阿尔金和东昆仑造山带中酸性侵入岩地质、地球化学特征及地质意义

据青藏高原北部1∶25万区域地质调查资料引对阿尔金和东昆仑造山带中主要出露的中酸性侵入岩类岩体地质、岩石地球化学特征进行对比研究,探讨原始古陆系统隶属关系结果得出:岩体类型、岩石类型组合、成岩时代、岩浆系列、岩浆源岩物性及形成的地球动力学背景均可完全进行对比,认为前晋宁和晋宁期S型花岗岩类,可能是在碰撞造山地球动力学背景下,由成年期TTG陆壳局部或循环熔融形成;加里东和华力西期以I型和A型花岗岩类为主,推测是在一种大陆岩石圈伸展减薄或是大陆裂谷动力学背景下,由地幔基性超基性岩浆上侵引起中下地壳岩石局部熔融产生的一种岩浆作用产物,源区可能是副变质类型榴辉岩相和麻粒岩相下地壳结合前人研究成果,初步提出阿尔金和东昆仑造山带古老基底同属一个古陆系统.     

一件可能的Hf同位素测定标准锆石

陕西省西乡县汉南杂岩望江山岩体辉长岩中含有丰富的锆石——从600kg辉长岩样品中分选出结晶良好、内部结构简单、成因和年龄单一、Hf同位素比值均一的锆石7g,锆石粒度多为0.2-0.3mm。分别在三个不同实验室利用三种方法对该锆石样品进行了U-Pb同位素年龄测定,获得了在误差范围内完全一致的年龄：819.8 ± 2.5 Ma（LA-ICP-MS）、821.7 ± 1.7 Ma（LA-MC-ICPMS）和822.1 ± 4.5 Ma（SHRIMP）。在国内4个权威实验室对该锆石进行了Lu-Hf同位素测定,获得了在误差范围内完全一致的176Hf/177Hf同位素比值——全部421个测试点加权平均值为0.282535 ± 0.000003（2σ）。采样点岩体规模巨大,露头良好,岩石新鲜,交通方便。该锆石样品满足作为Hf同位素测定标样的各方面的指标,可能是一个比较理想的Hf 同位素测定标样。Hf同位素测定标准物质的研制,是测定获得准确可靠的Hf同位素数据的基础,具有十分重要的实用价值和科学意义。     

北秦岭晋宁期中酸性侵入岩带地球化学特征与构造环境

北秦岭侵入岩带中的中酸性侵入岩主要形成于晋宁旋回的中晚期阶段。主要岩石类型包括辉石闪长岩、闪长岩、石英闪长岩、英云闪长岩、花岗闪长岩、斜长花岗岩、花岗岩和钾长花岗岩。岩石化学、稀土元素和微量元素地球化学研究证明,这些岩石主要形成于B型俯冲和碰撞造山的构造环境中,而钾长花岗岩形成于后造山的伸展阶段。据此,该侵入岩带揭示了北秦岭褶皱带在晋宁旋回中晚期阶段的演化过程。     

三江中段侵入岩航磁异常特征及找矿作用

根据西南三江中段维西-宁蒗地区1:20万高精度航磁勘查结果,对比已知中酸性侵入岩体的磁异常特征,发现多处磁异常与已知中酸性岩体相对应,结合物性及地质、重力、化探等资料新圈定数十处近地表或隐伏的中酸性侵入岩.通过对这些岩体与已知矿产的关系分析认为,中酸性侵入岩与金、银、铜、铅、锌多金属矿产关系密切,因此,这些侵入岩体是间接寻找上述矿产的有利地带.     

