贵州西部红岩地区水系沉积物中Pt、Pd地球化学异常的识别及推断解释

与基性-超基性岩相比,我国的峨 眉山玄武岩具有高含量的Pt、Pd地球化学背景。从峨眉山玄武岩分布区分辨出与基性、超基性侵入岩有关的Pt、Pd地球化学异常,是我国Pt、Pd找矿获得重大突破的关键技术。在贵州西部开展的1∶5万 水系沉积物测量显示,采用岩石背景衬值法可有效区分岩性和矿致Pt、Pd异常。在红岩村附近茅口组灰岩与玄武岩接触带及北东向断层的复合部位圈出了浓度分度清晰的As、Sb、Hg、Pb、Cr、Ni、Pt、 Pd组合异常,推测在该组合异常下方可能存在一个赋存有Pt、Pd矿的隐伏基性-超基性含矿岩体(脉)。     

河南西峡-淅川一带的墨绿玉矿床及开发利用

河南西峡-淅川一带的墨绿玉矿床，为蚀变的超基性岩类，分别产于北、南秦岭褶皱带内，矿体呈脉状、透镜状，分布于岩体的边部、中部，矿石类型主要有蛇纹岩类及次闪石-蛇纹岩类，矿床属热液交代变质矿床。原料及产品在市场上有一定的竞争力，具有较好的开发利用前景。     

东天山香山中镁铁-超镁铁质岩体岩石学与矿物学特征:对成岩成矿过程的约束

香山中镁铁-超镁铁岩体产出于新疆东天山地区的黄山—镜儿泉镁铁-超镁铁岩带。主要的岩石类型为二辉橄榄岩、(含长)单辉橄榄岩、橄榄辉石岩及角闪辉长岩。矿物学特征显示,岩体造岩矿物的结晶顺序为铬尖晶石→橄榄石→斜方辉石→单斜辉石→斜长石→角闪石。电子探针分析显示,同一侵入期次中各岩相具有良好的过渡渐变关系,钻孔剖面上橄榄石含量与颗粒大小、单斜辉石的成分有随深度连续变化的特征,铬尖晶石则具有良好的Cr→Fe3+、Ti的演化趋势,由此反映岩体的形成主要受结晶分异作用的控制;含长单辉橄榄岩中橄榄石和单斜辉石成分的突然变化显示岩浆结晶过程中受到了地壳物质阶段性的混染;模拟计算表明,橄榄石分离结晶伴随着硫化物的熔离;钻孔ZK3693深度为295~325 m,含长单辉橄榄岩中橄榄石、斜长石、单颗粒单斜辉石成分突然性的变化指示在区间内有新鲜的基性程度更高的岩浆注入,而此区间内矿石的Cu、Ni品位明显高于区间外同一岩相岩体,说明新鲜岩浆的注入是香山中岩体硫化物富集的重要原因。     

超镁铁岩建造中的非金属矿床组合及其形成条件的研究

超镁铁岩建造中赋存着以镁质非金属矿物为主的多种非金属矿产和丰富多样的矿床共生组合。本文讨论了我国三种主要类型超镁铁岩建造或杂岩(蛇绿岩套中的超镁铁岩建造、碱性超镁铁杂岩、碱性玄武岩及其深源超镁铁岩包体)中产出的非金属矿床及其组合与特征,以及它们的形成条件等,提出了进一步从不同层次深入探讨非金属矿床共生组合的有关问题。     

