豫南高压镁铁质麻粒岩的初步研究

位于桐柏大别山造山带北缘桐柏信阳地段的豫南高压镁铁质麻粒岩块体主要由石榴角闪二辉麻粒岩类组成。其岩相学和矿物学特征表明它们曾经历过温度Ｔ／Ｋ＞１２６１．１５±５０，压力ｐ≥２．０ＧＰａ，２．０ＧＰａ～１．６ＧＰａ和Ｔ／Ｋ＞９７３．１５ｐ＝１．４ＧＰａ等多阶段近等温减压变质作用，有着似大陆碰撞造山带的很陡的顺时针ｐ－Ｔ轨迹。它们形成于地壳增厚深埋和隆升减薄过程中，而终至抬升折反剥露地表的动力学，可能和壳底逆冲韧性剪切拆离伸展等多种构造作用相关     

Polyphase zircon in ultrahigh-temperature granulites (Rogaland, SW Norway): constraints for Pb diffusion in zircon

SHRIMP U–Pb ages have been obtained for zircon in granitic gneisses from the aureole of the Rogaland anorthosite–norite intrusive complex, both from the ultrahigh temperature (UHT; >900 °C pigeonite‐in) zone and from outside the hypersthene‐in isograd. Magmatic and metamorphic segments of composite zircon were characterised on the basis of electron backscattered electron and cathodoluminescence images plus trace element analysis. A sample from outside the UHT zone has magmatic cores with an age of 1034 ± 7 Ma (2σ, n = 8) and 1052 ± 5 Ma (1σ, n = 1) overgrown by M1 metamorphic rims giving ages between 1020 ± 7 and 1007 ± 5 Ma. In contrast, samples from the UHT zone exhibit four major age groups: (1) magmatic cores yielding ages over 1500 Ma (2) magmatic cores giving ages of 1034 ± 13 Ma (2σ, n = 4) and 1056 ± 10 Ma (1σ, n = 1) (3) metamorphic overgrowths ranging in age between 1017 ± 6 Ma and 992 ± 7 Ma (1σ) corresponding to the regional M1 Sveconorwegian granulite facies metamorphism, and (4) overgrowths corresponding to M2 UHT contact metamorphism giving values of 922 ± 14 Ma (2σ, n = 6). Recrystallized areas in zircon from both areas define a further age group at 974 ± 13 Ma (2σ, n = 4). This study presents the first evidence from Rogaland for new growth of zircon resulting from UHT contact metamorphism. More importantly, it shows the survival of magmatic and regional metamorphic zircon relics in rocks that experienced a thermal overprint of c. 950 °C for at least 1 Myr. Magmatic and different metamorphic zones in the same zircon are sharply bounded and preserve original crystallization age information, a result inconsistent with some experimental data on Pb diffusion in zircon which predict measurable Pb diffusion under such conditions. The implication is that resetting of zircon ages by diffusion during M2 was negligible in these dry granulite facies rocks. Imaging and Th/U–Y systematics indicate that the main processes affecting zircon were dissolution‐reprecipitation in a closed system and solid‐state recrystallization during and soon after M1.     

First Report of Sapphirine+Quartz Assemblage from Southern India: Implications for Ultrahigh-temperature Metamorphism

We report here for the first time, the occurrence of sapphirine+quartz assemblage in textural equilibrium from quartzo-feldspathic and pelitic granulites from southern India. The sapphirine-bearing rocks occur as layered gneisses associated with pink granite within massive charnockite in Rajapalaiyam area in the southern part of Madurai Block. Sapphirine occurs in three associations: (i) fine-grained subhedral mineral associated with quartz enclosed in garnet, (ii) intergrowth with Al-rich orthopyroxene (up to 9.7 wt.% Al₂O₃), and (iii) in symplectitic intergrowth with orthopyroxene (Al₂O₃= 5.9–6.7 wt.%) and cordierite surrounding garnet. The sapphirine in association with quartz is slightly magnesian (X_Mg = 0.79–0.80) and low in Si content (1.55–1.56 pfu) as compared with those associated with orthopyroxene and cordierite (X_Mg= 0.77–0.79, Si = 1.59–1.63 pfu). The sapphirine+quartz assemblage suggests that the granulites underwent T>1050 °C peak metamorphism. Cores of porphyroblastic orthopyroxene in the sapphirine-bearing rocks shows high-Al₂O₃ content of up to 9.7 wt.%, suggesting T = 1040–1060°C and P = 8 kbar. FMAS reaction of sapphirine+quartz→garnet+sillimanite+cordierite indicates a cooling from sapphirine+quartz stability field after the peak ultrahigh-temperature metamorphism. Slightly lower temperature estimates from ternary feldspar and sapphirine-spinel geothermometers (T = 950–1000°C) also support a post-peak isobaric cooling. Corona textures of orthopyroxene+cordierite (±sapphirine), orthopyroxene+sapphirine, and cordierite+spinel around garnet suggest subsequent decompression. The sapphirine-quartz association and related textures reported in this study have important bearing on the ultrahigh-temperature metamorphism and exhumation history of the Madurai Block as well as on the tectonic evolution of the continental deep crust in southern India.     

