2010年4月14日青海玉树7.1 级地震前震中附近地区小震活动的周、月频次分布特征

根据Kolmogorov-Smirnov分布检验法,利用2000年以来1.7≤ML≤2.9地震目录,对2010年4月14日青海玉树MS7.1前震中附近地区2000年以来地震活动的月频次和2007年7月以来地震活动的周频次分布进行了检验。结果表明,地震活动周频次和月频次都不符合泊松分布和正态分布,但周、月频次累积次数的对数与周、月频次之间呈线性关系,类似于G-R关系。分析了周、月频次的标准差σ、CV值、偏度Sk、峰度Ku和bm值等参数随时间的变化,发现在2010年4月14日青海玉树地震前,这些参数都出现了不同程度的异常变化,其中周频次的分布参数随时间的变化似乎呈现出了某种周期性特征。     

2009年云南姚安6.0级地震震源机制与发震构造的分析研究

利用P波、SV波、SH波初动及其振幅比联合反演震源机制解的方法,计算了2009年7月9日发生在云南姚安6.0级地震余震序列的震源机制解,同时结合地震序列的空间分布,对姚安6.0级地震的发震断层性质和震区应力场特征进行综合分析。结果分析表明：（1）姚安6.0级地震发震断层为NWW—SEE向的直立右旋走滑断层,与美国哈佛大学的主震CMT解节面基本一致,也与余震优势方向分布一致,证明结果可靠;（2）震区主压应力场优势方向为NNW—SSE向,与其现今区域构造应力场主压应力NNW—SSE向一致,表明主震应力场主要受到现今区域构造应力场的控制,同时还有一些小的余震与主震应力场不同,表明震区应力场的多样性和复杂性;（3）结合本次地震序列的空间分布、震源机制解特征、震区断裂构造特征综合分析,综合判定姚安6.0级地震的发震构造属于马尾箐断裂。     

采煤沉陷区输电铁塔复合防护板基础抗变形性能及其板厚取值研究

以某采煤沉陷区内的典型输电铁塔及其复合防护板基础工程为背景,考虑地基-基础-上部铁塔结构的共同作用,对不同板厚复合防护板基础的抗采动变形性能进行了研究,并引入＂保护作用＂的概念,对独立基础和复合防护板基础的抗变形性能进行了分析。研究表明,设置复合防护板后,与独立基础相比,可明显减少铁塔支座的水平位移及上部结构的应力,支座位移与结构应力随着复合大板厚度的增大而减小,其减小的幅度随着板厚的增大而趋缓,当板厚达到一定数值以后几乎不再减小。提出的复合防护板的厚度可取铁塔基础长向根开的1/45～1/35的建议,以供采煤沉陷区内复合防护板基础的设计参考。     

地铁隧道基础变形分析与计算

地下空间开发引发了大量的补偿基础问题,同时也带来了新的岩土技术难题。对结构荷载已完全被开挖土重所替代的等补偿和超补偿基础而言,理论上基础将不会出现工后沉降,但大量实测数据表明,等补偿甚至超补偿基础往往在竣工后均出现沉降变形,南京地铁隧道基础便是典型实例。为此,探讨了深基础与浅基础间的异同点,并推导出考虑埋深的坑底土体应力计算方法;然后围绕基础的整个施工过程,详细分析了开挖卸荷和施工找平对基底变形的影响,发现找平过程中多挖了与隆起量体积相等的土体,而该缺失的土体将导致基础后期发生沉降变形。据此思路计算地铁隧道基础的变形量,并与工程实测数据进行对比,结果表明两者吻合较好,可为今后类似工程的分析提供参考。     

浅谈海缆追踪系统及其应用

海底电缆的监测和维护已成为海洋工程勘察的一个重要组成部分,其精确跟踪定位更是世界性难题.文章首先对比分析了3种海缆追踪方法及相应的商业化系统,接着详细论述了有源系统TSS350国内首次对高压海缆的追踪应用效果.海缆追踪系统在国外小电流及断点电缆追踪上的成功应用已经证明了系统的性能;而国内湛江高压电缆实验高精度的路由追踪和埋深定位又为海缆追踪系统开辟了更广泛的应用空间.海缆追踪系统的原理、技术指标及其应用为国内海缆的监测和维护提供了解决办法,也为弥补国内研究空白提供了方法基础.     

大震作用下板式楼梯框架弹塑性地震反应分析

有关大震作用下楼梯与框架共同工作方面的研究还很少,采用结构有限元软件Midas/Gen,对一个5层钢筋混凝土现浇板式楼梯框架办公楼模型进行了弹塑性分析,对模型在大震作用下的受力情况进行了详细研究.通过对楼梯和框架共同工作性能的研究,并与不考虑楼梯影响的框架的工作性能进行了对比,分析了板式楼梯框架的失效机制和受力特点,指出了楼梯与框架共同工作时的受力不利部位.结果表明:楼梯相较于框架梁柱是模型的薄弱部位;模型的失效是从楼梯发展到框架,由下层发展到上层.最后根据模型的失效机制特点提出了相应的抗震措施.     

