Application of multi-channel two-dimensional transient Rayleigh wave exploration in goaf detection

The transient Rayleigh wave exploration has high detection accuracy in shallow exploration. The effect of detection array is comprehensive reflection of the velocity of rock and soilmass. Therefore, the rolling multi-channel transient acquisition system has been adopted in this study, which turns one dimensional transient Rayleigh wave exploration into two dimensions, consequently, the two-dimensional velocity distribution of rock and soil mass under the survey line has been achieved. Through comparing with the shallow seismic reflected wave exploration, the result indicates that the rolling multi-channel transient acquisition system has accurate resolution. Thus, in the process of the shallow reflected wave exploration, if the surface wave has developed, the coalition between the reflected wave exploration and the two-dimensional transient Rayleigh wave exploration should actualize the accuracy of exp loration.     

Application of multi-channel two-dimensional transient Rayleigh wave exploration in goaf detection

The transient Rayleigh wave exploration has high detection accuracy in shallow exploration.The effect of detection array is comprehensive reflection of the velocity of rock and soil mass.Therefore,the rolling multi-channel transient acquisition system has been adopted in this study,which turns one dimensional transient Rayleigh wave exploration into two dimensions,consequently,the two-dimensional velocity distribution of rock and soil mass under the survey line has been achieved.Through comparing with the s...     

硅酸钾材料加固土遗址耐风蚀颗粒元模拟分析

西北干旱地区土遗址受风化、风蚀等破坏严重,大量土质文物亟待加固抢修。加固后土遗址的各耐环境因素及加固机制研究是土遗址加固的理论基础。首次引入颗粒元程序PFC,通过改变模型中颗粒间平行连接强度,对硅酸钾（简称PS）加固前后的土样进行数值模拟。在考虑实际土样颗粒粒径和密度的前提下,拟合了生土PS加固前后的抗压和抗拉强度,并将拟合后的颗粒元模型应用于风蚀模拟。通过随机生成挟沙风颗粒,以一定的速度撞向土体,模拟挟沙风的吹蚀作用。挟沙风颗粒数与循环步数成正比例,因此,可以用挟沙风颗粒数来代表吹蚀时间的长短。挟沙风颗粒的速度则代表挟沙风风速。模拟结果表明,在20 m/s的挟沙风吹蚀作用下,风蚀程度随吹蚀时间的增加而增大,未加固土样的风蚀程度增幅度远大于加固土样;同样吹蚀时间条件下,加固土样的抗风蚀强度明显高于未加固土样。这些模拟结论与风洞试验结果的统计规律一致。本研究拟合的颗粒流模型可进一步应用于PS加固机制研究及耐风蚀、雨蚀、冻融等诸环境影响分析研究。     

BDS卫星端差分码偏差对定位的影响及改正模型研究

分析GPS时空参考点下卫星钟差参数改正原理,结合伪距观测方程推导BDS单频及双频消电离层组合在标准单点定位、精密单点定位下的差分码偏差（DCB）改正公式。采用MGEX发布的DCB文件,分别进行多个测站的定位解算。结果表明,BDS伪距B1B2及B1B3双频定位DCB改正前E、N方向精度较单频差,严重影响定位精度,改正后E方向精度提高在dm级,N、U方向提高在m级;精密定位下B1B3组合DCB改正后与B1B2组合定位结果非常吻合,静态及仿动态下精度都有提高。     

Improvements for the smooth joint contact model of the particle flow code and its applications

