Distribution of the organic matter in the channel-levees systems of the Congo mud-rich deep-sea fan (West Africa). Implication for deep offshore petroleum source rocks and global carbon cycle

The quantity and the source of organic matter preserved in the Recent turbiditic channel-levees systems around 4000 m-depth off the Congo River were determined using bulk geochemical approaches (Rock-Eval, elemental and isotopic analyses) as well as molecular and optical analyses on selected samples. These mud-rich sediments contain high amount of organic matter (3% Corg on average), the origin of which is a mixture of terrestrial higher-plant debris and deeply oxidized phytoplanktonic material. Although the relative contribution of continental source versus marine source of the organic matter cannot be precisely quantified, the continental fraction appears significant (at least 70–80%) especially for such depths and distances from the coast. The organic matter distribution appears very homogeneous at different scales, from the single turbiditic event to the entire levee, and changes in accumulation rates have a little impact on the quantity and quality of preserved organic matter.     

墨西哥湾南部晚侏罗纪主力烃源岩的形成条件

通过对墨西哥湾不同时代可采储量的分布特征和油源对比资料的分析认为,晚侏罗纪烃源岩是墨西哥湾南部最主要的烃源岩。资料显示,晚侏罗纪优质烃源岩形成的主控因素是稳定的构造和沉积条件以及超咸的还原环境,其中,"世界顶级"的晚侏罗纪提塘阶烃源岩主要形成于超咸的碳酸盐岩和/或蒸发岩沉积环境,属半深海还原环境,有机质以藻类为主,推测烃源岩中的有机质可能与极端干旱气候条件下的藻类勃发有关。     

柴北缘鱼卡河榴辉岩围岩的变质时代及其地质意义

利用阴极发光和LA-ICP-MS原位分析方法,对柴北缘鱼卡河超高压榴辉岩的直接围岩——石榴石白云母角闪钠长片麻岩和含蓝晶石的石榴石云母片岩进行了详细的锆石微量元素和U-Th-Pb同位素分析。结果表明,石榴石白云母角闪钠长片麻岩中的锆石主体呈浑圆状形态,内部结构以扇状和冷杉树状为主,稀土总量和重稀土含量均较低,重稀土富集程度低,具明显正Eu异常,Th/U比值均小于0.1,指示其形成在与石榴石平衡共生而不含斜长石的变质条件下。而含蓝晶石的石榴石云母片岩中的锆石显示明显的核-边结构,核部显示碎屑锆石特征,边部为与石榴石共生的变质新生锆石。LA-ICP-MS原位定年获得两种围岩的峰期变质年龄分别为(431±3)Ma和(432±19)Ma。这两组年龄在误差范围内一致,而且与已获得的紧邻的两类超高压榴辉岩的变质年龄((436±3)Ma和(431±4)Ma)以及带内指示大陆深俯冲作用时代的都兰含柯石英副片麻岩锆石的柯石英微区年龄(424~432Ma)完全一致。参考这两类岩石与超高压榴辉岩的野外产状关系、含蓝晶石的石榴石云母片岩的原岩特征以及榴辉岩中超过变质年龄达300Ma的原岩残核的存在,共同表明,柴北缘鱼卡河超高压变质地体是典型的大陆深俯冲碰撞作用的产物,本区大陆深俯冲发生的时代为430~435Ma的早古生代。     

中国斑岩铜矿与埃达克(质)岩关系探讨

对比研究了中国26个主要斑岩铜矿的地球化学特征和年代学,结果表明其中25个矿床与埃达克(质)岩有成因联系,且多数与玄武质下地壳熔融形成的埃达克岩(C型)有关,现有数据表明土屋-延东和普朗斑岩铜矿可能与俯冲板片熔融形成的埃达克岩(O型)有关。容矿斑岩的初始锶值为0.7034～0.7090,均大于洋中脊玄武岩和亏损地幔的初始锶值,多数与EMI的初始锶值接近,推测其源区或源岩主要为玄武质下地壳,少数为洋中脊玄武岩,并受到中、上地壳不同程度的混染,这与两类埃达克岩的源区基本一致。虽然埃达克质岩浆具有形成斑岩铜矿的巨大潜力,但并非所有埃达克岩都能成矿,不同岩体需具体分析。     

广州增城地质公园安山质-流纹质火山岩地球化学特征及Rb-Sr年龄测定

广州市增城地质公园发育有大量的燕山期安山岩和流纹岩,由于缺少详细的岩石地球化学研究,这些火山岩的成因和所代表的大地构造意义一直未明确.文章对上述火山岩进行了较为系统的全岩地球化学以及同位素地球化学分析.研究结果显示,安山岩具有安第斯型火山岩特点,显示Nb、Ta、Sr和Ti的亏损,Isr值介于0.70332～0.7144...     

