基于模糊理论和典型线路的地质灾害评价的GIS方法研究

根据影响区域地质灾害发生的地质因素、地形因素、诱发因素和人为因素,建立区域地质灾害评价指标体系,对典型线路穿越的评价试验区进行地质灾害区域评价.由于地质灾害数据不仅含有不确定性而且还有复杂的模糊性,因而选用模糊评价方法.本文主要通过选取典型线路,采用模糊综合评判,利用GIS来进行,该研究结果表明是科学的、合理的和客观的...     

Physical and chemical effects of ingested plastic debris on short-tailed shearwaters, Puffinus tenuirostris, in the North Pacific Ocean

We investigated the plastics ingested by short-tailed shearwaters, Puffinus tenuirostris, that were accidentally caught during experimental fishing in the North Pacific Ocean in 2003 and 2005. The mean mass of plastics found in the stomach was 0.23 g per bird (n = 99). Plastic mass did not correlate with body weight. Total PCB (sum of 24 congeners) concentrations in the abdominal adipose tissue of 12 birds ranged from 45 to 529 ng/g-lipid. Although total PCBs or higher-chlorinated congeners, the mass of ingested plastic correlated positively with concentrations of lower-chlorinated congeners. The effects of toxic chemicals present in plastic debris on bird physiology should be investigated.     

Human Health Risk Assessment Model of Organic Pollution in Groundwater: Shijiazhuang Industrial Zone

In this study, a risk-based management model is developed and applied to an industrial zone. The models proposed by the United States Environmental Protection Agency and Han Bing have been improved by adding a residual ratio of volatile organic compounds (VOC) after boiling and deleting the related parameters in half-life. Using this improved model, an integrated process was used to assess human health risk level in the study area. Compared with water quality analysis, the results highlight the importance of applying an integrated approach for decision making on risk levels and water protection. The results of this study demonstrated that: (1) Compared with these permissible level standards in China (GB 3838-2002) and National Primary Drinking Water Regulations of the United States, the residents’ daily life had not been affected by the groundwater in this area (except for relative bad water quality of HB3-4 and HB3-6); (2) The typical detected organic contaminants of all groundwater samples were chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, trichloroethylene and tetrachloroethene, and the pollution sources were mainly industrial sources by preliminary investigations; (3) As for groundwater, the non-carcinogenic risk values of all samples do not exceed the permissible level of 1.0 and the carcinogenic risk values are relatively lower than the permissible level of 1.00E-06 to 1.00E-04; (4) Drinking water pathway of trichloroethylene and tetrachloroethylene mainly contribute to increasing the health risk of residents’ in study areas; (5) In terms of non-carcinogenic risk and carcinogenic risk, the health risk order for drinking water pathway and dermal contact pathway was: drinking water pathway > dermal contact pathway.     

黑河流域典型景观植被带陆面过程同步观测研究

为了解内陆河流域不同尺度内与水循环及生态过程有关的水分、热量分布规律,在黑河流域上中下游选取3个典型植被景观带建立观测场,并布设环境观测系统(ENVIS)进行环境要素的同步观测.结果表明,山区森林草地灌丛复合生态区陆面是冷性湿润的下垫面,中游绿洲荒漠接触带是干性、较湿润的下垫面,下游荒漠河岸林景观带是干热性的下垫面.     

我国风云极轨气象卫星及应用进展

我国风云极轨气象卫星数据,目前已经被应用在天气预报、气候预测、自然灾害、环境监测、科学研究等多个重要领域,为我国国民经济建设、国防建设、防灾减灾和全球许多国家的经济发展做出了重要贡献.本文介绍了我国风云极轨气象卫星的发展历程,重点阐述了目前风云极轨气象卫星在卫星数据预处理、定量产品反演、卫星资料同化等方面的应用研究进展...     

