Coercive force of single crystals of magnetite at low temperatures

The temperature dependence of coercive force H _c was studied on well-characterized and stoichiometric millimetre-sized single crystals of magnetite at a series of 16 temperatures from 300 to 10 K using a SQUID magnetometer. H _c decreases gradually with cooling to the isotropic temperature, T _i = 130 K, where the first magnetocrystalline anisotropy constant K ₁ becomes zero. H _c exhibits a sharp increase at the Verwey transition, T _v = 120 K, where the structure changes from cubic to monoclinic. In crossing the Verwey transition, H _c increases by more than two orders of magnitude, from 20 μT to 2.4 mT, and the shape of the hysteresis loops becomes wasp-waisted.
Observed coercivity between 300 K and 170 K varies with temperature as λ _s / M _s , where λ _s is the magnetostriction constant and M _s is the saturation magnetization, indicating that the coercivity in MD magnetite is controlled mainly by internal stress associated with dislocations or other crystal defects. It seems likely that the stable single-domain-like magnetic memory observed in large MD magnetite crystals is due to magnetoelastically pinned domain walls. The discontinuous change in H _c at the Verwey transition is controlled by abrupt changes in magnetocrystalline and magnetostriction constants due to crystal deformation from cubic to monoclinic structure.     

攀西红格钒钛磁铁矿矿田富钴硫化物中钴的地球化学特征及其地质意义

攀西红格钒钛磁铁矿矿田白草矿区发育富钴硫化物矿物,关于其成因和形成环境方面的研究较为薄弱。本文采用矿物学、矿物化学、地球化学等方法对其进行系统研究。矿石中主要富钴硫化物为磁黄铁矿（Po）、黄铁矿（Py）、镍黄铁矿（Pn）、硫钴镍矿（Se）。磁黄铁矿Co、Ni平均质量分数分别为0.21%、0.42%,Co/Ni平均值为1.10;黄铁矿Co、Ni平均质量分数分别为0.18%、0.29%,Co/Ni平均值为0.77;镍黄铁矿Co、Ni平均质量分数分别为2.67%、34.30%,Ni/Fe平均值为1.08、S/Fe平均值为1.91、M/S^#平均值为1.13;硫钴镍矿Co、Ni平均质量分数分别为24.30%、22.90%,Co/Ni平均值为1.06。根据Po-Py矿物温度计,白草矿区富钴硫化物结晶温度在267~490℃之间,表明其形成于中高温的条件。通过与地幔包体镍黄铁矿S/Fe、M/S^#特征值的对比,结合磁黄铁矿具有陨硫铁（Tr）同质多象晶体的特征,认为白草矿区硫化物具有地幔源的特征,说明成矿物质来源于地幔。白草矿区钴地球化学特征研究表明,在硫化物熔体分离过程中,钴迁移至单硫化物固溶体形成Po-Py固溶体,再由Po-Py固溶体中迁移至Pn、Se,形成了Se、Pn、Po-Py、Ccp（黄铜矿）中Co质量分数依次递减的现象。     

胶东西北部重熔型磁铁矿花岗岩与金矿

胶东西北部是我国最主要的金矿集中区,金矿的同源岩为滦家河花岗岩,属中深侵入体。根据它富含磁铁矿及副矿物组合,高铁低镁的黑云母,岩石化学成分,锶、氧、硫同位素组成,认为属磁铁矿花岗岩,相当于Ⅰ型花岗岩。用K、Rb、Sr、岩石化学成分,稀土元素和硫同位素判别,确认其为壳源(相当于胶东群变质岩的成分)重熔型。我国脉状金矿的容矿围岩时代老,成矿时代新,空间受构造—岩浆带制约,成矿过程脉岩活动频繁,对其原因,本文提出了一种解释。     

高精度磁测在马家店铁矿找矿中的应用

在柳河马家店铁矿中应用高精度磁法勘探,证明了磁法在寻找磁铁矿上具有显著的效果。文章通过论述磁异常特征,结合本区的地质情况,对所取得的磁异常进行定性研究,同时结合基础地质工作,在磁异常上实施工程验证,成功发现铁矿床,总结该区铁矿成矿规律,为今后物探、地质相结合的综合找矿起到了一定的指导作用。     

Evolution of the Magma Chamber beneath Usu Volcano since 1663: a Natural Laboratory for Observing Changing Phenocryst Compositions and Textures

