Distribution and source of main contaminants in surface sediments of tidal flats in the Northern Shandong Province

Twenty-nine samples of surface sediments from tidal flats in the Northern Shandong Province were collected for grain size, heavy metal(Hg, Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, and Cr), and oil pollution analyses. The geoaccumulation index(Igeo) and factor analysis were introduced to evaluate sediment quality and source of contaminants. The mean concentrations of Hg, Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, Cr, and oil in the surface sediments in the study area are 0.033, 17.756, 19.121, 55.700, 0.291, 59.563, and 14.213 μg g-1, respectively. The heavy metal contamination in the old delta lobe is slightly higher than that in the abandoned delta lobe; however, the opposite was observed for oil pollution. The Igeo results revealed that the overall quality of the surface sediments in the study area is in good condition. The heavy metal pollution levels show a descending order: Cd Hg Cr Cu Zn Pb, Cd being the main pollutant. The contamination level for in the study area is relatively lower than those for China's other tidal flats. Heavy metals are mainly derived from natural sources of rock weathering and erosion, partly influenced by industrial and agricultural discharge. However, oil pollution is mainly from runoff input, motorized fishing boat sewage, and oil exploitation.     

贵州典型喀斯特流域土地利用空间格局及水文干旱研究

干旱是全球性普遍发生的一种自然现象,而喀斯特干旱不能简单归因于"气候异常、降水量减少"。在贵州省选择40个典型流域为研究样区,利用面向对象分类技术,构建土壤水体指数(SWBI),提取土地利用类型的遥感信息;借用景观指数计算软件(Fragstats4.0),计算土地利用类型的景观密度指数(PD)、最大斑块指数(LPI)、形状指数(SI)、景观分维指数(FDI),分析土地利用类型的空间分布格局;探讨不同土地利用格局下的流域储水空间的变化、流域地表储水能力的大小,研究土地利用类型及其空间分布变化对水文干旱的影响。研究表明:①疏林、旱地和灌木林分布相对集中、空间分布变化较大,水体和城镇分布相对分散、空间分布变化较小;②土地利用类型的斑块密度分布及最大斑块分布对水文干旱影响较大,土地利用类型的斑块边界分布及斑块形状分布对水文干旱影响较小;③土地利用类型的斑块密度指数、最大斑块指数、斑块形状指数及斑块分维指数越大,则土地利用类型对水文干旱影响越小。     

The evapotranspiration and environmental controls of typical underlying surfaces on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

To reveal the characteristics of evapotranspiration and environmental control factors of typical underlying surfaces(alpine wetland and alpine meadow)on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau,a comprehensive study was performed via in situ observations and remote sensing data in the growing season and non-growing season.Evapotranspiration was positively correlated with precipitation,the decoupling coefficient,and the enhanced vegetation index,but was energy-limited and mainly controlled by the vapor pressure deficit and solar radiation at an annual scale and growing season scale,respectively.Compared with the non-growing season,monthly evapotranspiration,equilibrium evaporation,and decoupling coefficient were greater in the growing season due to lower vegetation resistance and considerable precipitation.However,these factors were restricted in the alpine meadow.The decoupling factor was more sensitive to changes of conductance in the alpine wetland.This study is of great significance for understanding hydro-meteorological processes on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau.     

中新经济走廊地质矿产特征及找矿潜力

中新经济走廊纵贯东南亚中南半岛,地处全球著名的特提斯成矿域,矿产资源丰富,但资源勘查开发水平滞后,成为中国"一带一路"战略实施的优选地区之一。该区一大批矿床的发现和一系列新矿山的陆续建成投产,必将为区域经济发展和社会进步注入新的活力。通过对中新经济走廊的大型或代表性矿床的地质特征和成矿背景的总结,并对研究区主要矿床的成矿作用、成矿模式及找矿潜力进行讨论,旨在提高对中新经济走廊矿产资源重要性的认识水平,进而为实施"一带一路"战略在东南亚地区的工作部署提供科学依据。     

基于监测数据的全国地下水质动态变化特征

地下水质动态变化及其趋势研判是区域水资源调配决策的重要依据.本文以全国2007～2017年国家级地下水监测网水质数据为基础,结合典型地区的代表性监测组分超标特征及动态趋势,开展了地下水质动态变化过程研究,结果表明:全国地下水监测中以Ⅳ类水质点占比最大,其次为Ⅱ类水质点;Ⅰ～Ⅲ类水质点数量较少,而且占比以降低为主,Ⅳ和Ⅴ...     

