鄂尔多斯盆地三叠系延长组沉积演化及其与早印支运动关系的探讨

鄂尔多斯盆地延长组下部（长8-长10油层组）沉积特征与中、上部（长1-长7油层组）存在较大的差异。延长组下部沉积时,盆地西部和西南地区地形相对较平坦,以辫状河、辫状河三角洲及滨浅湖沉积为主,碎屑岩中化学性质不稳定的组分含量较高;长7沉积期,沉积格局发生重大变革,盆地西缘、西南缘地区发育冲积扇、扇三角洲沉积体系,拗陷幅度急剧增大,半深湖-深湖区范围可达10×10.4 km2以上,而且湖盆中心向西南迁移了几十公里,碎屑岩成分成熟度增高,岩矿组合具有显著的东西分异性。此外,从延长组凝灰岩的分布特征分析,长7底部沉凝灰岩分布稳定,为同期火山作用的产物,厚度由盆地西南向东北方向逐渐减薄至不发育。上述分析表明,长8沉积末期为湖盆沉积演化的重要转折期,盆地西缘和西南缘存在一次强烈的构造地质事件,火山活动频繁,为印支运动第一幕重要的表现形式。     

High-precision 40Ar/39Ar dating of pleistocene tuffs and temporal anchoring of the Matuyama-Brunhes boundary

High-precision ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar ages for a series of proximal tuffs from the Toba super-volcano in Indonesia, and the Bishop Tuff and Lava Creek Tuff B in North America have been obtained. Core from Ocean Drilling Project Site 758 in the eastern equatorial Indian Ocean contains discrete tephra layers that we have geochemically correlated to the Young Toba Tuff (73.7 ± 0.3 ka), Middle Toba Tuff (502 ± 0.7 ka) and two eruptions (OTTA and OTTB) related to the Old Toba Tuff (792.4 ± 0.5 and 785.6 ± 0.7 ka, respectively) (⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar data reported as full external precision, 1 sigma). Within ODP 758 Termination IX is coincident with OTTB and hence this age tightly constrains the transition from Marine Isotope Stage 19–20 for the Indian Ocean. The core also preserves the location of the Australasian tektites, and the Matuyama-Brunhes boundary with Bayesian age-depth models used to determine the ages of these events, c. 786 and c. 784 ka, respectively. In North America, the Bishop Tuff (766.6 ± 0.4 ka) and Lava Creek Tuff B (627.0 ± 1.5 ka) have quantifiable stratigraphic relationships to the Matuyama-Brunhes boundary. Linear age-depth extrapolation, allowing for uncertainties associated with potential hiatuses in five different terrestrial sections, defines a geomagnetic reversal age of 789 ± 6 ka. Considering our data with respect to the previously published age data for the Matuyama-Brunhes boundary of Sagnotti et al. (2014), we suggest at the level of temporal resolution currently attainable using radioisotopic dating the last reversal of Earths geomagnetic field was isochronous. An overall Matuyama-Brunhes reversal age of 783.4 ± 0.6 ka is calculated, which allowing for inherent uncertainties in the astronomical dating approach, is indistinguishable from the LR04 stack age (780 ± 5 ka) for the geomagnetic boundary. Our high-precision age is 10 ± 2 ka older than the Matuyama-Brunhes boundary age of 773 ± 1 ka, as reported previously by Channell et al. (2010) for Atlantic Ocean records. As ODP 758 features in the LR04 marine stack, the high-precision ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar ages determined here, as well as the Matuyama-Brunhes boundary age, can be used as temporally accurate and precise anchors for the Pleistocene time scale.     

