河北矾山超镁铁岩 正长岩杂岩体中黑云母的特征及其成岩指示意义

河北矾山超镁铁岩一正长岩杂岩体侵位于华北克拉通北缘,为硅不饱和过钾质碱性岩,起源于受古亚洲洋俯冲物质改造过的富集岩石圈地幔。矾山杂岩体侵位于晚三叠世,是华北克拉通北缘三叠纪碱性岩带的代表性岩体之一。本文利用电子探针(EMPA)和激光等离子质谱仪(LA-ICPMS)获得了该特殊岩浆体系下黑云母的主量和微量元素组成,并讨论了其成岩指示意义。矾山杂岩体各类型岩石中的云母均为黑云母,Fe/(Fe+Mg)为0.32~0.57,∑Al为1.179~1.375。黑云母成分记录石榴石辉石正长岩结晶时体系氧逸度LogfO_2=-12.5~-15,温度为680~780℃。矾山杂岩体的黑云母具有极低的稀土元素含量(小于0.100×10~(-6)~1.077×10~(-6)),对全岩稀土元素配分型式基本上没有影响。在微量元素组成上,黑云母是元素Rb、Ba、Nb、Ta、V、Cr、co和Ni的主要载体,其Sr、Zr、Hf、Y、Sc、Th和U的含量明显低于全岩。黑云母成分反映矾山杂岩体岩浆体系以富Fe、高氧逸度为特征,这可能是该杂岩体发育具有经济价值铁矿床的原因之一。     

Determination of Rare Earth Elements and Y in Ultramafic Rocks by ICP-MS After Preconcentration Using Fe(OH)3 and Mg(OH)2 Coprecipitation

A simple and reliable method to separate rare earth elements (REE) from Mg, Fe, K, Na, Ca and Ba in ultramafic rocks has been developed, thereby concentrating their abundances. The sample (0.3 g) was digested with HF and HNO₃ in a PTFE bomb, placed in a stainless steel container and, after drying, the insoluble residue was dissolved in 6 ml of 10% v/v HNO₃. Following the addition of 50% triethanolamine and 30% m/v NaOH solution, the REE were precipitated along with Mg(OH)₂, such that the majority of Fe, K and Na in the solution could be separated by centrifuging. The precipitate was dissolved in 1 ml HNO₃ and a buffer solution of NH₄Cl/NH₄OH at pH = 9.0 was added to precipitate the REE along with any remaining Fe as Fe(OH)₃, and so achieve separation from Mg, Ca and Ba, which remained in the solution. In this way, REE could be separated from major elements and were concentrated by a factor of about 60. The recovery of REE was more than 95% using this method. Four ultramafic rock reference materials, PCC-1 (USGS), JP-1 (GSJ), DZE-1, DZE-2 (IGGE) and one new proficiency testing sample GeoPT12 (GAS Serpentinite) were analysed by ICP-MS using indium as an internal standard. The quantitation limits were about 0.02–0.2 ng g⁻¹. Smooth chondrite-normalised REE patterns were obtained with a precision for REE determination of about 2–9%.     

甘肃北山二叠纪镁铁-超镁铁质岩体地质、地球化学特征及铜镍成矿潜力

北山造山带是中亚造山带南缘镁铁-超镁铁质岩体的集中分布区之一,因其赋含二叠纪铜镍硫化物矿床而受到广泛关注。以往的研究多集中在北山造山带西部的新疆坡北地区,近年来随着对甘肃北山地区二叠纪镁铁-超镁铁岩体认识逐渐深入,新发现的矿化岩体有逐渐向东延伸的趋势。本文选择北山造山带中东部柳园地区骆驼山和西南山两个典型含铜镍硫化物岩体进行地质年代学、岩相学和岩石地球化学及同位素地球化学研究。岩体主要岩相包括橄榄岩相、辉石岩相、橄榄辉长岩相、橄长岩相和辉长岩相,其中硫化物主要出现在橄榄岩相和辉石岩相中。骆驼山岩体辉长岩锆石的U-Pb年龄为282.6 Ma,与坡北地区矿化岩体的形成时代一致。骆驼山和西南山岩体母岩浆稀土元素配分模式为轻微右倾型,富集大离子亲石元素,强烈亏损高场强元素Nb-Ta,中等亏损Zr-Hf,与坡北和东天山地区同时代矿化岩体母岩浆特征相似。岩体具有较高的全岩ε_Nd(t)值(+0.42～+6.10)和锆石ε_Hf(t)值(+7.9～+14.1)的特征,与坡北地区矿化岩体类似,表明具有相似的亏损地幔源区。橄榄石Fo值与Ni含量的关系和母岩浆微量元...     