新元古代地幔柱事件在Rodinia超大陆西缘的响应:来自马达加斯加的初步证据

对于Rodinia超大陆西缘在裂解过程中是否发育巨长安第斯型陆弧存在较大争议.马达加斯加即位于古地理再造Rodinia的西缘位置,其太古宙结晶基底中出露有大量新元古代侵入体,是澄清这一争议的理想研究区.由于基性岩浆岩组分识别不足等原因,前人曾认为这些侵入岩形成于俯冲带陆弧环境.但笔者在中北部Alaotra湖地区野外考察期间发现了大量辉长质岩石,对其中典型岩体的LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年表明其结晶于798~778Ma之间(最大误差估计).因此,这些辉长岩体事实上与岛内其他新元古代侵入体构成了双峰式侵入岩套,暗示了可能的陆内伸展环境.在此基础上,笔者重新审视了前人已发表的地球化学数据,发现该双峰式侵入岩套的基性组分显示富钾特征和拉斑演化趋势,局部甚至发育了强烈地钒钛磁铁矿化;酸性组分则显示富铁、偏铝-过铝质和碱钙-钙碱性特征,并具有相对较高的K₂O/Na₂O和Ga/Al比值以及高场强元素含量,属于A型花岗岩(铁质花岗岩).这些特征进一步表明该双峰式侵入岩套形成于陆内伸展环境而非陆弧环境.结合本文的初步研究结果和区域地质演化历史,笔者认为马达加斯加这一双峰式侵入岩套很可能是新元古代地幔柱事件在Rodinia超大陆西缘的响应.     

云南剑川金河岩体中地幔流体交代特征及其成矿意义

云南剑川金河岩体中的硅化霓辉正长斑岩含有较多的镁铁-超镁铁质深源岩石包体.岩相学研究表明,伴随交代蚀变,其主岩和各类包体岩石中普遍发育沿矿物粒间和矿物晶体裂隙或解离纹贯入或穿插的呈网状和细脉浸染状分布的黑色不透明物质.对该物质进行了电子探针及扫描电镜和能谱分析,发现其组成以微晶硅酸盐矿物为主,含少量微晶石英,尤其是含有微晶地幔标型矿物--含钛磁铁矿(或镜铁矿)和含铬自然铁;后两者与硅酸盐矿物构成超显微熔离结构交生.研究认为,这种物质组成和特征,是具超临界和熔浆性质的地幔流体的微观表现,其活动所引发的交代蚀变表现为硅化、钠化及深源包体中的暗色矿物由辉石→角闪石→黑云母的退变序列.这一地幔流体作用微观踪迹的揭示,对于分析和论证滇西地区新生代多金属成矿的深部地质作用规律具有重要的理论和现实意义.     

陕西略阳煎茶岭镍矿床酸性侵入岩形成时代及成矿意义

煎茶岭镍矿是一个与镁质超基性岩和酸性侵入岩有关的镍矿床。矿床地质研究发现,矿体主要赋存于花岗斑岩北侧超基性岩体内,矿石中交代状、浸染状、网脉状结构发育,显示热液改造成因矿床的典型结构、构造特征。岩、矿石地球化学及同位素分析表明,煎茶岭镍矿床与典型的镁铁质岩浆硫化物矿床不同,镍矿床在成矿过程中虽继承了超基性岩中的成矿物质,但受到花岗斑岩强烈改造有关,矿床成因类型为岩浆热液改造型。花岗斑岩和钠长斑岩中锆石U-Pb测年表明,花岗斑岩U-Pb年龄为859±26 Ma,钠长斑岩U-Pb年龄为844±26 Ma,认为煎茶岭镍矿成岩成矿时代为新元古代晋宁期,非前人所认为的海西期或印支期,是全球Rodinia超大陆裂解事件在扬子板块西北缘的重要响应。     

