部分断面掘进机的总体布置与参数选择

介绍了部分断面掘进机总体布置的内容、原则和具体要求、各部结构的布置,以及总体参数的确定方法,包括机型大小、外形尺寸、可掘断面、生产率、通用性等,对于正确地设计与使用掘进机有一定的指导意义。     

Homogenization framework for three‐dimensional elastoplastic finite element analysis of a grouted pipe‐roofing reinforcement method for tunnelling

This paper deals with the grouted pipe‐roofing reinforcement method that is used in the construction of tunnels through weak grounds. This system consists on installing, prior to the excavation of a length of tunnel, an array of pipes forming a kind of ‘umbrella’ above the area to be excavated. In some cases, these pipes are later used to inject grout to strengthen the ground and ‘connect’ the pipes. This system has proven to be very efficient in reducing tunnel convergence and water inflow when tunnelling through weak grounds. However, due to the geometrical and mechanical complexity of the problem, existing finite element frameworks are inappropriate to simulate tunnelling using this method. In this paper, a mathematical framework based on a homogenization technique to simulate ‘grouted pipe‐roofing reinforced ground’ and its implementation into a 3‐D finite element programme that can consider stage construction situations are presented. The constitutive model developed allows considering the main design parameters of the problem and only requires geometrical and mechanical properties of the constituents. Additionally, the use of a homogenization approach implies that the generation of the finite element mesh can be easily produced and that re‐meshing is not required as basic geometrical parameters such as the orientation of the pipes are changed. The model developed is used to simulate tunnelling with the grouted pipe‐roofing reinforcement method. From the analyses, the effects of the main design parameters on the elastic and the elastoplastic analyses are considered. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

盾构隧道施工对临近桥桩影响数值及现场监测研究

随着城市内地铁盾构区间隧道临近城市道路桥桩工程的增多,急需研究盾构隧道临近桥桩施工对桥桩的变形影响问题。采用有限元数值计算方法,结合盾构隧道穿越桥桩实际工程,建立了盾构隧道施工对临近桥桩影响的数值分析模型,模拟盾构隧道施工,对盾构隧道穿越临近桥桩的桩体沉降、桩体侧移、地表沉降进行了数值分析研究,盾构隧道穿越时及穿越后桩体沉降、桩体侧移、地表沉降控制结果较为理想,桩体处于稳定状态。结合现场监测成果,对数值计算结果和监测结果进行对比分析,表明采用的数值分析计算模型、参数取值对盾构隧道施工对临近桥桩影响的模拟是可靠的,可以运用文中的数值计算方法预测后续盾构隧道施工引起临近桥桩沉降、桩体侧移和地表沉降结果。     

煤层气井巷开采方法的探讨

煤层气是一种洁净的新能源，我国煤层气储量十分丰富，开发煤层气的方法有地面钻井开采和井巷开采两种，其中井巷开采方法适用于我国许多矿区。本文分析了我国煤层气藏的地质条件，提出了综合采煤采气要求布置井下巷道，改进传统瓦斯抽放工艺开采煤层气的井巷全量开采法，并对本方法进行了理论和实践上的论证。     

提高隧道工程施工效益的技术措施

阐述了提高隧道工程施工效益的一系列技术措施，并结合工程实例提出了一些解的见解。     

Impact of excavation technique on strength of oil shale pillars

Summary The load carrying capacity of oil shale pillars excavated by conventional blasting can be increased significantly by presplit blasting and mechanical mining. Comparisons ofin situ vertical stresses and fractures obtained from overcoring horizontal holes in the Colony Mine, Piceance Creek Basin, Colorado indicate that conventional blasting causes a strength loss in a zone of damage approximately 3 m (10 ft) thick. Presplit blasting reduces damage significantly, and increases the load carrying capacity in the 3 m (10 ft) thick zone by 5.93 MPa (860 psi). Mechanical mining causes little or no rock damage, and an increase of 9.83 MPa (1425 psi) in strength in the same 3 m (10 ft) thick zone. Pillar design using presplit blasting and mechanical mining techniques can increase the extraction ratio by at least 3% and 5%, respectively, as compared to conventional blasting. It is speculated that comparable increases in extraction should also occur due to increases in span dimensions.     

Geostatistical Evaluation of the Mechanical Properties of Rock Mass for TBM Tunnelling by Seismic Reflection Method

Summary. The evaluation of the rock mass mechanical properties by the seismic reflection method and TBM driving is proposed for TBM tunnelling. The relationship between the reflection number derived from the three-dimensional seismic reflection method and the rock strength index (RSI) derived from TBM driving data is examined, and the methodology of conversion from the reflection number to the RSI is proposed. Furthermore a geostatistical prediction methodology to provide a three-dimensional geotechnical profile ahead of the tunnel face is proposed. The performance of this prediction method is verified by actual field data.     

软土地区土压盾构隧道掘进施工风险模糊评估

首先确定了软土地区土压式盾构掘进施工主要风险,针对掘进施工风险的随机性与模糊性特点,提出采用模糊综合评价模型对其进行研究,其中采用层次分析法计算各风险事件的相对权重,并采用梯形隶属函数来计算各风险事件对风险水平的隶属度,将风险事件的权重与风险事件对风险水平的隶属度进行模糊综合运算,可得出掘进施工的总体风险水平,最后通过算例进行实证研究,评价结果基本能反映实际情况。     

Factors underlying piping in the Basilicata region, southern Italy

Piping/tunnelling erosion is a widely spread process in the Plio-Pleistocene marine clays of the Basilicata region in southern Italy. The pipes are often closely concentrated along the surface drainage networks at different depths with a tunnel (length) and a diameter varying from just a few centimetres to some metres. The formation and evolution of pipes in the badlands can be explained through: (1) geo-structural characteristics of the clay, (2) material properties such as a high exchangeable sodium percentage, (3) favourable climatic conditions, and (4) hydraulic gradient along the path controlled by the gully or ravine bottom that is acting as a local drain. The exposure and the extension of joints at the surface and in the bedrock along the slope are the main factors required for development of the pipes. The absence of the piping erosion on the slopes, where a reasonably thick layer of the soil material covers the open joints, shows that although certain material properties and climatic conditions play an important role, they are not sufficient to develop extensive piping erosion in the area.     

近水平岩层隧道围岩变形监测及其稳定性分析

介绍了广巴高速公路某近水平岩层隧道新奥法施工过程中现场监测的项目、手段及方法,基于监测结果,分析了近水平岩层隧道围岩变形特点、变形原因,划分了围岩变形阶段。以隧道左线进口段某断面为例进行回归分析,利用位移加速度正负的判据分析评价围岩稳定性。相关监测及分析结果为采取整治措施和后续施工提供科学依据,也为日后分析研究提供参考。