Development of regional simulation of seismic ground‐motion and induced liquefaction enhanced by GPU computing

Much research has been conducted for physics‐based ground‐motion simulation to reproduce seismic response of soil and structures precisely and to mitigate damages caused by earthquakes. We aimed at enabling physics‐based ground‐motion simulations of complex three‐dimensional (3D) models with multiple materials, such as a digital twin (high‐fidelity 3D model of the physical world that is constructed in cyberspace). To perform one case of such simulation requires high computational cost and it is necessary to perform a number of simulations for the estimation of parameters or consideration of the uncertainty of underground soil structure data. To overcome this problem, we proposed a fast simulation method using graphics processing unit computing that enables a simulation with small computational resources. We developed a finite‐element‐based method for large‐scale 3D seismic response analysis with small programming effort and high maintainability by using OpenACC, a directive‐based parallel programming model. A lower precision variable format was introduced to achieve further speeding up of the simulation. For an example usage of the developed method, we applied the developed method to soil liquefaction analysis and conducted two sets of simulations that compared the effect of countermeasures against soil liquefaction: grid‐form ground improvement to strengthen the earthquake resistance of existing houses and replacement of liquefiable backfill soil of river wharves for seismic reinforcement of the wharf structure. The developed method accelerates the simulation and enables us to quantitatively estimate the effect of countermeasures using the high‐fidelity 3D soil‐structure models on a small cluster of computers.     

复杂应力状态下土质高边坡稳定性分析

结合现有的实际滑坡场地,开展了关中盆地黄土塬边的高边坡稳定性研究。基于弹塑性理论和非关联流动法则,根据双剪统一强度理论,建立了双剪统一弹塑性本构模型的显式有限差分格式。针对陕西省泾阳县南塬高边坡滑坡的现场勘测和室内试验,分析了滑坡的规模和滑坡前后的地形特征。在此基础上,还原了滑坡前的边坡地形概状,建立三维计算模型并运用三维拉格朗日有限差分方法分析了中间主应力对高边坡稳定性的影响;然后考虑中间主应力的影响对不同地下水埋深和渗流时边坡的稳定性进行分析。结果表明,考虑中间主应力情况下,随着地下水位升高,坡顶水平向位移增大;当不考虑渗流时,坡顶水平位移增大到一定值后边坡达到稳定状态,而考虑渗流时坡顶水平位移持续增大,并且容易发生突然的破坏失稳。期望对泾阳南塬滑坡群的破坏机制研究提供一定参考。     

人工神经网络在岩石变形温度估算中的应用

Ｃｈｒｉｓｔｉｅ（１９６２）、Ｓｍｉｔｈ（１９７２）和张翊钧（１９８５）都提出了钠质斜长石的△１３１－（或σ）、Ａｎ与温度Ｔ的关系图，后来又提出了钠质斜长石变形温度的计算公式。但由于图解的不便之处及目前应用的公式中推断分界点的不确定性和σ、Ａｎ与Ｔ之间存在一种非线性关系的特点，本文基于具有高度非线性映射能力的人工神经网络，提出了求解岩石变形温度的新方法。文中先介绍了变形温度计的研究概况，然后阐述了ＡＮＮ（ＡｒｔｉｆｉｃｉａｌＮｅｕｒａｌＮｅｔｗｏｒ）模型，最后应用该模型估算岩石变形时的温度，经对比得出，利用人工神经网络在岩石变形温度估算中具有良好的应用效果。     

角闪岩相温度条件下斜长石的变形组构

对采自五台群底部的角闪黑云斜长片麻岩样品进行了较为细致的研究工作，探讨了样品遭受变质变形的温度条件及样品中变形双晶类型和斜长石的晶格组构型式。研究表明：变形时的温度条件是影响变形双晶类型的主要因素，高温变形条件下趋向于形成肖钠双晶。随着变形温度的变化，斜长石的晶格优选和双晶滑移系也发生相应变化。本文论及的斜长石组构特点是较高变形温度条件下形成的一种新的组构类型。     

人工神经网络在岩石变形温度估算中的应用

Ｃｈｒｉｓｔｉｅ（１９６２）、Ｓｍｉｔｃｈ（１９７２）和张翊钧（１９８５）都提出了钠质斜长石的Δ１３１－１３１（或σ）、Ａｎ与温度Ｔ的关系图，后来又提出了钠质斜长石变形温度的计算公式。但由于图解的不便之处及目前应用的公式中推断分界点的不确定性和σ、Ａｎ与Ｔ之间存在一种非线性关系的特点，本文基于具有高度非线性映射能力的人工神经网络，提出了求解岩石变形温度的新方法。文中先介绍了变形温度计的研究概况，然     