基于GIS 的南海中尺度涡旋典型过程的特征分析

以具有复杂时空演变过程的海洋中尺度涡旋为研究对象,以定量表达和组织涡旋典型过程案例为前提,基于Global NLOM(Naval Research Laboratory Layered Ocean Model)所得的SSH(Sea Surface Height)、SST(Sea Surface Temperature)和表层海流场,对海洋中尺度涡旋进行综合辨认和动态跟踪。以南海为例,通过提取涡旋典型过程中的典型状态,建立中尺度涡旋典型案例库。然后以库中所有过程案例为对象对涡旋进行GIS(Geographic Information System)时空特征分析。所得结果为:(1)南海中尺度涡旋整体上呈东北-西南向分布,涡旋水平移动速度为3~16 cm/s,平均速度为8.4 cm/s。(2)大部分涡旋向西移动。春夏季涡旋主要向西北方向移动,秋冬季涡旋主要向西南方向移动。(3)南海东北部涡旋主要集中在9~10月以及次年的1~2月发生,涡旋先向西北方向移动,后又转向西南方向移动,大部分中尺度涡旋不能西移太远。南海中部气旋涡主要发生在冬、春两季。一部分涡旋沿陆坡向西南运动,其中一些反气旋涡沿南海海盆向西运动。南海东南部在研究期内只有反气旋涡出现,向西或西北偏西运动,这里的涡旋比较弱,但移动距离较长,也有较长的生命周期。南海西南部夏季出现的涡旋多于冬季,且夏季的绝大部分涡旋以偶极子结构出现,该区域涡旋移动的距离较小。该研究引入GIS技术,基于大量时空数据对具有复杂时空特征的中尺度涡旋的信息进行组织、存储,以期通过对涡旋生消过程的时空分析来揭示其演变规律,为进一步研究海洋涡旋的空间推理预测奠定了坚实的基础。     

典型近岸退化珊瑚礁的成功修复案例——蜈支洲珊瑚覆盖率的恢复

在全球珊瑚礁生态系统面临退化威胁的情况下,珊瑚礁生态修复工作成为人类帮助珊瑚礁恢复健康的重要手段之一,并且在全球各个珊瑚礁区域都得到广泛应用.我国近岸珊瑚礁生态系统退化严重,本实验探讨利用珊瑚移植技术在三亚市蜈支洲岛典型的近岸珊瑚礁环境下恢复造礁石珊瑚的覆盖率,希望推动企业参与海洋生态保护并从中受益.在与当地旅游公司的...     

贵州省秋季连阴雨时空变化特征及典型过程研究

利用贵州省78个气象站1969—2019年秋季（9月1日—11月30日）的逐日降水量和日照时数资料以及同期NCEP/NCAR再分析资料，分析贵州省秋季无日照连阴雨发生频次、持续时间和时空分布特征，并选取5次典型过程进行环流诊断。结果表明：近51年来，贵州省秋季无日照雨日数10月最多，9月最少，秋季无日照雨日降水量最大的是9—10月，11月降水量最少。秋季累计贵州省平均无日照雨日数为27.3 d/a，贵州省多年平均秋季无日照降水量为183.2mm/a，均呈北多南少的分布型。贵州省东北部发生轻级（5～6 d）无日照连阴雨的频次最多，重级以上（10 d以上）无日照连阴雨过程主要发生在贵州省西北部。厄尔尼诺发生年，印度洋偶极子正位相，高原及其以西地区、印度洋多低值系统发展活动频繁，有利于贵州省出现连阴雨过程。     

The Response of Anomalous Vertically Integrated Moisture Flux Patterns Related to Drought and Flood in Southern China to Sea Surface Temperature Anomaly

With the extreme drought (flood) event in southern China from July to August in 2022 (1999) as the research object, based on the comprehensive diagnosis and composite analysis on the anomalous drought and flood years from July to August in 1961-2022, it is found that there are significant differences in the characteristics of the vertically integrated moisture flux (VIMF) anomaly circulation pattern and the VIMF convergence (VIMFC) anomaly in southern China in drought and flood years, and the VIMFC, a physical quantity, can be regarded as an indicative physical factor for the "strong signal" of drought and flood in southern China. Specifically, in drought years, the VIMF anomaly in southern China is an anticyclonic circulation pattern and the divergence characteristics of the VIMFC are prominent, while those are opposite in flood years. Based on the SST anomaly in the typical draught year of 2022 in southern China and the SST deviation distribution characteristics of abnormal draught and flood years from 1961 to 2022, five SST high impact areas (i.e., the North Pacific Ocean, Northwest Pacific Ocean, Southwest Pacific Ocean, Indian Ocean, and East Pacific Ocean) are selected via the correlation analysis of VIMFC and the global SST in the preceding months (May and June) and in the study period (July and August) in 1961-2022, and their contributions to drought and flood in southern China are quantified. Our study reveals not only the persistent anomalous variation of SST in the Pacific and the Indian Ocean but also its impact on the pattern of moisture transport. Furthermore, it can be discovered from the positive and negative phase fitting of SST that the SST composite flow field in high impact areas can exhibit two types of anomalous moisture transport structures that are opposite to each other, namely an anticyclonic (cyclonic) circulation pattern anomaly in southern China and the coastal areas of east China. These two types of opposite anomalous moisture transport structures can not only drive the formation of drought (flood) in southern China but also exert its influence on the persistent development of the extreme weather.