矿山环境治理地质灾害危险性评估技术探讨

矿山开采活动直接导致地质环境的破坏,而地质环境的改变极易诱发地质灾害。只有对地质灾害体类型、规模、影响范围、稳定性、危险性和危害程度做出准确评估后,才能设计出合理、有效的治理方案。本文以某矿山旅游改造项目为例,探讨了矿山因开采诱发的崩塌,不稳定边坡和泥石流灾种的地质灾害危险性评估的定性、半定量评价方法,并针对评估结果,提出了相应的治理方案,为矿山编制旅游改造控制性规划,实现可持续发展提供了科学的依据。本文提出的评价方法在类似矿山不稳定边坡地质灾害危险性评估中具有参考和借鉴价值。     

Genetic Relationship between Natural Gas Dispersal Zone and Uranium Accumulation in the Northern Ordos Basin, China

The Ordos Basin is well-known for the coexistence of oil, natural gas, coal and uranium. However, there has been little research to discuss the genetic relationship between them. In this paper, a case study of the Zaohuohao area in Dongsheng, Inner Mongolia, China, is conducted to investigate the genetic relationship between the natural gas and the uranium accumulation. Fluid inclusion data from the uranium-bearing sandstone samples indicate that the fluid inclusions formed in a gas-water transition zone. Using the homogeneous temperatures of aqueous inclusions coeval with hydrocarbon-bearing inclusions, combined with the buried history and paleo-temperature data, the gas-water transition zone reached the area at about 110 Ma. On the basis of this, the contents of Uranium （U） and Total Organic Carbon （TOC） of the samples were analyzed, and there was no obvious relation between them. With regard to the available data from both publications and this study, it is found that the U mineralization has a spatiotemporal accordance with the gas-water dispersal zone. Thus, it is believed that the natural gas in the gas-water zone is an effective reducer to the U-bearing ground water abundant in oxygen, which is the main factor to U accumulation. This result can be used as the reference to the U mines predicting and prospecting.     

浅论矿山公园规划——以内蒙古巴林石国家矿山公园为例

从矿山公园的定义和内涵出发,对矿山公园和地质公园进行了比较,指出了两者之间存在的差异。以内蒙古巴林石国家矿山公园为例,从规划原则、规划范围的界定及功能布局等几个方面对矿山公园的规划进行了探讨。     

Studies on the effect of burden width on blast-induced vibration in open-pit mines

This study concerns the correlation between burden and blast-induced vibrations in open-pit mines. For this purpose, two different mines were studied. In these mines, the vibrations caused by explosions at burdens having widths ranging from 3 to 14 m were measured from various distances. From the results, it was found for these cases that burden width has a significant impact on vibrations. Consequently, it was proven that vibrations decrease as burden increases.     

徐州市矿山环境地质问题及防治对策

徐州市为我国著名的煤炭生产基地,是全国主要矿业城市之一。随着社会经济特别是矿业的不断发展,该市的矿山环境问题日益突出。如煤矿、铁矿地面塌陷破坏的土地21309hm2,开山采石占用与破坏土地1430hm2,造成矿区10万人失去了赖以生存的土地;矿坑排水、洗(选)煤水排放、煤矸石堆放、回填塌陷地及开山采石造成矿区水、土、气环境严重污染;井下采矿大量疏干排水造成水资源枯竭;采煤塌陷地破坏水利工程及道路等地表设施;开山采石影响自然景观及城市景观……。针对上述状况,文章从构建"绿色徐州"及"生态徐州"角度出发,提出一系列防治对策建议:①加快矿山环境保护与治理规划编制,严格矿山环境准入制度;②创建"绿色矿山",走可持续发展的道路;③重视采煤地面塌陷区的土地复垦,建设生态农业示范区;④加大废弃资源的综合利用,挖掘矿山旅游资源。     

盘江矿区火烧铺煤矿水文地质特征分析

通过对火烧铺煤矿所处水文地质条件与矿井多年开采实测涌水量的分析与研究，总结出该煤矿矿井涌水量主要受开采面积、采空区面积和开采深度制约，其相关系数高达0．8以上，随着三者之一增加，矿井涌水量亦随之增加的规律性，为本区新建或改扩建的以裂隙充水为主的煤矿床提供了可比拟的依据。     