Petrology and in situ U-Th-Pb Monazite Geochronology of Ultrahigh-Temperature Metamorphism from the Andriamena Mafic Unit, North-Central Madagascar. Significance of a Petrographical P-T Path in a Polymetamorphic Context

Petrological studies and electron microprobe dating of monazitefrom the mafic Andriamena unit, north–central Madagascar,indicate that an apparently continuous P–T path inferredfor Mg-granulites is actually discontinuous, resulting fromthe superposition of two distinct metamorphic events at 2·5Ga and     

Reaction history of sapphirine granulites and a decompressional P-T path in a granulite complex from the Eastern Ghats

The sapphirine granulites from G. Madugula, Eastern Ghats preserve a variety of mineral textures and reactions. Corona and reaction textures are used in conjunction with mineral compositions to construct a sequence of metamorphic reactions describing the mineralogical evolution of sapphirine granulites. An early stage is characterized by the development of sapphirine + quartz, spinel + quartz in textural equilibrium, and possible relicts after osumilite during peak metamorphic conditions. Sapphirine/spinel crystals were later detached from quartz in the form of mineral coronas. During a subsequent sapphirine-cordierite stage, several cordierite forming reactions reflect decreasingP-T conditions. Finally during the late stage, a few samples show evidence of retrogressive hydration. Sapphirine is rather iron-rich (12.8 wt%) and the Mg number in the analysed minerals varies in the order: cordierite > phlogopite > sapphirine > orthopyroxene > spinel > garnet.P-T conditions of metamorphism have been constrained through the application of geothermobarometry and thermodynamically calibrated MAS equilibria.P-T vectors from granulite facies rocks in the G. Madugula area indicate that the rocks experienced substantial decompression (up to 3 kbar) and moderate cooling (150–200°C) subsequent to peak conditions of metamorphism (8.4 kbar, > 900°C). The decompressionalP-T history of sapphirine granulites interpreted from textural features and thermobarometric estimates suggest that they may have eventually resulted from exhumation of thickened crust.     

Melting, carbonic fluids and water recycling in the deep crust: an example from the Limpopo Belt, South Africa

The proposed retrograde orthoamphibole isograd in the Southern Marginal Zone of the Limpopo Belt separates hydrated, amphibolite grade metapelites from their granulite grade precursors and provides an intriguing geological dilemma. Widespread rehydration of metapelitic granulites under conditions of 660–600 °C and ≥0.6 GPa, and CO₂-dominated fluid-inclusion populations appear to suggest thorough flushing of the high-grade crust with an externally derived carbonic fluid. However, past studies of the carbon and oxygen isotope geochemistry of the hydrated rocks have not demonstrated the involvement of any voluminous out of equilibrium’ fluid in the evolution of the rocks. This contribution proposes a model wherein the hydrating fluids are derived from crystallizing anatectic leucosomes, generated by in situ fluid-absent biotite melting along the prograde path. Model equilibrium fluid compositions suggest that reaction between this melt-derived H₂O and biogenic graphite produced CO₂-rich fluid compositions and potentially high fluid:rock ratios at the wet granite solidus. Declining temperature resulted in fluid compositions shifting to higher XH₂O, with the precipitation of graphite essentially at the sites of initial fluid generation, thereby preserving original (pre-metamorphic) isotopic heterogeneities. The hydration pattern of the Southern Marginal Zone appears to be a function of melt migration. In the hydrated zone, leucosomes generally approximate minimum melt compositions and in this zone H₂O was effectively recycled between the prograde and retrograde assemblages. In contrast, leucosomes in the granulite grade portion of the terrane have lost a K₂O- and H₂O-rich melt fraction, and although some hydration has occurred in this zone, orthopyroxene is generally preserved in metapelites. In a general context, in situ crystallization of graphitic partially melted source rocks has the potential to produce high fluid-rock ratios at temperatures close to the wet granite solidus. This single process holds the potential for widespread retrogression of formerly high-grade assemblages, at a variety of aH₂O values, without external fluid input.     