内蒙古哈沙图北超镁铁杂岩体成因的地球化学制约

哈沙图北超镁铁杂岩体位于华北克拉通西北缘，具小规模多岩相的特征，主要由蛇纹石化橄榄岩、橄榄二辉岩、角闪辉石岩、异剥辉石岩及石英闪长玢岩等组成的铁质超镁铁杂岩。岩体由两大系列岩石组成：第一系列岩石结晶粗大，具平坦型稀土元素分配模式，亏损Nb、Ta、Ti等高场强元素（HFSE）和Rb、Cs、Ba等大离子亲石元素（LILE），富集U和Rb,Zr,Hf及HREE等元素含量变化较大，为大陆地壳拉张环境下富集型岩石圈地幔较高程度熔融形成的岩浆经小规模分异后分期侵入原地结晶形成的，在每期岩浆结晶初期存在一定程度的堆晶作用。第二系列岩石呈致密太，磁铁矿含量较高，岩石风化表面呈黄褐色，亏损Rb、Cs、K、Ti，富集Nb、Ta、Pb、LREE，∑REE高，为初始洋壳下富集地幔较低程度熔融形成的岩浆结晶的产物。Nd同位素组成变化较小（^143Nd/^144Nd=0.5122-0.5124)，两个系列岩石中分配系数相等的微量元素比值分别分布在两个区域，岩石地球化学特征表明，该岩体为一长寿命的岩浆通道中不同源区、不同构造环境中不同期岩浆的堆积物，岩浆源区为EM1型富集地幔；表明华北克拉通西北缘在古元古代以来存在长期的陆壳增生事件，经历了拉张减薄、初始洋壳演化阶段。     

东昆仑乌妥一带超镁铁质岩镁铁质岩地质特征及构造环境

东昆仑昆中断裂带乌妥一带分布20多个超镁铁质镁铁质岩残块（片）,在野外地质调查的基础上,结合室内岩石学、岩石地球化学研究,属非典型的蛇绿岩残块（片）,是东昆中断带在漫长的地质演化过程中残留在陆块边缘的洋壳物质,形成于洋中岛弧环境。分布于东昆中断裂带内及其附近,时代上属于早古生代。     

Devonian rodingite from the northern margin of the North China Craton: mantle wedge metasomatism during ocean–continent convergence

The northern margin of the North China Craton (NCC) was an active convergent margin during Palaeozoic and preserves important imprints of magmatic and metasomatic processes associated with oceanic plate subduction. Here, we investigate the mafic–ultramafic rocks in the Xiahabaqin–Sandaogou complexes from the northern NCC including pyroxenite, hornblendites, hornblende gabbro, and their rodingitized counterparts within a serpentinite domain. We present petrological, zircon U–Pb geochronological, and geochemical data to constrain the nature and timing of the magmatic and metasomatic processes in the subduction zone mantle wedge. The rock suites investigated in this study are characterized by low contents of SiO₂, Na₂O, and K₂O, with high CaO, FeO, Fe₂O₃, and MgO. The rodingitized rocks show markedly high CaO and lower MgO compared to their ultramafic protolith, suggesting extensive post-magmatic infiltration of Ca-rich, Si-poor fluids derived by serpentinization of mantle peridotite. The enrichment of large ion lithophile and light rare earth elements such as Ba, Sr, K, La, and Ce with relative depletion of high field strength elements like Nb, Ta, Zr, and Hf in the ultramafic rocks collectively suggest metasomatism of a fore-arc mantle wedge by fluids released through dehydration of subducted oceanic slab and subduction-derived sediments. Dehydration and decarbonation leading to metasomatic fluid influx and serpentinization of mantle wedge peridotite account for the enriched geochemical signatures for the rodingitized rocks. The zircon grains in these rocks show textures indicating magmatic crystallization followed by fluid-controlled dissolution–precipitation. Magmatic zircons from altered pyroxenite, hornblendite, and rodingitized pyroxenite in Xiahabaqin yield protolith crystallization ages peaks at 396 Ma and 392 Ma and metasomatic grains show ages of 386 Ma, 378 Ma, and 348 Ma. The zircons from hornblendite and basaltic trachyandesite indicate protolith emplacement during 402–388 Ma. Metasomatic zircon grains from rodingitized hornblende gabbro in Sandaogou complex show a wide range of ages as 412 Ma, 398 Ma, 383 Ma, and 380 Ma. The common magmatic zircon ages peaks at 398–388 Ma in most of the rocks suggest a similar time for magma crystallization in the Xiahabaqin and Baiqi during Middle Devonian. Subsequently, repeated pulses fluids and melts resulted in metasomatic reactions in mantle wedge until early Permian. The Lu–Hf analysis of the zircon grains from these rocks display markedly negative εHf(t) values ranging from ?22.4 to ?7.7, suggesting magma derivation from an enriched, hydrated lithospheric mantle through fluid–rock interaction and mantle wedge metasomatism. Rodingitization processes are associated with exhumation of ultramafic mantle wedge rocks within a serpentinized subduction channel close to the subducted slab in response to slab roll back in a long-lasting subduction regime. This study offers insights into magmatic and metasomatic processes of ultramafic rocks in the fore-arc mantle wedge which were exhumed and accreted to an active continental margin during the southward subduction of the Palaeo-Asian oceanic lithosphere beneath the NCC.     