This paper deals with two shortcomings of the smooth-joint contact model (SJCM) used in the particle flow code (PFC). The first shortcoming is the increase of the shear strength of the joint when the shear displacement of the joint exceeds a specific value that is related to the particle size. This problem is named as the interlocking problem, which is caused by the interlocking particles. It occurs due to a shortcoming of the updating procedure in the PFC software related to the contact conditions of the particles that lie around the intended joint plane during high shear displacements. This problem also increases the dilation angle and creates unwanted fractures around the intended joint plane. To solve this problem two new approaches are proposed in this paper: (1) joint plane checking (JPC) approach and (2) joint sides checking (JSC) approach. These approaches and the regular approach are used to model: (a) the direct shear test using the PFC^2D and PFC^3D, (b) the biaxial test on a sample having a persistent joint with a dip angle varying from 0° to 90° at an interval of 15° using the PFC^2D and (c) the polyaxial test on two samples, one of them having a joint with a dip direction of 0° and the dip angle varying from 0° to 90° at an interval of 15°, and the other sample having a joint with a dip angle of 60° and the dip direction varying from 0° to 90° at an interval of 15° using the PFC^3D. All numerical results show that the JPC and JSC approaches can solve the interlocking problem. Also, they proved to be more consistent with the theory compared to the regular approach. However, the JPC approach leads to a slightly softer joint. Therefore, the JSC approach is suggested for jointed rock modeling using the PFC. The other shortcoming of the SJCM dealt within this paper is its inability to capture the non-linear behavior of the joint closure varying with the joint normal stress. This problem is solved in this paper by proposing a new modified smooth-joint contact model (MSJCM). MSJCM uses a linear relation between the joint normal stiffness and the normal contact stress to model the non-linear relation between the joint normal deformation and the joint normal stress observed in the compression joint normal stiffness test. A good agreement obtained between the results from the experimental test and the numerical modeling of the compression joint normal test shows the accuracy of this new model.     

适应中国海岸空间形态的海籍影像数据块编码研究

我国海岸空间形态以台湾海峡为界,北部呈南北狭长型,南部呈东西狭长型,拟建海籍影像数据库需要适应这种特殊形态。为此,构建了二、四叉树混合分块模型,并针对该模型提出了改进的CMorton编码,利用长江口和杭州湾多分辨率卫星遥感数据构建了一个模拟环境对该编码进行测试。结果表明:与常用的行列号编码方式相比,改进的编码能够明显地缩短数据块的构建时间,能够满足海籍数据实时可视化的要求,有效地适应中国海籍影像对应的空间形态。     

带裂纹隧道二次支护内设衬套补强效果的有限元分析

以平面有限元位移法对铁山隧道和大垭口隧道带裂纹二次支护内设钢筋混凝土衬套的补强效果进行了数值模拟。模拟结果表明：加了钢筋混凝土衬套后,可大大降低裂纹尖端的应力强度因子,显著地提高衬砌承载安全系数。     

泥石流的二维数学模型

泥石流是在重力作用下,由砂粒石块和水等组成的固液混合物,是一种发生于山区的复杂的地质灾害现象。泥石流主要是由暴雨诱发引起的,它沿着复杂的三维地形高速流动,具有流体流动的特性。为了模拟泥石流的运动规律,预测降雨诱发的泥石流的到达距离和泛滥范围,减少和避免泥石流引起的灾害,把泥石和雨水组成的固液混合物假定为遵循均匀、连续、不可压缩的、非定常的牛顿流体运动规律。基于质量守恒方程和Naiver-stokes方程,采用深度积分方法,推导出了一个模拟泥石流运动的二维数学模型。所有方程式可用有限差分法来求解。结合GIS,该模型可用于预测泥石流的流动距离和泛滥范围,以及泛滥范围内的危险房屋和路段,也可以用于泥石流灾害的风险性分析。     

非饱和地质体中水-应力耦合二维有限元方法及对锚杆支护的分析

从建立应力平衡方程、水连续性方程入手,采用Galerkin方法将各控制方程分别在空间域和时间域进行离散,开发出了一个用于分析饱和-非饱和岩土介质中水-应力耦合弹塑性问题的二维有限元程序。然后就一个假定的处于渗流场中的饱和-非饱和土体使用预应力锚杆的支护效果问题进行了模拟计算。结果表明,在有地下水赋存的饱和-非饱和条件下,预应力锚杆的作用主要体现在减少了土体中的塑性区,而对位移的约束依部位而异,其对渗流场的影响不大。     

双频接收机C／A码与P码伪距的精确比较

采用Matlab编制的精密伪距单点定位程序，利用IGS跟踪站的源数据，对P码和C／A码伪距精密定位的精度进行了比较和分析。