云南景洪南联山橄榄岩—闪长岩型岩体的特征及地质意义

岩相学和地球化学特征表明,南联山岩体是岩浆侵位的,岩石的分布显示环带构造;从中心向外依次为角闪橄榄岩、辉绿(辉长)岩和闪长岩。它们的结构和化学特征指示,这些岩石是由辉长-闪长岩质的岩浆结晶分异作用而形成的,角闪橄榄岩和部分辉绿岩为堆晶岩,其它的岩石为堆晶作用后分异而成的岩浆共结结晶作用所形成。原始岩浆的成分类似于高铝玄武岩和(或)玄武质安山岩。     

Determination of Trace Element Mass Fractions in Ultramafic Rocks by HR‐ICP‐MS: A Combined Approach Using a Direct Digestion/Dilution Method and Preconcentration by Coprecipitation

A procedure is described for the determination of thirty‐seven minor and trace elements (LILE, REE, HFSE, U, Th, Pb, transition elements and Ga) in ultramafic rocks. After Tm addition and acid sample digestion, compositions were determined both following a direct digestion/dilution method (without element separation) and after a preconcentration procedure using a double coprecipitation process. Four ultramafic reference materials were investigated to test and validate our procedure (UB‐N, MGL‐GAS [GeoPT12], JP‐1 and DTS‐2B). Results obtained following the preconcentration procedure are in good agreement with previously published work on REE, HFSE, U, Th, Pb and some of the transition elements (Sc, Ti, V). This procedure has two major advantages: (a) it avoids any matrix effect resulting from the high Mg content of peridotite, and (b) it allows the preconcentration of a larger trace element set than with previous methods. Other elements (LILE, other transition elements Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, as well as Ga) were not fully coprecipitated with the preconcentration method and could only be accurately determined through the direct digestion/dilution method.     

Geochemical characteristics of the platinum-group elements in the Abulangdang ultramafic intrusion,Sichuan Province,China

The contents of the platinum-group elements (PGEs: Os, Ir, Ru, Rh, Pt, Pd) in the Abulangdang ultramafic intrusion have been determined using ICP-MS after nickel sulfide fire assay preconcentration. Different samples show significant differences in absolute PGE abundance. They display a pronounced negative incline in mantle-normalized patterns which are characterized by strong enrichment in IPGEs (Os, Ir, Ru) and depleting to slight enrichment in PPGEs (Rh, Pt, Pd). The characteristics of PGE distribution in the Abulangdang rocks are due to the combined action of sulfide and non-sulfide (spinel/chromite or alloy or micro-granular aggregation of metals). In comparison with the mafic-ultramafic rocks which host Ni-Cu-PGE deposits in the Emeishan Large Igneous Province (ELIP), it is assumed that the Abulangdang ultramafic intrusion may be the product of early-stage magma activity in the ELIP.     

镁铁-超镁铁岩的自然组合与铬镍矿床的成矿专属性

基于幔源岩石产出的不同岩石组合与铬镍的浓集关系得出:铬矿体的寄主岩相优选于M/F值6～12区间内,专属于超镁铁质岩区和岩体,寄主岩相造岩矿物橄榄石专属于镁橄榄石,副矿物铬尖晶石富Mg和Cr.镍矿体寄主岩相的M/F值介于2～6,造岩矿物橄榄石为贵橄榄石,副矿物铬尖晶石相对富Fe贫Mg和Cr.铬和镍对不同Si-O系统的选择,制约于系统能量效应的不同.氧逸度(fo2)达1.013×10-3.5Pa时有利于铬尖晶石的生成.镁铁质岩浆同化地壳是获取硫得以产出硫化物矿石的必要条件.岩浆中地壳Ca、Al、Na、Si等造岩组分的加入有利于镍矿浆的熔离,并导致超镁铁载镍岩相必含有少量斜长石.     