Contrasting sapphirine parageneses from Wilson Lake, Labrador and their tectonic implications

Abstract Regionally distributed pelitic granulites in the Wilson Lake region contain the assemblage sapphirine + hypersthene + sillimanite + quartz. Geochronology and geobarometry suggest it developed in early Proterozoic rocks at temperatures approaching 900°C and pressures above 10 kbar. Vein-like metasomatized rocks around a suite of mafic to ultramafic intrusions, emplaced near the peak of metamorphism about 1700 Ma ago, contain sapphirine, but these assemblages developed at temperatures near 750°C and pressures of 4.5 kbar. Both types of assemblage occur as relics in amphibolite-grade (biotite–sillimanite) migmatites.
P–T determinations indicate rapid isothermal uplift of 20 km accompanied by mafic intrusion and hydration. The metamorphic history and tectonic setting suggest exposure of deep continental crust by thrusting during continental collision, followed by essentially isothermal decompression.     

塔里木盆地东南缘安南坝地区镁铁质麻粒岩的成因——来自地球化学及Sr-Nd-Pb同位素的制约

甘肃阿克塞县安南坝地区镁铁质麻粒岩呈脉状、透镜状赋存于新太古代米兰岩群和TTG片麻岩中。岩石主要由斜长石(Pl)+斜方辉石(Opx)+单斜辉石(Cpx)+角闪石(Amp)+磁铁矿(Mt)等组成。安南坝镁铁质麻粒岩中Ti、P、Nb、Ta、Th、Hf、Sr及REE等元素与Zr相关性较好,表明其在变质作用过程中保持基本稳定。地球化学数据显示其原岩属于拉斑玄武质岩系列,Si O_2、Ti O_2、Al_2O_3、P_2O_5含量相对较低,Ca O、Mg O含量相对较高。Mg~#值为41.52~43.09,低于原生玄武质岩石的Mg~#值,Fe_2O_3~T、Mg O、Ca O与Si O_2含量呈负相关性,指示原岩岩浆演化过程中可能发生了辉石、角闪石等镁铁质矿物的分异结晶作用。镁铁质麻粒岩∑REE较低,稀土元素配分模式为轻稀土元素弱富集、重稀土元素相对平坦的右倾型,Eu异常不明显(Eu/Eu~*=0.91~1.01)。岩石富集Rb、Ba、Sr等大离子亲石元素,亏损Nb、Ta、Zr、Ti等高场强元素,具有显生宙典型岛弧玄武质岩石的地球化学特征。Sr、Nd、Pb同位素组成显示镁铁质麻粒岩原岩源自富集地幔,并受到一定程度的地壳物质混染。构造环境分析表明安南坝镁铁质麻粒岩原岩形成于与俯冲有关的岛弧环境。在俯冲作用机制下,俯冲板片流体交代使地幔楔发生富集,形成富集地幔,随着(弧后)伸展作用的加强,进一步诱发富集地幔的部分熔融形成镁铁质岩浆,最终岩浆就位形成辉长岩或辉绿岩脉,后期在麻粒岩相变质作用条件下变质为镁铁质麻粒岩。     

承德北部高压基性麻粒岩的同位素年龄及其地质意义

最近在承德市北部地区发现了许多呈透镜状包体产于花岗片麻岩中的高压基性麻粒岩。运用全岩Ｓｍ －Ｎｄ、Ｒｂ－Ｓｒ、单颗粒锆石Ｕ－Ｐｂ 等多种同位素方法对这些高压麻粒岩进行了年代测定,得出了７个可供研究的年龄数据,即全岩Ｓｍ －Ｎｄ 等时线年龄２５５０±２１Ｍａ和３０６０±２．３Ｍａ,全岩Ｒｂ－Ｓｒ等时线年龄１５５０±３３Ｍａ 和１５６８Ｍａ,和单颗粒锆石Ｕ－Ｐｂ 同位素不一致线的上、下交点年龄分别为３４３２±５５６Ｍａ 和１８１７±１７Ｍａ, 颗粒锆石的谐和年龄１８３１±４ Ｍａ。在详细分析这些年代学数据可能的地质解释的基础上,认为该区的高压麻粒岩经历了复杂的地质演化过程,推测其原岩最早可能形成于新太古代早期至中太古代,并经受了太古宙末期花岗质岩浆侵入和变质作用改造。但其高压麻粒岩相变质很可能是古元古代末一次碰撞造山作用的产物, 最终进入上地壳可能在中元古代早期才完成, 与中元古代地壳的大规模拉张和燕辽裂陷槽的形成有关     

Geochemistry Of The GuaxupÉ Granulites, Minas Gerais, Brazil

Geochemical data for granulite terrain are presented in the northernmost portion of the Guaxupé Massif, at Mantiqueira Province, SE Brazil. Several types of granulites are recognized in the area: basic, intermediate and acid granulite. Major and trace elements (including REE) point to only one magma source for these granulites generated at different times. Geochemical data point to plagioclase and apatite fractionation as the responsable by the REE behaviour in intermediate and more basic rocks. Overall composition of the Guaxupé Granulites is similar to average described worldwide in the literature to the lower crust.