基于重砂鉴定技术的火山岩锆石精选与测年方法关系探讨

针对中浅变质沉凝灰岩锆石U-Pb同位素年龄分散幅度较大的现状,在湘中地区碧溪长安组底部凝灰岩几次采集样品测年不成功的情况下再次取样,通过室内重砂样品加工分选等工序,利用立体显微镜和偏光显微镜对锆石进行详细的矿物学特征对比分析,确定样品是否有来自不同时代、不同成因或不同地质背景的锆石。将精选出的锆石进行再次分选,分离成两组样品送往测年,采用LA-ICP-MSU-Pb法测得同沉积期的火山岩岩浆成因锆石年龄751±5 Ma和构造岩浆热事件年龄431.3±4.3 Ma,两组年龄数据与区域地质事实吻合。由此认为对此类样品的锆石进行成因、形态与光学性质等方面的综合分析研究,将混合锆石进行分组,有助于同位素测年数据的有效集中,保证测年数据精度。本文研究表明重砂精细分析鉴定是同位素精准定年的基础。     

内蒙古巴林右旗下三叠统幸福之路组凝灰岩LA—ICP—MS锆石U—Pb年龄及其地质意义

下三叠统幸福之路组分布于大兴安岭南部,为一套以红层为主要特征的杂色碎屑岩组合,时代为早三叠世。笔者重新实测了幸福之路组三段建组剖面——巴林右旗幸福之路苏木哈拉山东剖面,除采集到早三叠世早期的孢粉、叶肢介等化石外,在剖面下部首次发现了凝灰岩夹层。采用LA—ICP—MS技术,对2个凝灰岩中的锆石进行了u—pb年龄测定,获得的年龄值为252．6±1．7Ma（MSWD=0．64）和249．9±1．6Ma（MSWD=0．22）,即火山岩大约在250Ma前形成。结合地层古生物及区域岩浆岩资料,认为幸福之路组三段的形成时代为早三叠世早期,大兴安岭南部存在约250Ma与板块闭合相关的岩浆事件,以红层为特色的幸福之路组含有华夏和安加拉两大植物群混生的孢粉化石组合,反映华北板块与西伯利亚板块在250Ma时已经完成碰撞拼贴,幸福之路组形成于碰撞之后。     

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1674987112000059

A lirst report on tuff beds from the Owk Shale in the Proterozoic Kurnool sub-basin in southern India is presented.The rhvolitic lo ihodacitic tuffs,overlying shclfal limestones formed at depths below storm wave base,have rheomorphic features indicative of viscoplaslic flow.and geochemical signatures of rhvolitic to rhyodacitic unwekled to welded tuffs,similar to those described from other Proterozoic intracratonie basins like Vindhvan and Chhattisgarh basins in India.Fragmentary naiure of altered glass with perlitic cracks and local admixture with intrabasinal sediments suggest phreatomagmatic reactions.The widespread and repealed occurrences of felsic luffs in these basins.possibly derived from low degree melting of continental crust.suggest intermittent(ectonothermal instability which likely intluenced hasinal topography and cyclic development of the carbonate platforms.     

SHRIMP U Pb Age and Its Significance of Zircons in Welded Tuff of Wangchang Formation in Dongchuan Area,Yunnan Province,SW China

本文报道了云南东川地区望厂组中熔结凝灰岩锆石的SHRIMP U Pb年龄.其中自形结构、环带清晰锆石的不一致曲线与谐和线上交点的207Pb/206Pb年龄分别为2317±13 Ma(n=13,MSWD=33),13个点的加权平均年龄为2299±14 Ma(n=13,MSWD=59),表明望厂组地层的沉积时代为古元古代早—中期.东川地区下四组地层与滇中昆阳群(黄草岭组—美党组)和四川会理群(淌塘组—天宝山组)的沉积时代相差近1.0Ga.为了区别于昆阳群和会理群,建议对本区下四组地层(洒海沟组、望厂组、菜园湾组、平顶山组)独立建群,即汤丹群.汤丹群是目前为止康滇地区已发现的最古老的地层建造之一,经历过古元古代中期的挤压过程(东川运动)和古元古代末期的拉张过程,可能是相对于扬子古陆核独立存在、并构成早—中元古宙Columbia超级大陆的一个小的古老陆块.     

