GIS支持下的全国广播电视信息管理系统的建设

介绍了GIS支持下的与专业信息充分结合的 ,为领导和专业技术人员提供决策支持等方面的实例。从技术和应用角度论述了服务于全国广播、电视信息管理和决策的“GIS支持下的全国广播电视覆盖信息管理系统”。对构成系统的数据组成、数据库结构、主要功能模块、应用效果等情况进行了系统论述     

基于DEM的河流多尺度显示研究

进行了基于DEM的河流多尺度显示方法的研究和试验。采用斯特拉勒算法对河流线进行分级,通过DEM提取河流的高差、集水面积等属性信息,并以此为基础提出了对河流的主支流的自动判别的方法,最终以国家基础地理信息的全国1∶25万数据库为数据源实现了实验区域河流的多尺度显示。     

珠江口伶仃洋滩槽变化及演变分析

借助GIS和遥感技术,计算分析了20a来珠江口伶仃洋滩槽演变特点,阐明了其变化原因和后果,并以此提醒人们要从可持续发展的高度规范岸区开发行为,以利于珠江三角洲的长期稳定发展.     

缅甸中部干旱地区土壤侵蚀的分析

伊落瓦底江中游是缅甸中部著名的干热地带,地壤流失严重。在研究中,首先利用遥感图像（１９９５年的ＴＭ图像,１９９８年的ＴＭ和ＳＰＯＴ图像）进行判读和土壤侵蚀地面实况的野外验证。同时,根据影响封侵蚀的生态环境因子,建立实验区的数字高程模型和窨数据库。然后,在地理信息系统（ＧＩＳ）中进行土壤侵蚀测定以及生态环境因子相关分析。影响土壤侵镅的生态环境因子很多,但植被和耕作方式是人们可以控制的因子。在此基础上     

航天信息与地理信息一体化网络系统及其在可持续发展战略信息社会中的应用研究

21世纪 ,人类面临着全球可持续发展 (SD)战略的信息社会 (SI)。航天 /外层空间 (Outer Space)科技的发展和计算机科技的发展 ,为可持续发展战略的信息社会提供了有力的监控工具。人们通过卫星可获取遥感 (RS)信息、属性 (DCS)信息、定位 (PSS)信息。通过通讯卫星系统 (SCS)传输信息 ,即遥信 (RI)。与航天 (外层空间 )相对应的地面 ,必需要有发射和接收信息的系统。无论在卫星上还是在地面上信息的输入、输出 ;信息的存取 ;信息的处理 ;信息的加工等等无一不是用计算机来进行的。地面上成熟的信息处理与加工技术可以搬到卫星上去。而所谓可持续发展的信息社会的监控系统无非是庞大的、超巨型的、非线性的、开放式的、多类别的、多层次的、多元的、高维的、动态的、复杂的信息网络系统。即天 (外层空间—航天 )地 (地球表面环境 )人 (人类社会及人类智能 )信息一体化的计算机网络系统。本文简要地反映了作者近几年来积累的科研成果。     

河南栾川钼铅锌多金属矿集区土壤重金属累积及源解析

河南栾川钼铅锌多金属矿集区内长期矿产资源开发产生了大量的重金属,目前研究区农田表层土壤重金属累积及不同种类矿业活动对其影响尚不明晰。本文选取研究区内5个典型小流域,采集河流沿岸29条水平土壤剖面上95件农田表层土壤样品,采用极谱法测定Mo,电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定Cd,X射线荧光光谱法测定Cr、Cu、Pb和Zn,原子荧光分光光度法测定Hg和As含量,通过地累积指数法、内梅罗综合污染指数法和潜在生态风险指数法分别评价重金属的累积特征、污染程度和生态风险;采用多元统计分析和PMF模型对表层土壤重金属的来源进行解析。结果表明：研究区农田表层土壤中主要污染物为Mo,局部为Hg;除Cr外,其他重金属均不同程度地受到周边矿业活动的影响;5个流域土壤重金属富集程度依次是：北沟河＞淯河＞石宝沟＞陶湾北沟＞伊河。北沟河土壤总体为重污染,中等生态风险,其他流域土壤总体污染程度为轻度,生态风险等级为轻微;但不同流域均存在重金属污染较重和生态风险较强的点位。典型横向土壤剖面分析表明,近岸部分土壤重金属富集程度明显高于远岸土壤。研究区农田表层土壤重金属来源于自然源（32.9%）、铅锌矿矿业活动（30.6%）、钼矿矿业活动（26.8%）和金矿矿业活动（9.7%）。     

