Behaviour of colloidal trace metals (Cu, Pb and Cd) in estuarine waters: An approach using frontal ultrafiltration (UF) and stripping chronopotentiometric methods (SCP)

The frontal cascade ultrafiltration (UF) technique in conjunction with stripping chronopotentiometry (SCP) has been evaluated for determining the colloidal distribution of Cu, Pb and Cd in estuarine waters. Metallic concentrations in seven size fractions (0.45 μm–0.22 μm; 0.22 μm–300 kDa; 300–50 kDa; 50–30 kDa; 30–10 kDa; 10–5 kDa; <5 kDa) were determined with the aim to investigate their changes along the salinity gradient of the Penzé system (NW France). These data, completed by analysis of the total dissolved metals at 10 stations over the whole freshwater–seawater mixing zone, provided some insights in the removal and addition processes that affect Cu, Pb and Cd in estuaries.     

超滤技术在卡拉胶低聚糖分离纯化中的应用

超过滤法是在常规微粒过滤基础上发展起来的细微粒子过滤新技术,是膜法分离的一种,在化工、制药和食品等工业中以及在医学、生物学和环保等领域中都得到了广泛的应用。本文采用超过滤法对卡拉胶低聚糖进行了分离纯化,结果表明超滤可快速简便地将高分散性的低聚糖体系分成几个分子量不同的组分。     

Colloid''''s influences on microalgae growth as a potential environmental factor

INTRODUCTIONFormanyyears ,environmentalfactorsinfluencingmicroalgagrowthhadbeenstudiedbymanyresearchers .Thesefactorsincludedtemperature ,light,nutrientcomposition ,tracemetalsandtheirtoxicity ,etc . (Rhee&Gotham ,1 981 ;Morel,1 987;Fujimotoetal.,1 997;Geideretal.,1 998) .Colloid ,animportantexistingformofmatterinseawater,alsohadbeenstudiedwidelyinre centyears.Itiswidelyknownnowthatcolloidservesasanoceanic“colloidpump” (Honeyman&Santschi,1 991 ) .Reviewsofthebasiccharacteristicsandpr…     

荷电耐污染超滤膜分离、纯化海藻酸钠的研究

采用PAN(聚丙烯腈)、季胺化的PAN-CO-DMAEMA、DMF等混合溶液制备荷电耐污染超滤膜。在改进消化条件的基础上,对酸凝—酸化法提取海藻酸钠的工艺做了进一步优化。得到的较佳工艺条件为:先用1%甲醛溶液浸泡海带4h,用4%Na2CO3溶液常温消化3h后,用盐酸溶液沉淀出海藻酸,用1%Na2CO3中和海藻酸胶块,再用90mL浓度为10%的次氯酸钠溶液脱色1h,采用膜分离技术超滤后加入无水乙醇析出絮凝状海藻酸钠,最后烘干至恒重,粉碎得海藻酸钠成品。分析结果表明,海藻酸钠性征和得率均有明显改善。     

黄河、长江、钱塘江水样中胶体对铅吸附络合容量的影响

用过滤和切向超滤将黄河、长江和钱塘江的水样分成＜ １ ．０μｍ 、＜ ０ ．４μｍ 和＜ ５０００Ｄａｌｔｏｎ （ 相当于１ ．５ｎｍ 孔径） 三种级分,对铅在不同级分上的吸附络合容量进行了初步探讨。铅在不同级分上的吸附络合容量差别很大,滤膜孔径越小,吸附络合容量越小。的黄河水样真溶液中的配体对铅的键合能力相对较强,而粒级较大的络合能力相对较弱;长江水样较大粒级的配体对铅的键合能力相对较强;钱塘江水样的各粒级配体的键合能力相似。胶体对三种江河水体的吸附络合容量具有很大贡献,黄河水样＜ １ ．０μｍ 的吸附络合容量中,１ ．５ｎｍ ～１ ．０μｍ 的胶体部分的吸附络合容量占总量的８２ ．５ ％ ,其中以０ ．４ ～１ ．０μｍ 大粒径胶体为主;长江和钱塘江水样中１ ．５ｎｍ ～１ ．０μｍ 的胶体部分的吸附络合容量分别达到了总量的５７ ．７ ％ 和５６ ．８ ％ 。