面向上海城市数字化转型的新型测绘

城市数字化转型、“科学化、精细化、智能化”的城市治理、“新基建”的落地和数字经济的发展都迫切需要空间地理数据向“全域、全息、全空间、多维、高频”推进,实现物理空间的数字孪生。本文结合上海市城市数字化转型对地理信息的新需求,从空天地数据获取手段、全息空间数据内涵、二三维一体的成果形式、泛在测绘更新方法和按需组装服务方式等方面提出了构建以基于地理实体的智能化全息测绘为核心的新型测绘体系,形成了城市数字化转型地理信息新服务的解决方案。     

How tightly does calcite e-twin constrain stress?

Mechanical twinning along calcite e-planes has been used for paleostress analyses. Since the twinning has a critical resolved shear stress at ∼10 MPa, not only principal stress axes but also differential stress can be determined from the twins. In this article, five-dimensional stress space used in plasticity theory was introduced to describe the yield loci of calcite e-twinning. The constraints to paleostress from twin and untwin data and from calcite grains twinned on 0, 1, 2 and 3 e-planes were quantified by using their information contents, which were defined in the stress space. The orientations of twinned and untwinned e-planes are known to constrain not only stress axes but also differential stress, D, but they loose the resolution of D if the twin lamellae were formed at D greater than 50–100 MPa. On the other hand, it is difficult to observe twin lamellae subparallel to a thin section. The stochastic modeling of this effect showed that 20–25% of twin lamellae can be overlooked. The degradation of the constraints by this sampling bias can be serious especially for the determination of D.     

基于双剪统一空间轴对称特征线场理论的竖井井壁压力计算方法

基于双剪统一强度准则提出了有重材料的双剪统一空间轴对称特征线场理论,并用该特征线场理论研究了岩土工程中竖井井壁压力的计算问题,得出了新的井壁压力计算表达式。算例结果表明,由双剪统一空间轴对称特征线场理论导出的竖井井壁压力随井深的变化是非线性的,强度统一强度准则中的参数b对井壁压力计算结果有较大影响,在相同井深条件下,井壁压力随b增大而减小。     

基于改进多分类孪生支持向量机的测井岩性识别方法研究与应用

岩性识别是认识地层及求解储层参数的基础,受地质环境复杂性和非均质性影响,测井曲线间存在着大量的信息冗余,数据集类间分布不平衡,常用的分类算法无法满足实际需求.针对常用分类算法容错性差,识别岩性单一和无法有效解决类间不平衡的问题,本文改进合成少数过采样技术(Synthetic Minority Over Sampling Technique,SMOTE)来处理数据集,可得到类间平衡的新数据集,并提出一种新的模糊隶属度函数改进模糊孪生支持向量机,在北美Hugoton油气田实际测井数据的基础上,用改进多分类孪生支持向量(Improve Multi Class Twin Support Vector Machine,IMCTSVM)综合自然伽马(GR)、电阻率(RL)、光电效应(PE)、中子密度孔隙度差异(DPHI)和平均中子密度孔隙度(PHIND)五种测井参数,以及相对位置(RELPOS)和非海洋/海洋指标(NM_M)两种地质约束变量,识别出9种岩性.将识别结果与传统支持向量机、深度神经网络等方法进行对比与分析,发现IMCTSVM算法优于上述两种分类算法,取得了较好的识别效果.     

Numerical study of pillar stresses and interaction effects for twin rock caverns

Large underground caverns are increasingly being considered for the construction of industrial facilities and transportation infrastructure in order to optimize the use of surface land in large urban cities. Due to the geological constraints underground, it is sometimes necessary to construct a cavern close to an existing cavern. Pillars serve as an underground support element in twin caverns, without which it is difficult to sustain the weight of the overburden materials. If the strength of a pillar is exceeded, it will fail, and the load that it carried will be transferred and thereby contribute to the collapse of the twin caverns. The lack of confinement in slender pillars also contributes to the complete collapse of pillars at relatively low stress magnitudes. From a design point of view, understanding the pillar failure mechanism and the interaction effect between twin caverns is essential. This paper presents a numerical investigation on the influence of various design parameters on twin cavern interaction. Pillar performances with respect to the changes to the maximum principal stress in the pillar, the peak vertical stress, and the peak principal stress difference in the pillar core are studied in order to examine the failure mechanisms and to identify situations in which there is significant cavern interaction and overlap of the plastic zones. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.