钻孔充填压浆法在采空区治理中的应用——以湖南省邵东某石膏矿采空区为例

矿山开采形成的采空区往往会给地表建筑物带来破坏，对采空区的治理方法也有多种，针对湖南某石膏矿采空区的分布与埋藏特征及其工程地质条件，采用了钻孔充填压浆法进行了治理。实践证明钻孔充填压浆法对采空区的治理具有成本低，设备简单，技术可靠，效果明显，有进一步推广的意义。     

The Sweet Home rhodochrosite specimen mine,Alma District,Central Colorado: the porphyry molybdenum–fluorine connection

Intermediate sulfidation veins containing quartz–sphalerite–tetrahedrite–rhodochrosite–fluorite in the Sweet Home Mine, Alma District, Colorado were originally mined for silver starting in 1873. For the last 13 years up until 2004, however, the mine has produced world-class rhodochrosite specimens. Some of these specimens are considered to be among the finest mineral specimens ever produced and the finest of their species with values well over $1 million US dollars. The extraction, preparation, and marketing techniques pioneered at the Sweet Home operation have revolutionized the minerals specimen industry. The Sweet Home deposit is interpreted as a single pulse variant of a Climax-type hydrothermal system. Evidence for this includes (1) an age of mineralization (25.8 ± 0.3 Ma) that coincides with the age of the end stages of mineralization of the Climax molybdenum deposit approximately 7.5 km to the northeast; (2) a geochemical (Mn, W, F) and mineralogical (topaz, fluorite, hubnerite, greisen muscovite) signature typically associated with Climax-type systems; (3) the presence of porphyry rhyolite dikes, a breccia dike, and local quartz–molybdenite veins in the nearby area; (4) a small pegmatite within the mine with an age (25.9 ± 0.3 Ma) coincident with mineralization, which also contains minor amounts of disseminated molybdenite; and (5) the presence of similar-appearing gemmy, red rhodochrosites at Climax and other high-silica rhyolite systems. A significant difference is that unlike Climax-type systems, the Sweet Home hydrothermal system appears to have consisted of a single, relatively small pulse of magmatic fluid that slowly cooled and diluted with groundwater. This is inferred to have occurred at moderate depths in the order of 1.5–2.5 km below the surface. The fluids that formed the Sweet Home veins were dilute (salinity in the order of 2–4 wt% NaCl equivalent), high-temperature (temperatures of homogenization up to 370°C), and initially of magmatic origin. Gem quality ruby-red rhodochrosite at the Sweet Home Mine is nearly pure manganese carbonate with minimal solid solution with Fe⁺², Ca, or Mg. It formed at higher temperatures and salinities in comparison to lower value, pink rhodochrosite. Gemmy, ruby-red rhodochrosite is distinctly associated with highly evolved silica-rich igneous/hydrothermal systems. The high fluorine content typical of such systems suggests that Mn was transported in solution as fluoride complexes, which, in turn, favored rhodochrosite deposition at above-average temperatures and with minimal cation contamination. An erratum to this article can be found at     

“数字矿山”建设中的地学软件应用与地矿数据集成

为了降低成本、提高效率,国内的许多矿山企业正在开展"数字矿山"工程建设。与一般的企业不同,矿山的信息化需要地学专业软件的支持。本文分析了国内外矿山企业信息化的发展趋势,并列举了国外主要的矿山地矿软件和国内近年来出现的矿山软件。同时指出为了实现地矿软件的高效运转,需要对矿山的基础数据进行规范化整理,建立矿山地矿数据集成平台。为了得到更好的效果,需要将数据集成管理和矿山地矿软件中的功能处理结合起来,充分发挥两者的优势,为提高"数字矿山"的运行效率服务。     

On 3D Geo-visualization of a Mine Surface Plant and Mine Roadway

Constructing the 3D virtual scene of a coal mine is the objective requirement for modernizing and processing information on coal mining production. It is also the key technology to establish a "digital...