sin, Ti, Y, Yb element (HFSE), a feature of metasomatic mantle peridotite. The geochemical features of the rocks suggest that the protofith of Gongbupala serpentinite in Sumdo region is harzburgite, a typical depleted mantle rock, and may represent a dismembered ophiolite unit in the region.     

滇西马厂箐岩体暗色微粒包体岩相学特征及成因机制探讨

对马厂箐岩体中发现的暗色微粒包体的岩相学研究后发现,暗色微粒包体为暗黑色、灰黑色,大部分呈浑圆状或次圆状,可见明显的塑性流变特点,且具有微细粒结构,发育针状磷灰石,部分包体中还含有寄主岩石中的钾长石和石英斑晶.这些岩相学特征都表明了马厂箐岩体中的暗色微粒包体是岩浆混合作用的产物.暗色微粒包体的发现反映了马厂箐岩体可能是壳幔岩浆混合成因,而幔源岩浆的注入是这套岩浆成矿的关键因素.     

内蒙古巴彦哈尔金矿床地质特征及成因初探

内蒙古巴彦哈尔金矿床位于华北陆块北缘艾力庙-锡林浩特中间地块西北缘.矿床赋存于中元古代温都尔庙群的绢云石英片岩和绿泥石片岩中.矿床的形成与区内韧性剪切带及华力西期岩浆活动关系密切.矿区内共圈定出5个矿体,总体走向为北西向,矿体呈似层状或透镜状产出,矿石类型包括石英脉型和糜棱蚀变岩型.金矿化与硅化和黄铁绢英岩化蚀变关系密切.结合矿床的矿体地质、矿物成分、矿物嵌布及围岩蚀变特征以及前人包裹体测温结果,认为矿床类型为浅成低温热液型金矿.     

辽宁花坤头营子旋卷构造中侵入岩特征与构造演化的关系

花坤头营子侵入岩是花坤头营子旋卷构造的重要组成部分,共分出4个侵入体,分别为早石炭世辉绿岩、早三叠世闪长岩、中侏罗世二长花岗岩、早白垩世花岗斑岩,最晚还有一期流纹斑岩脉侵入.岩浆来源除早石炭世辉绿岩来自上地幔,余下几个序次来源于下地壳,并熔融了部分陆壳物质.以被动就位机制为特征.     

冀东下营坊地区晚古生代富碱侵入岩锆石U-Pb年代学、岩石地球化学及其地质意义

富碱侵入岩具有重要的地质和矿产意义,倍受学者关注。冀东地区晚古生代钙碱性岩浆岩十分发育,而碱性岩少见,笔者首次在冀东下营坊地区识别出一批与金(铜铅锌银)多金属矿化有关的晚古生代中晚期的富碱侵入岩体。通过锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb测年,获得下营坊地区三处富碱侵入岩的侵位年龄分别为300.0±1.5Ma、299.3±2.1Ma、300.0±2.0Ma,侵位时间显示这些岩浆岩均为晚石炭世末—早二叠世的产物。岩石地球化学特征显示富碱(K2O+Na2O8%),稀土元素含量较高,并强烈富集轻稀土,指示其具有富碱侵入岩的基本特征。下营坊富碱侵入岩富集大离子亲石元素,高La/Yb比,较高的La/Sm比值且变化范围大(5),低Y,Eu异常不明显等特点,表明其源区可能与富集地幔有关,并可能受到俯冲板片脱水所释放流(熔)体的影响,在岩浆的侵位过程中可能受到地壳物质的混染。由成岩时代结合区域构造演化历史推断,该地区富碱侵入岩很可能与古生代期间古亚洲洋板块向华北板块俯冲有关,并形成于由俯冲板块后撤的伸展环境。     

滇东南富宁地区基性侵入岩与峨眉山地幔柱存在成因关系吗?——来自1∶5万洞波幅和皈朝幅地质填图的证据

在滇东南富宁地区,出露一系列以辉绿岩为主、含少量辉长辉绿岩和辉绿玢岩的基性侵入岩。根据地球化学、同位素地球化学以及锆石U-Pb年代学等分析结果,前人将这些基性侵入岩视作峨眉山大火成岩省的组成部分,源自峨眉山地幔柱。国内外研究的共识认为,峨眉山地幔柱活动发生于263~252Ma之间,持续时间极短。在开展1∶2.5万大比例尺地质调查与填图(洞波幅和皈朝幅1∶5万地质调查手图)过程中,我们发现,这些基性侵入岩不仅侵入古生代地层,还侵入了富宁县皈朝一带的晚二叠世-中三叠世岛弧玄武安山岩(255~241Ma)以及早-中三叠世地层。这些地质事实表明,富宁地区基性侵入岩的形成时代至少晚于中三叠世Anisian期或更晚,与峨眉山地幔柱活动时代存在很大的时差,岩石类型与组合上也与峨眉山大火成岩省的有很大差异。根据我们填图过程中获得的基本地质事实分析,滇东南富宁地区的基性侵入岩是华南地块与北越地块间的古特提斯分支洋盆闭合、两个地块碰撞造山(即印支造山)后的岩浆活动产物,与峨眉山地幔柱没有成因关系。     

辽宁桓仁早白垩世侵入岩地球化学特征及成因

辽东桓仁地区中生代早白垩世侵入岩发育广泛,通过对辽东桓仁地区中生代早白垩世4期侵入岩的主量元素、微量元素及稀土元素的研究,认为研究区侵入岩为一套以花岗岩、石英二长岩和正长岩为主的中性至酸性岩浆岩,属高钾钙碱性岩-钾玄岩系列,铝过饱和岩石。侵入岩地球化学特征不尽相同,表现为第一期侵入岩具正Eu异常,第二、三、四期侵入岩具负Eu异常;4期侵入岩均富集Rb、Th、K、La等大离子亲石元素（LILE）和轻稀土元素,亏损Ba、Nb、Sr、P、Ti和重稀土元素。研究表明,侵入岩岩浆可能属于陆壳物质的部分熔融产物,并在岩浆上升过程中经历了一定程度的地壳混染和较强的分离结晶作用;侵入岩产出于板内环境和大陆边缘弧构造环境,其动力可能与古太平洋板块俯冲方向改变时的板片撕裂和后撤有关。