宁阳煤田茅庄井田煤系地层特征和成煤环境分析

通过对宁阳煤田茅庄井田煤系地层综合分析,揭示了茅庄井田的煤层岩性特征和沉积环境。研究结果表明:该井田主要含煤地层为早二叠世山西组和晚石炭世—早二叠世太原组,总厚度约220 m。可采或局部可采者4层,即3上煤层,3下煤层,16煤层、17煤层,平均总厚度为9.52 m。本井田内3上煤层、3下煤层为主采煤层。含煤地层为石炭—二叠纪月门沟群,其中山西组是该区最重要的含煤地层。沉积环境为从海相沉积为主到以陆相沉积为主的转变过渡时期,岩石地层反映了典型的海陆交互相的沉积特征;在海陆交互期海退三角洲平原上供应了大量的泥炭沼泽,为茅庄井田煤层提供了物质基础。其中太原组为典型的海陆交互相沉积,沉积相环境稳定,变化小,标志层及煤层层位清楚、稳定,煤层沉积层序规律性强,是区域地层对比的稳定层位。     

利用黄河泥沙治理巨野煤田沉陷区初探

利用黄河泥沙资源治理煤田采空沉陷区,可以清除黄河泥沙,降低黄河河底高度,达到除害兴利的目的。该文讨论了巨野煤田开发存在的沉陷问题,以及因此造成的危害和影响,研究利用黄河泥沙资源恢复煤田沉陷区的途径和方法,对于类似沉陷区治理有重要的借鉴意义。     

基于量纲分析的金属矿山覆岩垮落高度预测研究

提出利用量纲分析的方法对金属矿山覆岩垮落高度进行初步探索,对影响覆岩垮落的一系列因素进行统计和分析。垮落高度的影响因素包括采矿方法、矿体厚度、开采深度、构造应力、采空区尺寸、覆岩岩性、岩性结构、断层结构和时间等。结合工程实际和量纲分析构建了函数关系式和量纲矩阵,得出了垮落高度H与矿体厚度d、开采深度h、构造应力? h、采空区尺寸s、岩石重度? 、岩石松散系数k、硬度系数f之间的定量关系式。选取金属矿山垮落工程实例对所建立的垮落高度预测关系式进行验证,其垮落高度的计算结果与现场实测结果较吻合,误差在5.8%左右,满足工程需要。该方法可为矿山水体下采矿参数选取、矿山冲击地压控制及采矿方法的选择提供参考。     

东欢坨矿8煤瓦斯异常的地质因素

运用压汞法和等温吸附法对开滦矿区东欢坨矿8煤储层特征进行研究,结合矿井实测瓦斯涌出量数据,分析了控制东欢坨矿8煤瓦斯异常涌出的地质因素。结果表明:瓦斯异常主控地质因素为地质构造及水文地质特征,东欢坨矿"水大瓦斯小,水小瓦斯大"的赋存规律明显。矿井瓦斯赋存形式主要为游离态,表现出在压性断层带时,瓦斯涌出量较小;在未导通煤系含水层情况下,张性断层带往往煤体破碎、孔裂隙相对发育,瓦斯涌出量显著增大,而在断层导通煤系含水层的水文异常区,瓦斯涌出量有明显减小的趋势。东欢坨矿瓦斯涌出量受多种因素的控制,筛选出煤层埋深、煤层厚度、煤层顶板含泥率和断层数作为主要控制因素,建立了具有较好相关性的瓦斯涌出量多变量数学预测模型;并通过灰色系统理论建模软件对瓦斯涌出量和各影响因子之间的关联度进行分析,得到断层数是瓦斯涌出量的最主要影响因素。      

论滇西北衙金矿万硐山矿段开采技术条件

近年来,因矿山开采技术条件不清而盲目开采,导致淹井矿难、地质灾害和环境污染事故频频发生,万硐山矿段也不例外.通过资料收集、水工环测绘、工程编录、动态观测、样品测试等手段,查明了万硐山矿段的水文地质、工程地质、环境地质条件,为矿山开采设计提供了依据,为安全生产提供了保障.建议所有矿山企业充分认识到加强矿山开采技术条件勘查评价的紧迫性和重要性,以确保矿山安全生产和环境保护,同步实现良好的经济效益、社会效益和环境效益.     

