条形药包在隧道爆破中产生的应力场的实测分析

基于条形药包的爆破特性,针对隧道爆破的装药形式,把隧道爆破简化成几个条形药包的微差爆破,在隧道爆破区域的径向应力波为柱形,隧道掘进的轴向应力波为几个并列半圆形。应力波强度分布很不均匀,爆破区域的径向应力强度最大,向爆区端部延伸径向应力强度逐渐减小。进入爆区端部后,应力强度减小更明显。随着与爆区轴线夹角的减小,端部应力强度再次减小,爆区端部轴线方向应力强度最小。     

隧洞工程弹性参数反演的可辨识性及量测优化布置探讨

探讨依据完备的量测信息开展弹性参数反演的可辨识性及量测的优化布置,对于指导岩土工程反演实践具有重要的实用价值。利用平面弹性复变函数方法和一般弹性理论,推导出任意形状隧洞的位移、应力解析表达式,基于隧洞围岩位移、应力的解析解,依据参数可辨识条件和量测优化布置的最灵敏原则,探讨了地下隧洞工程弹性反演参数的可辨识性及测点优化布置,并通过算例进行了验证。研究表明,依据完备的量测信息开展弹性反分析,只要测点布置方式适当、反演参数满足相应的限定条件,可同时惟一辨识出5个参数P、Q、M、E、μ。参数反演的可辨识性受隧洞形状复杂性的影响,随着隧洞复杂性的提高,参数可同时惟一辨识需满足的限制条件大为减少,对测点布置方式的要求也会降低。工程实践中,为避免量测数据的少量误差导致反演计算结果的大幅度波动,测点(线)应根据最灵敏原则优化选择各反演参数的灵敏系数最大的测点(线)组合进行量测布置。     

某引水隧洞断裂特征及处理措施

某引水隧洞于1993年断裂，本文在介绍其断裂特点的基础上，概论了工程处理措施，运行实践表明，处理效果良好。     

工程风险设计理念与措施研究

简述了高风险隧道设计、评估的重点,并根据线路实例,介绍了抓好地质选线、线路设计的原则,提出规避、减轻、避免工程风险设计的理念和措施与建议,对建设世界一流客运专线设计,具有重要指导意义。     

Upper bound limit analysis of uplift failure in pressurized sealed rock tunnels

The rock around tunnels used for gas storage is subject to high pressures, reaching 30 MPa in the case of compressed air energy storage. Uplift failure of the overlaying rock mass up to the surface represents the main hazard scenario in such cases. The present paper investigates this problem by using the upper bound theorem of limit analysis assuming a continuum rock mass model obeying the Mohr Coulomb failure criterion with tension cut‐off. Tools of the calculus of variations are used to assess the geometry of the failure surface. The effects of geometrical and geotechnical parameters on uplift pressure are analyzed systematically. Charts are then provided, which enable a quick estimation of the upper bound of uplift pressure across a wide range of geotechnical and geometrical conditions.     

城市轨道交通通风系统采用变频技术的可行性分析

综合分析了上海轨道交通9号线二期工程(初期)采用"三风井方案"时的本工程初、近、远期的行车组织以及每日不同运行时段的行车对数,其车站排热风机风量对隧道温度的影响,从节能运行的角度,提出排热风机采用变频技术的必要性和可行性。     

陆地声呐法在探查单个溶洞方面的优势

基于地震反射法的陆地声呐法,在预报探查溶洞等方面成功地进行了2个工区的工作,取得了很好的效果,这是由于其接近于零震-检距的工作布置,用锤击激震可接收10~4 000 Hz的超宽频带的接收等特点所决定。无论在地面上探查中、小溶洞方面(查找的溶洞径深比可小于1∶15),还是在隧道施工地质预报方面都有很大优势。     

Architecture of tunnel valleys in the southeastern North Sea: new insights from high-resolution seismic imaging

Tunnel valleys are assumed to form near the margin of ice sheets. Hence, they can be used to reconstruct the dynamics of former ice margins. The detailed formation and infill of tunnel valleys, however, are still not well understood. Here, we present a dense grid of high-resolution 2D multi-channel reflection seismic data from the German sector of the southeastern North Sea imaging tunnel valleys in very great detail. Three tunnel valley systems were traced over distances ranging between 11 and 21 km. All tunnel valleys are completely filled and buried. They differ in incision depth, incision width and number of incisions. The tunnel valleys cut 130–380 m deep into Neogene, Palaeogene and Cretaceous sediments; they show a lower V-shaped and an upper U-shaped morphology. For individual tunnel valleys, the overall incision direction ranges from east–west to northeast–southwest. Two tunnel valleys intersect at an oblique angle without reuse of the thalweg. These valleys incise into a pre-existing glaciotectonic complex consisting of thrust sheets in the northwest of the study area. The analysis of the glaciotectonic complex and the tunnel valleys leads us to assume that we identified several marginal positions of (pre-)Elsterian ice lobes in the southeastern North Sea.     

盾构隧道穿越苏州河对防汛墙的影响分析

轨道交通11号线盾构隧道穿越苏州河将会对防汛墙的安全造成影响。为保证盾构顺利实施,拔高影响盾构穿越的桩基,采用双跨门洞式的结构型式对防汛墙结构加固改造。在保证防汛墙安全的前提下,为隧道穿越预留了足够空间。运用有限元数值模拟方法建立计算模型,对隧道穿越前后防汛墙结构的受力和变形形态进行分析。研究结果表明,隧道穿越前底板呈连续梁变形规律,长桩桩身中部和短桩桩端呈向外侧扩张的趋势,整个结构受力性状符合门洞式刚架结构的特性。隧道穿越后,底板的变形趋势与隧道穿越前变形规律相似,最大变形位于隧道上部跨中部位,而桩基变形形态则完全不同,隧道开挖引起长桩桩身中部和短桩桩端向隧道侧的变形,长桩呈挠曲变形,桩身最大变形位于隧道拱轴线附近,短桩呈刚体变形,最大变形位于桩端。经与实测沉降数据对比,盾构的穿越对防汛墙变形的影响处于可控状态,整体防汛墙计算沉降值与实测值较为接近。     

考虑孔壁界面滑移-软化的预应力锚索锚固段侧阻力分布

较多理论分析得到锚索锚固段侧阻力的沿程分布呈下凹衰减曲线,与工程实际的单峰曲线差异很大,缘其全程粘结、共同变形假设不甚合理。作者采用简便的荷载传递法,分析了全程粘结所满足的变位协调条件,导出了滑移临界荷载判别式。分析认为,由于孔壁界面滑移的软化效应,侧阻力曲线始端变为上升曲线。因此侧阻力曲线由两部分组成:侧阻力峰值之前部分为始端滑移段,呈上升曲线;而侧阻力峰值之后的部分为粘结段,呈下凹衰减曲线。在锚固的理论分析中,应对界面滑移及软化因素对侧阻力分布的影响予以足够重视。