The silica supersaturated waters of northern Evia and eastern central Greece

The area of north Evia and eastern central Greece is characterized by strong geomorphological contrast and is built up mainly of consolidated rocks. Unconsolidated young sediments of Pleistocene to Holocene age cover the valley and basin flats, forming the most productive aquifers in this area. However, two more types of aquifers can be distinguished within the consolidated rock area. The first one is associated with karstified limestones and the second with strongly tectonized ultramafic rocks. The schist–chert formation, with intercalations of shales and cherts, seals the ultramafic masses underneath. Surface and spring waters associated with ultramafic rocks in north Evia and eastern central Greece were studied. Two types of water can be distinguished: (1) high Mg²⁺ and SiO₂ , bicarbonate as the dominant anion, pH 7·4–9·2, temperature 9·5–16·3 °C, low TDS (total dissolved solutes) (459–1037 mg/l), found both in peridotite and serpentinite areas, classified as Mg–HCO₃ type; (2) high Ca²⁺, low Mg²⁺ and SiO₂ , hydroxyl ion as the major anion, pH 11·2, temperature 28 °C, very low TDS (122 mg/l), found in peridotite areas, classified as Ca–OH type. The studied waters are highly supersaturated with respect to quartz, amorphous silica, brucite and most low temperature magnesium silicates (antigorite, sepiolite, talc, etc.). These waters show relatively narrow SiO₂ concentration ranges and a trend parallel to the amorphous silica saturation surface. The silica supersaturated waters have the potential to precipitate silica and consequently could affect the people of the local communities that use it as drinking water, causing health problems (kidney stones). Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

河南省富碱侵入岩与金矿床关系浅析

河南省华北陆块南缘富碱侵入岩与金矿床成矿关系主要表现在空间、热动力和衍生关系三方面，与碱性岩有关的金矿床主要分为三种类型：热液－淋滤富集型、含金剪切带型和熔结（爆发）角砾岩型。富碱岩石含金背景值总体较高，近矿围岩含金丰度低于远矿围岩，富碱侵入体中的部分金组分参与了成金作用。区域侵入体含金性，其一：沿着栾川—方城深大断裂带分布的富碱浅成侵入体的成矿作用主要表现为区域构造活动引发淋滤富集作用和含金剪切构造带成金作用；其二：位于成金基底源区出露的一些富碱侵入体的成矿作用主要表现为爆发角砾岩和热液蚀变。     

Age and significance of voluminous mafic–ultramafic magmatic events in the Murchison Domain,Yilgarn Craton

Mafic–ultramafic rocks in structurally dismembered layered intrusions comprise approximately 40% by volume of greenstones in the Murchison Domain of the Youanmi Terrane, Yilgarn Craton. Mafic–ultramafic rocks in the Murchison Domain may be divided into five components: (i) the ～2810 Ma Meeline Suite, which includes the large Windimurra Igneous Complex; (ii) the 2800 ± 6 Ma Boodanoo Suite, which includes the Narndee Igneous Complex; (iii) the 2792 ± 5 Ma Little Gap Suite; (iv) the ～2750 Ma Gnanagooragoo Igneous Complex; and (v) the 2735–2710 Ma Yalgowra Suite of layered gabbroic sills. The intrusions are typically layered, tabular bodies of gabbroic rock with ultramafic basal units which, in places, are more than 6 km thick and up to 2500 km² in areal extent. However, these are minimum dimensions as the intrusions have been dismembered by younger deformation. In the Windimurra and Narndee Igneous Complexes, discordant features and geochemical fractionation trends indicate multiple pulses of magma. These pulses produced several megacyclic units, each ～200 m thick. The suites are anhydrous except for the Boodanoo Suite, which contains a large volume of hornblende gabbro. They also host significant vanadium mineralisation, and at least minor Ni–Cu–PGE mineralisation. Collectively, the areal distribution, thickness and volume of mafic–ultramafic magma in these complexes is similar to that in the 2.06 Ga Bushveld Igneous Complex, and represents a major addition of mantle-derived magma to Murchison Domain crust over a 100 Ma period. All suites are demonstrably contemporaneous with packages of high-Mg tholeiitic lavas and/or felsic volcanic rocks in greenstone belts. The distribution, ages and compositions of the earlier mafic–ultramafic rocks are most consistent with genesis in a mantle plume setting.