东昆仑夏日哈木铜镍矿镁铁质超镁铁质岩体岩相学、锆石U-Pb年代学、地球化学及其构造意义

文章报道了东昆仑夏日哈木铜镍矿成矿岩体的岩相学、锆石U-Pb年代学、全岩地球化学以及锆石Hf同位素资料,以确定该岩体的形成时代、岩石成因及其形成的构造环境。夏日哈木Ⅰ号镁铁质超镁铁质岩体位于昆中基底隆起花岗岩带中段,北侧靠近昆北断裂。岩体走向NEE,剖面呈平缓的“岩盆状”,地表出露面积约0.7 km2。该杂岩体主要由辉长苏长岩、斜方辉石岩、橄榄辉石岩、斜长二辉橄榄岩和方辉橄榄岩组成,橄榄岩相和辉石岩相是主要的Cu、Ni赋矿岩相。镁铁质超镁铁质岩体主量元素具有低硅(w(SiO₂)=36.68%~52.58%)、低钛(w(TiO2)=0.13%~0.47%)、高镁(w(MgO)=10.91%~35.81%)、贫碱(w(K₂O+Na₂O)=0.26%~1.95%)的特征,属亚碱性系列岩石,m/f为3.88~6.29,属铁质超基性岩类(m/f=2~6.5)。岩石稀土元素球粒陨石标准化配分模式为轻稀土富集型,(La/Yb)N=1.44~2.98,Eu异常不明显,相似的稀土元素配分模式说明岩体的同源性。岩石富集大离子亲石元素(Rb、Th、U、K),相对亏损高场强元素(Nb、Ta)。岩体中存在新元古代花岗岩的捕虏体以及La/Yb、Ce/Yb、Th/Yb、Nb/La、La/Sm比值显示岩体经历了有限的地壳混染。辉长苏长岩锆石的LA-MC ICPMS、U-Pb年代学研究表明,岩体形成年龄为(423±1) Ma,MSWD=0.14,属晚志留世。锆石的176Hf/177Hf比值为0.282 628~0.282 833,相应的εHf(t)均为正值(4.0~10.9),Lu-Hf的单阶段模式年龄(tDM1)为610~875 Ma,平均值为788 Ma,大于锆石U-Pb年龄。研究认为,岩体的岩浆源区主要为亏损地幔,可能有早期流体交代的富集岩石圈地幔组分的加入和地壳物质的混染。结合区域构造演化,文章认为岩体形成于碰撞后伸展的构造环境,可能与俯冲板片的断离作用有关。岩浆演化过程中橄榄石和斜方辉石的分离结晶作用和地壳中硫的加入可能是促使岩浆体系达到硫饱和的主要机制。     

超基性岩红土风化壳中铂族元素(PGE)的地球化学特征及其表生行为:来自印尼与中国不同气候环境红土剖面的对比研究

选择印度尼西亚苏拉威西岛Kolonodale地区和中国云南省元江地区的两处红土剖面为研究对象,对比研究不同气候环境下PGE在超基性岩红土风化壳中的地球化学特征及其表生行为。测试数据表明,PGE在两例红土剖面中都表现出了不同程度的表生富集效应,相对于基岩的最大富集系数分别达5.42(Kolonodale剖面)和6.52(元江剖面),并且PGE在风化产物中的富集系数与样品的红土化强弱指标(S/SAF值)关系密切。但PGE在两例剖面中的垂向分布特征明显不同,它们的含量曲线分别呈"哑铃状"(Kolonodale剖面)和"倒勺子状"(元江剖面)。地球化学证据指示,风化壳中的PGE主要源自基岩中的铬铁矿,它在超基性岩红土化过程中的表生行为与Fe和Cr等元素高度一致,显示出残余富集的习性。这种机制导致了PGE富集段出现在元江和Kolonodale风化壳剖面的上部(红土层)。此外,气候环境通过制约基岩的红土化程度来对PGE的表生行为产生影响。Kolonodale剖面的红土化程度高于元江剖面,PGE在强烈红土化作用下会在风化壳内部发生迁移再分配,这是导致在Kolonodale剖面的腐岩层中也出现PGE富集现象的可能机制。研究进一步证实,Pd和Os在红土化程度较高的风化壳中活动迁移性较强,它们会与Pt、Ir、Ru和Rh等元素发生相对明显的内部分异。除此之外,在超基性岩红土化过程中IPGE与PPGE之间或PGE内部各单项元素之间的内部分异现象并不显著。