苏鲁超高压变质带岗上超镁铁质岩铬尖晶石形成过程——铬成矿新机制

岗上超镁铁质岩主要由纯橄岩和石榴橄榄岩组成,主要组成矿物有橄榄石、铬尖晶石、石榴子石、单斜辉石和斜方辉石等。铬尖晶石的Cr#[Cr/(Cr+Mg)×100]从51到89变化,铬尖晶石矿物表现为4期次演化的特点,反映了从岩浆期向榴辉岩相、角闪岩相和绿片岩相演化特征。随着超镁铁质岩的演化,铬尖晶石中Cr#不断增大(51增大到89),而铬尖晶石Mg#[Mg×100/(Mg+Fe2+)]不断减少,氧逸度不断增加。在绿片岩相—绿片角闪岩相退变质过程中,铬尖晶石中Cr、Mg和Al减少,Fe相对增加,产生富Cr尖晶石变质作用样式。晚期剪切变形等次生变化有利于富铬铬尖晶石矿物的形成和铬尖晶石的富集。同时,角闪岩相和绿片岩相变质作用使铬尖晶石富集呈现容易开采的条带状,降低了铬尖晶石与其他硅酸盐矿物的结合强度,降低了开采强度和成本,使原本不易于开采的铬铁矿矿体变得可以开采。这些意味着铬铁矿矿体展布要结合后期变质作用进行综合分析。     

超镁铁质捕虏体中共存矿物的Cr~#在岩石成因中的意义

中国东部新生代玄武质岩石中的超镁铁质捕虏体,主要包括五种类型:石榴石二辉橄榄岩(±少量尖晶石)、尖晶石二辉橄榄岩、尖晶石方辉橄榄岩、辉石岩和巨晶矿物。不同类型捕虏体间的共存矿物存在系统的化学成分变化。尤以Al_2O_3、Cr_2O_3变化明显。本文提出捕虏体中共存矿物的Cr~#[100Cr/(Al+Cr)]可作为分类和岩石成因的重要标志。并将五种捕虏体划分为三种地幔成因类型:饱满的或原始的地幔(石榴石二辉橄榄岩和尖晶石二辉橄榄岩),亏损的或残余的地幔(尖晶石方辉橄榄岩),地幔条件下熔浆分离的产物(辉石岩和巨晶矿物)。     

金川超镁铁质岩体LA-ICPMS锆石U-Pb年龄

对金川(超)镁铁质岩体中的锆石进行了阴极发光(CL)成像观察,按特征将其分为碎屑锆石、岩浆锆石和具有重结晶生长边的变质锆石三类。应用LA-ICPMS对锆石微区U-Pb年龄和微量元素进行了测定,测得碎屑锆石不一致年龄较老,为(2692±160)Ma,可能代表岩体侵入时经过的围岩年龄;岩浆锆石获得谐和线年龄807Ma,可能是金川的成岩年龄;测得变质锆石的年龄为200 Ma,代表较晚的一次变质年龄。岩浆锆石的微量元素Th、U及Th/U特征显示其岩浆成因,并晶出于同一岩浆系统。