Dispersion attenuation structure of the crust around the Weifang-Jiashan segment of the Tanlu fault zone in North China

On the condition that the velocity ratio of compressive wave to shear wave is stable during the propagating process of seismic wave, this paper develops an estimation method for medium quality factor based on single station's travel time difference between direct S and P waves and the first period signal of direct P wave. 8 774 high SNR wave data altogether recorded by 75 stations are analyzed. The results show that: (1) under the normal regional stress field, the quality factors Q_mSP in the stable tectonic area are higher than that in the active tectonic area around the Weifang-Jiashan section and its surrounding area in the Tanlu fault zone; (2) in the Juxian-Tancheng section the seismic wave attenuation is relatively quick, and the media is relatively broken, suggesting no tectonic stress accumulation; (3) the Xinyi-Sihong section is currently locking and in accumulating elastic strain energy stage, which has the deep environment and conditions of strong earthquake generation similar to those of the 1668 M8.5 Tancheng strong earthquake.     

Surveillance of Invasive Bacterial Pathogens and Human Enteric Viruses in Wastewater Final Effluents and Receiving Water Bodies – a Case Study from Durban,South Africa

The physico‐chemical characteristics and microbial composition of the final effluents of two municipal wastewater treatment plants in South Africa were assessed between July and September 2009. The impact of the treated final effluents on the receiving water bodies was also evaluated. The temperature across all sampling points ranged between 14 and 22°C, while pH varied from 6.9 to 7.6. High levels of turbidity, chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammonia, nitrate, nitrite and orthophosphate (PO₄) were observed in many cases. Turbidity of the samples was in the range of 2.2–288.6 NTU. The concentrations (mg/L) of other physico‐chemical parameters are as follows: COD (9.33–289); ammonia (0.000340–45.4); nitrate (0.062–539); nitrite (0.021–22.6); PO₄ (5.3–33.2). The microbial quality of the effluents discharged from the plants did not comply with the limits set by the South African guidelines with respect to pathogens such as Salmonella, Shigella, Escherichia coli, total coliform, faecal coliform, enterococci, faecal streptococci, and viral particles for effluents intended for discharge into receiving watersheds. This study revealed an undesirable impact on the physico‐chemical and microbial qualities of the receiving water bodies as a result of the discharge of inadequately treated effluents from the wastewater treatment facilities. This poses a health risk to several rural communities which rely on the receiving water bodies primarily as their sources of domestic water and recreational purposes. There is therefore a need for the intervention of appropriate regulatory agencies in South Africa to ensure compliance of treatment facilities with wastewater effluent quality standards.     

Geochemical and Spatial Appraisal of Fluoride in the Soils of Indo‐Gangetic Plains of India Using Multivariate Analysis

The geochemical characteristics and the spatial distribution of the fluoride were studied in the soils of Indo‐Gangetic plains using multivariate analysis. The fluoride (F) distribution in soil profiles and surface soil (0–15 cm) samples were studied. It was found that total fluoride (TF) in the profiles ranged from 248 to 786 mg kg^?1 with a mean of 515.1 mg kg^?1 whereas CaCl₂ extractable soluble fluoride (F_Ca) was found to be in the range of 1.68 to 99.1 mg F kg^?1 soil. On the other hand, in surface soils, the TF and F_Ca ranged from 118 to 436 mg kg^?1 with a mean of 251.2 mg kg^?1 and 1.01 to 5.05 mg kg^?1 with a mean of 2.12 mg kg^?1, respectively, in the study area. The principal component analysis revealed that the natural weathering of fluoride bearing rock and minerals, various ion‐exchange and dissolution processes in the soil, alkalinity, sodium adsorption ratio, calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), and clay contents of the soil are responsible for high fluoride occurrence in the area. The fluoride contamination index developed by using these factors could explain more than 76% variance of F contamination due to F_Ca in soils. The interpolated kriged map of F_Ca in surface soil indicated a distinct loop of 1.0–2.0, 2.0–3.0, 3.0–4.0, and >4.0 mg kg^?1.     

陕西省镇安县东沟金矿生产坑道系统涌水量预测方法对比

根据矿区的水文地质条件和勘探坑道系统长期排水量动态观测资料和钻孔抽水试验资料,分别采用水文地质比拟预测法和Q-S曲线外推预测法,对矿区生产坑道系统涌水量进行预测对比.利用此方法预测的生产坑道系统涌水量,比较接近实际情况,预测的生产坑道系统最大涌水量可以作为生产坑道系统设计排水量的依据.对条件类似的矿山可采用水文地质比拟法预测坑道系统的涌水量.