富含Na~ 、Ca~(2 )、Al~(3 )、Cr~(3 )蒙脱石对垃圾渗滤液中有机物的吸附

由于层间含有高价态金属阳离子的蒙脱石对特定有机物的吸附能力可大大增强 ,故分别用层间含有Na 、Ca2 、Al3 和Cr3 的蒙脱石对垃圾渗滤液中的有机物进行吸附实验 ,研究它们吸附苯酚、二甲苯和COD的能力及离子形态对吸附效果的影响。结果表明 ,含高价金属阳离子的蒙脱石对苯酚和COD的吸附能力较高 ,吸附能力由小到大的顺序为 :Na 相似文献   

Application of statistical methods to study seasonal variation in the mine contaminants in soil and groundwater of Goa, India

 Soil and groundwater samples were collected during two seasons, premonsoon (April 1990) and postmonsoon (December 1990), and analyzed for major elements (Na, Mg, Al, Si, P, K, Ca, Ti, Mn and Fe), trace elements (Ni, Pb, Co, Cr and Zn) and water parameters (pH, conductivity, acidity, alkalinity, hardness, Cl and SO₄). All the data were subjected to linear discriminant analysis and partial correlation analysis in order to understand the seasonal variation in the data. It was observed from the Mahalanobis generalized distance that in both soil and groundwater samples there was a large difference in the concentration level of premonsoon and postmonsoon data. Linear discriminant functions were calculated to distinguish between premonsoon and postmonsoon samples. From the partial correlation coefficient analysis of soil samples, dominance of chemical weathering and precipitation of atmospheric fallout during monsoon were inferred. In the case of the water samples, high conductivity and high hardness in the postmonsoon samples as well as atmospheric fallout of Pb and Ni during the premonsoon period was suggested from partial correlation of water samples. Received: 19 September 1995 · Accepted: 12 December 1995     

广东省铁矿成矿规律研究

成矿规律研究是矿产勘查、潜力评价等工作的基础，是研编《中国矿产地质志》的指导思想.参照《中国矿产地质志》技术要求，总结了广东省铁矿时间分布规律、8种类型铁矿床的区域成矿规律，筛选铁矿田12个、成矿系列9个、成矿亚系列11个，并归纳了铁矿床的成矿规律.     

Development of passive sampling devices for bioavailable contaminants of current and emerging concern: Waitemata Harbour case study

Bioavailable contaminant concentrations are an important component in assessing environmental effects as they directly affect ecosystem health. Shellfish contaminant monitoring programmes have traditionally filled this requirement but are being phased out in some jurisdictions. Passive sampling devices (PSDs) have the potential to replace shellfish monitoring; however, there are still knowledge gaps to address before this can occur. This study assessed the suitability of three different PSDs in providing the required information to replace shellfish monitoring. PSDs were deployed at three historic mussel monitoring sites with different levels of urban influence in the Waitemata Harbour, Auckland, New Zealand. Contaminants of interest were urban heavy metals, plus current and emerging organic contaminants. PSDs provided extremely low detection limits and, for some contaminants, very strong correlations to shellfish. PSDs can currently complement shellfish in monitoring, but it is premature to make conclusions as to the suitability of PSDs in replacing shellfish monitoring until more information is available.     

泥河湾盆地典型剖面沉积物磁化率特征及其意义

在对泥河湾盆地郝家台、小长梁、东谷坨三个典型剖面野外沉积特征初步研究的基础上,将剖面划分为四个沉积相：顶部马兰黄土堆积,上、下湖泊相和中部河流相。以１５ｃｍ为间距,系统采集了１６７４块样品,进行质量磁化率的测定与分析。结果表明：沉积物磁化率值的大小与沉积相,尤其是与沉积物的粒度相关。一般规律是滨浅湖相粉砂、粘土质粉砂的磁化率值大,而深湖相、半深湖相粘土和粉砂质粘土的磁化率值较低。磁化率值的变化在一定程度上反映了古气候的变化,磁化率高峰可能反映了干燥的气候环境,而低谷则可能反映了温湿的气候。沉积相和磁化率变化曲线相结合,将剖面分为７个对比层,初步讨论了１ＭａＢ．Ｐ．以来,盆地大概可以分为三个大的演化阶段：早期扩张期,中期收缩期,晚期扩张到收缩期。并通过剖面间的对比,初步认为剖面所含石器层的年龄大约在１Ｍａ．Ｂ．Ｐ．左右。