有机地球化学指标的分析

有机地球化学的指标经过近几十年的研究,已能较好地指导油气勘探工作。通过对未熟—低熟烃源岩及原油与成熟烃源岩及原油的有机地球化学指标的比较,着重论述了未熟—低熟油、源中可用的指标系列及内涵,指出成熟度方面甾烷C2920Rββ/(αα ββ)、αααC2920S/(20S 20R)及βα-莫烷/αβ-藿烷和ββ-藿烷等是比较可靠的地球化学参数;在生源方面非环状类异戊二烯化合物、三环萜烷和四环萜烷系列等是可靠的标志物;形成环境方面β-胡萝卜烷及重排甾烷/规则甾烷等都是重要的指标。     

Chronology and Geochemistry of Volcanic Rocks in the Cretaceous Suifenhe Formation in Eastern Heilongjiang, China

Zircon U-Pb ages and geochemical data of volcanic rocks in the Suifenhe Formation in eastern Heilongjiang Province are reported, and their petrogenesis is discussed in this paper. The Suifenhe Formation mainly consists of basalt, andesite, and dacite. Zircon from andesite and dacite are euhedral in shape and show typical oscillatory zoning with high Th/U ratios (0.18-0.57), implying its magmatic origin. Zircon U-Pb dating results by laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (LA-ICP-MS) indicate that the 206Pb/238U ages of zircons from andesite range within 105-106 Ma, yielding a weighted mean age of 105.5±0.8 Ma (n=14), and that 206Pb/238U ages of zircons from dacite are between 90-96 Ma, yielding a weighted mean age of 93.2±1.3 Ma (n =13). The volcanic rocks from the Suifenhe Formation are subalkaline series and show a calc-alkaline evolutionary trend with SiO2 content of 47.69%-65.47%, MgO contents of 1.42%-6.80% (Mg#= 45-53), and Na2O/K2O ratios of 1.83-3.63. They are characterized by enrichment in large ion lithophile elements (LILE) and light-rare-earth elements (LREE), depletion in heavy rare earth elements (HREE) and high field strength elements (HFSE) (e.g., Nb, Ta, Ti), and low initial 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7041-0.7057) and positiveεNd(t) values (039-4.08), implying that they could be derived from a depleted magma source. Taken together, these results suggest that the primary magma of the volcanic rocks might originate from partial melting of the mantle wedge metasomatized by fluids derived from subducted slab under a tectonic setting of active continental margin.     

西南天山阔克萨彦岭巴雷公镁铁质岩石的地球化学特征、LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年龄及其大地构造意义

巴雷公镁铁—超镁铁质岩套出露于南天山阔克萨彦岭地区,本文对其中的镁铁质岩石进行了详细的地球化学和锆石U-Pb年代学研究。岩石学和地球化学特征表明：巴雷公镁铁质岩石主要为洋岛拉斑岩石系列,P2O5 (0.33%~0.75%)、TiO2 (2.49%~370%)、TFe2O3 (12.69%~15.63%)含量高,富集轻稀土,LREE/HREE分异明显,(La /Yb)N介于3.66~6.54之间。 Cr (28.93×10-6~123.99×10-6)、Co (44.04×10-6~52.40×10-6)和Ni (25.61×10-6~63.04×10-6)含量低,且Ni、Cr与MgO呈正相关关系指示其母岩浆在岩浆房中或上升途中经受了橄榄石和尖晶石分离结晶作用。Zr/Nb(7.06~7.99) 和Zr/Hf (35.98~37.53) 比值低,推测其可能来自于含石榴子石的富集地幔的深部熔融。Zr/Y—Nb/Y和Nb/Th—Zr/Nb图解显示,其源区具有EM1—EM2型地幔端元组分混入,可能主要有再循环的发生了交代熔融作用的深部大洋岩石圈的参与。锆石LA-ICPMS U-Pb定年结果表明,巴雷公洋岛火山岩的结晶年龄为450±2Ma。结合新获得的该岩套夹层灰岩中的牙行刺化石资料,指示该岩体在早石炭世以后成为蛇绿混杂岩的一部分。综合区域年代学和地球化学研究资料,推测南天山古洋盆在晚奥陶世—早志留世期间已演化成为成熟的多岛洋盆。     