We have investigated the evolution of an active silicic magma-feedingsystem beneath Usu volcano, Japan, where eight eruptions havebeen recorded since AD 1663. All magmatic products contain similartypes of plagioclase and orthopyroxene phenocrysts that consistof homogeneous cores with uniform compositions, and a zonedmantle that increases in size with time. The compositions ofplagioclase and orthopyroxene phenocrysts vary gradually andregularly with time, as do the bulk-rock compositions. The textureof these phenocrysts also changes systematically, caused byprogressive crystal growth, dissolution and diffusion. On thebasis of these observations, we conclude that the same magma-feedingsystem has persisted at Usu volcano since AD 1663. Compositionalvariation of magnetite phenocrysts differs from that of plagioclaseand orthopyroxene, because magnetite has large diffusion coefficientsand should represent magmatic conditions immediately beforethe eruption. Most pumices from Usu volcano contain two typesof magnetite phenocryst, each with a different composition andcrystallization temperature, indicating that two magmas mixedbefore each eruption (approximately several days before). Theend-members changed with time: rhyolite + basaltic andesite(1663); dacite ± rhyolite (1769, 1822, 1853); dacite± dacite (1977, 2000). The temperature of the magma apparentlyincreases with time, and the increase can be explained by sequentialtapping from a magma chamber with a thermal and chemical gradientin addition to injection of high-temperature magma. KEY WORDS: continuous existence of magma chamber; dacite; dissolution and diffusion of phenocrysts; magma mixing; magnetite     

甘肃德勒诺尔铁矿地质特征及找矿方向

德勒诺尔铁矿是近年新发现的大型磁铁矿床,位于祁连山造山带中祁连陆块。铁矿体赋存于蓟县系泥硅质板岩中,矿体呈层状产出,与围岩整合接触,矿石主要为变余结构、条带状构造,矿石矿物为磁铁矿,具有沉积变质特征。该矿床的发现对在中祁连地区寻找同类型矿床具有一定的指导意义,同时也填补了该区铁矿勘查找矿空白。     

新疆塔什库尔干地区磁铁矿床地质特征与找矿方向

新疆塔什库尔干地区的磁铁矿床是河南省地质调查院2003年在实施1/25万克克吐鲁克幅、塔什库尔干幅、莎车幅区域地质调查过程中发现的,也是迄今为止新疆南部最大的磁铁矿床。该矿床产出的大地构造位置独特,成矿地质条件良好,找矿潜力很大。本文根据最新找矿勘查资料,通过对矿区地质、矿体及矿石组构特征等方面的综合分析研究,认为新疆...     

Apatite Composition of Representative Magnetite‐series and Ilmenite‐series Granitoids in Japan

Apatites of representative magnetite‐series and ilmenite‐series granitoids were studied in the Japanese Islands. Concentrations of the volatile components F, Cl and SO₃ are differently distributed in apatites of these granitoid series. Apatites are always fluoroapatite. They have weakly higher F content in the ilmenite series than in the magnetite series. In contrast, Cl and SO₃, are significantly concentrated in apatites of the magnetite series compared to the ilmenite series. These characteristics reflect the original concentrations of these components in the host granitic magmas. A high fO₂ seems most important for the S‐concentration as sulfate in apatite of the magnetite series. REE and Y are only erratically high in the studied apatites.     

天然磁铁矿化学改性及其在水体除砷中的应用

铁氧化物及其复合氧化物(如菱铁矿、水铁矿)的表面电荷高、比表面积大,在特定条件下对亚砷酸盐和砷酸盐有较强的结合能力和亲和性,以铁氧化物作为吸附剂处理高砷水已经成为研究热点之一。天然磁铁矿的主要成分为Fe_3O_4,但其本身活性较弱,直接应用于处理高砷水的除砷率低。本文对天然磁铁矿采取酸化、碱化、不同温度灼烧、不同灼烧时间等简易的方法进行改性,达到有效去除水中砷的目的。实验结果表明:经0.5 mol/L盐酸浸泡、150℃灼烧10 min的改性磁铁矿分别处理As(Ⅲ)溶液和As(Ⅴ)溶液时,As(Ⅴ)去除率达98%,吸附能力显著增强,达到预期目标;溶液中As(Ⅲ)浓度从1000μg/L下降到250μg/L,去除率达75%,即As吸附能力明显优于未改性的天然磁铁矿,与其他改性铁矿除砷能力相近,而改性方法更加简便、易行。本文研究的改性天然磁铁矿吸附剂为控制高砷水的砷含量提供了一种切实可用的吸附材料。     

磁铁矿与黄铁矿双向交代研究及意义

在华北盆地南缘早古生代碳酸盐岩中,发现了包括交代假象和交代残余枯内的一系列足以支持磁铁矿与的矿之间发生双向交代作用的确凿矿物学证据,甚至在同一个磁性矿物颗粒内,还辨认出方向完全相反而且是先后发生的２种交代现象。磁铁矿（铁磁性矿物）和黄铁矿（顺磁性矿物）之间有双向交代会直接干扰古地磁数据,并影响以此为基础而开展的地块运动分析和古地理的重建。