GIS在矿区岩溶陷落柱位置圈定中的应用

区域构造、可溶性岩层和地下水动力条件是岩溶陷落柱形成的３个必备条件。选取刘桥二矿作为研究区,从现有数据中分类提取出区域构造、可溶性岩层和煤层顶底板强富水异常区３个因素,根据底板等高线生成煤层底板坡度图及研究区邻近区域内已探明陷落柱的特征,结合这３个因素,运用GIS叠置分析圈定出4个可能的陷落柱发育区,再经与实际生产情况资料对比,得出巷道揭露的Ⅱ617风巷陷落柱位于第Ⅱ区内。     

Establishing a Clean‐quality Indicator System for Evaluating Reclaimed Land in the Antaibao Opencast Mine Area,China

This article discusses the existing problems associated with reclaimed land in the area of the Antaibao Opencast Coal Mine, which is located in the semi‐arid region of northwest China. The following eight indicators of the suitability of the reclaimed land were developed based on the theory of soil genesis and landscape ecology: the thickness of the effective soil layer, composition of the soil surface, vegetation index, types of covering vegetation, slope of the terrain, time of reclamation, area of the evaluation unit, and the shape index of the evaluation unit. The suitability evaluation indexes of the reclaimed land were determined using the 3S technology and fuzzy evaluation methods, which revealed that the suitability of the reclaimed land in the study area could be divided into six grades and two categories, land suitable for farming, and land suitable for trees or grass. The suitability evaluation indicators and evaluation methods developed to evaluate reclaimed land in this study will be beneficial to the large‐scale rapid monitoring and the effective management of reclaimed land in the opencast mine area.     

计算机辅助矿产资源储量动态估算与管理模型

针对我国矿产资源储量监管水平落后,矿山资源储量动态估算、管理及图件编制信息化程度低的现状,以矿山日常勘探与开发工作流程为主线,以地矿点源数据库为基础,研究了一种新的可对不断勘探与开采的矿山提供有效支持的计算机辅助矿产资源储量动态估算与管理模型。该模型可实现复杂多金属矿山资源储量二维及三维空间一体化与可视化动态估算,创新性地解决了复杂多金属矿山勘探与开发所面临的资源储量动态核减与管理问题。以基于该模型实现的矿产资源勘查与开发软件--QuantyMine传统方法矿产资源储量动态估算子系统为工具,以福建紫金矿业集团所属的多个矿山为实际应用对象进行模型检验。经与核实报告对比分析,所选取的某典型多金属矿床矿石量、金属量动态估算结果与报告结果相差分别为-1.78％～2.86％和-5.05％～4.45％,资源储量各类别结果接近。     

山西大同小峪煤矿煤系粘土岩夹矸地球化学特征

采用化学法和中子活化(INAA)法,对山西大同小峪煤矿山西组和太原组的3件不同粘土岩样品的8种常量元素(氧化物)和33种微量元素含量进行了测定。通过对具有示踪意义的元素及其比值的对比分析表明,3个样品总体上均不具有典型的沉积岩特征,应该是由酸性或酸性偏碱性火山物质(降落的或陆源搬运的)在地表覆水较浅的弱氧化条件下经原地淋滤、蚀变形成的。岩石总体蚀变程度较高,不稳定或较不稳定的元素大量流失,甚至一些较稳定的元素(如高岭岩中的铁、锰)也明显流失。蚀变环境及介质条件、成岩原始物质组成及其粒度大小以及粘土物质组成是造成粘土岩类型及其不同类型间元素含量差异的主要原因。      

Influence of Sungun copper mine on groundwater quality,NW Iran

Sungun mine is the largest open-cast copper mine in northwest of Iran and is in the primary stages of extraction. The influence of mining activity on the quality of regional groundwater has been taken in to consideration in this study. Accordingly, sampling was done from 22 springs in the study area. The concentrations of major anions and cations as well as Al, Cu, Cd, Cr, Fe, Mn, and Zn were determined for all 22 spring samples in mid-August 2005. The results showed that the concentrations of most of these elements were below the USA Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) limits; however, Al and Fe concentrations are considered to be more than limits in a couple of samples. Despite the fact that geological formations are highly weathered and fractured, the dissolution of minerals within the study area is low. This may be justified by the relatively high alkalinity of local underground water which keeps metals in solid phase and does not let them enter dissolved phase. Additionally, this may be attributed to the high velocity of groundwater flows, which do not give enough time for minerals to dissolve. Correlation coefficients among water chemistry components were determined and the weighted-pair group method was chosen for cluster analysis. Accordingly, high correlation among Al, Fe and Cr, Cd ,and Cu, sodium absorption ratio (SAR) and Na as well as total hardness (TH), Ca, and Mg were observed. The chemical characteristics of water compositions on the basis of major ion concentrations were evaluated on a Schoeller and Piper diagram. Accordingly, the dominant type of water in the region is considered to be Ca-HCO₃ (calcium-bicarbonate type). However, this type of water is also rich in Na, K, and especially Mg. Regarding Schoeller diagram, the current status of local underground water is good for drinking purposes. By commencing mining excavation with designed capacity in near future, the minerals will come into contact with air and water resulting in dissolution, especially in ponds, which, in turn, will increase the concentration of toxic metals in groundwater. Considering future uses of this water including for drinking, irrigation, industrial purposes, etc., precautions must be taken in to consideration.