铵(氮)在岩石和矿物中地球化学行为研究进展

地壳中的氮大都以NH4 储存在矿物中.由于成岩时含氮有机物质的分解作用,氮广泛分布在沉积岩和低级变质岩中;在岩浆岩和变质岩中,氮主要以NH4 存在于含钾硅酸盐(长石和云母类)中;岩浆岩的δ(15N)值和氮浓度明显地不同于沉积物和变沉积岩,主要是由于有机物的缺乏.具有明显铵含量的火成岩主要是含钾矿物的深成岩.因而NH4 可以作为一个"示踪元素"而用于成矿作用等方面的研究.文章还提出了未来的研究方向.     

Research achievements of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau based on 60 years of aeromagnetic surveys

The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (also referred to as the Plateau) has long received much attention from the community of geoscience due to its unique geographical location and rich mineral resources. This paper reviews the aeromagnetic surveys in the Plateau in the past 60 years and summarizes relevant research achievements, which mainly include the followings. (1) The boundaries between the Plateau and its surrounding regions have been clarified. In detail, its western boundary is restricted by West Kunlun-Altyn Tagh arc-shaped magnetic anomaly zone forming due to the arc-shaped connection of the Altyn Tagh and Kangxiwa faults and its eastern boundary consists of the boundaries among different magnetic fields along the Longnan (Wudu)-Kangding Fault. Meanwhile, the fault on the northern margin of the Northern Qilian Mountains serves as its northern boundary. (2) The Plateau is mainly composed of four orogens that were stitched together, namely East Kunlun-Qilian, Hoh-Xil-Songpan, Chamdo-Southwestern Sanjiang (Nujiang, Lancang, and Jinsha rivers in southeastern China), and Gangdese-Himalaya orogens. (3) The basement of the Plateau is dominated by weakly magnetic Proterozoic metamorphic rocks and lacks strongly magnetic Archean crystalline basement of stable continents such as the Tarim and Sichuan blocks. Therefore, it exhibits the characteristics of unstable orogenic basement. (4) The Yarlung-Zangbo suture zone forming due to continent-continent collisions since the Cenozoic shows double aeromagnetic anomaly zones. Therefore, it can be inferred that the Yarlung-Zangbo suture zone formed from the Indian Plate subducting towards and colliding with the Eurasian Plate twice. (5) A huge negative aeromagnetic anomaly in nearly SN trending has been discovered in the middle part of the Plateau, indicating a giant deep thermal-tectonic zone. (6) A dual-layer magnetic structure has been revealed in the Plateau. It consists of shallow magnetic anomaly zones in nearly EW and NW trending and deep magnetic anomaly zones in nearly SN trending. They overlap vertically and cross horizontally, showing the flyover-type geological structure of the Plateau. (7) A group of NW-trending faults occur in eastern Tibet, which is intersected rather than connected by the nearly EW trending that develop in middle-west Tibet. (8) As for the central uplift zone that occurs through the Qiangtang Basin, its metamorphic basement tends to gradually descend from west to east, showing the form of steps. The Qiangtang Basin is divided into the northern and southern part by the central uplift zone in it. The basement in the Qiangtang Basin is deep in the north and west and shallow in the south and west. The basement in the northern Qiangtang Basin is deep and relatively stable and thus is more favorable for the generation and preservation of oil and gas. Up to now, 19 favorable tectonic regions of oil and gas have been determined in the Qiangtang Basin. (9) A total of 21 prospecting areas of mineral resources have been delineated and thousands of ore-bearing (or mineralization) anomalies have been discovered. Additionally, the formation and uplift mechanism of the Plateau are briefly discussed in this paper.©2021 China Geology Editorial Office.