图深1井涡轮钻井技术应用分析

长岭断陷泉头组以下深层地层岩石可钻性级值不断增高,机械钻速低,钻井周期长,提高深层钻井速度成为该地区钻井关键的问题。涡轮钻井由于具有高转速、高扭矩特点,能够提高破岩效率,但其特点又决定了其应用具有一定局限性,通过对图深1井涡轮钻井提速分析表明,涡轮钻井在长岭断陷登娄库组地层具有良好的提速效果,在营城组凝灰岩地层达不到提速的目的。     

柴达木盆地北缘全吉群红藻山组凝灰岩锆石U-Pb年龄及其地质意义

全吉群是不整合于柴达木北缘全吉(欧龙布鲁克)地块变质基底之上的第一套盖层型沉积,目前多数研究者认为其时代大体为新元古代晚期。本文在柴北缘全吉山的全吉群红藻山组建组剖面上,对位于该组下部的两层凝灰岩开展了LA-MC-ICPMS锆石U-Pb同位素定年研究,获得其岩浆锆石的U-Pb同位素年龄分别为(1 640±15) Ma和(1 646±20) Ma,标定了红藻山组的形成年龄,为柴北缘中新元古界年代地层的重新厘定与划分,提供了新的、直接的年代学约束,具有重要的科学意义。首先,这一新进展表明,在柴北缘地区,传统的全吉群红藻山组以下各组的时代,并非一直以来的“新元古代晚期南华纪-震旦纪(埃迪卡拉纪)”,而应属于国内的中元古代长城纪、国际上的古元古代固结纪(Statherian,1 800~1 600 Ma)晚期;其次,根据当前定年并结合新近在红藻山组与上覆地层之间发现有古风化壳及区域性不整合、全吉群上部发育有埃迪卡拉纪化石及冰碛砾岩等证据,本文进一步确认,柴北缘全吉群在红藻山组与其上覆黑土山组等地层单位之间其实存在着相当长时间的地层缺失,传统的“全吉群”应予解体。由此并参考已有资料,本文认为,早先代表柴达木地块形成的“全吉运动”并不能与华南的“晋宁运动”对比,而应与华北的“吕梁运动”相当,全吉地块乃至整个柴达木及周边地区的中、新元古代地质演化历史及其大地构造亲缘属性等,都应重新予以考虑。     

内蒙古阿鲁科尔沁旗新民组“豆状”凝灰岩岩石学特征及成因探讨

内蒙古阿鲁科尔沁旗新民组出露有“豆状”凝灰岩,其中含“火山豆”（火山灰球）65%左右.“火山豆”发育同心韵律环带构造,有的发育有玻璃质边,有的可见长石晶屑嵌入其边缘,填隙物中可见有长石晶屑聚集现象.通过分析岩石结构及碎屑成分特征,认为“火山豆”凝灰岩是火山喷发过程中,由炽热的高能量高密度火山灰涌流向外迁移并伴随大气降水共同作用形成.     

Volcano-sedimentary stratigraphy in the Valsequillo Basin,Central Mexico inferred from electrical resistivity soundings

Initial results of an electrical resistivity survey of the volcano-sedimentary sequence of the Valsequillo basin in central Mexico are presented. The volcano-sedimentary deposits preserve rich paleontological, paleoclimatic and paleoenvironmental records, which include extinct megafauna remains associated with human artifacts. The report of possible 38 ka old human footprint tracks in the Xalnene tuff attracted renewed interest in the basin stratigraphy. We examine the shallow stratigraphic sequence in the Xalnene tuff outcrop plain northwest of Cerro Toluquilla volcano using vertical resistivity soundings (VES). Inversion models of VES soundings show a layered structure of high and low resistivity units, which characterize the Xalnene tuff, lacustrine and fluvial sediments and volcanic rocks. 2-D resistivity cross sections document three major units corresponding to the Xalnene tuff and sediments filling a <30 m deep basin lying on volcanic rocks. Resistivity models provide further support for the association of Xalnene tuff with the Toluquilla volcano and emplacement of the pyroclastic deposits on a shallow lacustrine environment. The resistivity cross sections constrain the thickness of the tuff layers and underlying lacustrine sediments. Observations during the data acquisition field work provide insight on the possible origin of the apparent tracks, which seem to develop from erosion processes acting on quarrying marks. Further analysis and experimental evidence is required to understand the morphology and weathered patterns. The tuff layers are being removed by quarrying operations and the outcrops significantly altered. Adequate conservation measurements should be implemented to preserve the deposits for scientific research.