Sediment transfer in an extremely low-gradient,low-relief and highly buffered system: Darwin Harbour catchment,northern Australia

Abstract

Sediment yields from and sediment transfer within catchments of very low relief and gradient, which make up about 50% of Earth’s surface, are poorly documented and their internal sediment dynamics are poorly known. Sediment sources, their proportionate contributions to valley floors and sediment yield, and storage are estimated using fallout radionuclides ²¹⁰Pb_(ex) and ¹³⁷Cs in the catchments that drain into Darwin Harbour, northern Australia, an example of this understudied catchment type that appears to be globally at the extreme end of this category of catchments. Unchannelled grassy valley floors (dambos, or seasonal wetlands) trap ～90% of the sediment delivered from hillslopes by sheet and rill erosion. Further down valley, small channels transport ～10% of the sediment that escapes from the dambos, and the remaining sediment comes from erosion of the channels. In this case, the fractional sediment storage is very high as a result of the existence of dambos, a landform that depends for its existence on low gradients.     

Potential food deserts and food oases in a post-communist city: Access,quality, variability and price of food in Bratislava-Petržalka

Delimitation tools and definitions of food deserts have not been internationally unified so far. Such comprehension ambiguity may lead to variability in research methods as well as to terminology mismatch in the research. In general, assessment of accessibility of selected (large-scale) food stores network in a region is considered as a suitable tool to identify the food deserts, but this is certainly not the only approach. In our paper some other approaches (such as measuring quality, variability and food price) are assessed together with supermarkets and hypermarkets accessibility examination. Results gained by analyses based on various methodological approaches are then compared and confronted, which simultaneously allows us to compare the individual approaches. For our case study purposes, the largest housing estate in Slovakia's capital city was selected.     

黄河流域人地耦合与可持续人居环境

黄河流域是中国人地矛盾最为紧张的区域之一,承担着生态安全建设和经济社会发展的重任。自古以来人类和黄河始终处于共同进化的过程中,近年来伴随经济发展而来的生态保护压力也日益增加,流域水资源脆弱性和风险更甚,为化解人地矛盾,需探究城镇聚落和河流的动态耦合机制。在“黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展”上升为重大国家战略之际,从城乡规划、自然地理、环境考古、生态学、水文水资源、土地资源管理等多领域视角,聚焦黄河流域人地关系的空间分异和演化规律,以及资源和生态保护的困境与机遇。建成环境与自然环境的平衡是可持续发展的基础,应将黄河流域视为自然及人文环境相互影响与依存的“生命共同体”,并从系统性和交叉性、地方性和适应性等方面探讨可持续发展策略。     

Extensional fault and fold growth: Impact on accommodation evolution and sedimentary infill

Extensional faults and folds exert a fundamental control on the location, thickness and partitioning of sedimentary deposits on rift basins. The connection between the mode of extensional fault reactivation, resulting fault shape and extensional fold growth is well‐established. The impact of folding on accommodation evolution and growth package architecture, however, has received little attention; particularly the role‐played by fault‐perpendicular (transverse) folding. We study a multiphase rift basin with km‐scale fault displacements using a large high‐quality 3D seismic data set from the Fingerdjupet Subbasin in the southwestern Barents Sea. We link growth package architecture to timing and mode of fault reactivation. Dip linkage of deep and shallow fault segments resulted in ramp‐flat‐ramp fault geometry, above which fault‐parallel fault‐bend folds developed. The folds limited the accommodation near their causal faults, leading to deposition within a fault‐bend synclinal growth basin further into the hangingwall. Continued fold growth led to truncation of strata near the crest of the fault‐bend anticline before shortcut faulting bypassed the ramp‐flat‐ramp structure and ended folding. Accommodation along the fault‐parallel axis is controlled by the transverse folds, the location and size of which depends on the degree of linkage in the fault network and the accumulated displacement on causal faults. We construct transverse fold trajectories by tracing transverse fold hinges through space and time to highlight the positions of maximum and minimum accommodation and potential sediment entry points to hangingwall growth basins. The length and shape of the constructed trajectories relate to the displacement on their parent faults, duration of fault activity, timing of transverse basin infill, fault linkage and strain localization. We emphasize that the considerable wavelength, amplitudes and potential periclinal geometry of extensional folds make them viable targets for CO₂ storage or hydrocarbon exploration in rift basins.