论滇西北衙金矿万硐山矿段开采技术条件

近年来,因矿山开采技术条件不清而盲目开采,导致淹井矿难、地质灾害和环境污染事故频频发生,万硐山矿段也不例外.通过资料收集、水工环测绘、工程编录、动态观测、样品测试等手段,查明了万硐山矿段的水文地质、工程地质、环境地质条件,为矿山开采设计提供了依据,为安全生产提供了保障.建议所有矿山企业充分认识到加强矿山开采技术条件勘查评价的紧迫性和重要性,以确保矿山安全生产和环境保护,同步实现良好的经济效益、社会效益和环境效益.     

地理信息系统在煤炭生产中的应用研究──煤矿地质测量信息系统（CMGIS）的开发

应用地理信息系统理论、技术和方法，针对煤炭生产管理中的地质测量问题，研究开发了煤矿地质测量信息系统（ＣＭＧＩＳ）。在分析ＣＭＧＩＳ系统目标的基础上，确立了符合煤炭生产管理实际需要的系统硬件配置和逻辑结构，着重论述了ＣＭＧＩＳ的软件组成及系统功能。ＣＭＧＩＳ较其它应用系统具有较强的图形功能，能较好地解决煤矿地质测量成图问题。     

煤矿塌陷地复垦还田生态重建研究--以抚顺煤矿为例

以抚顺煤矿为例,采用复垦还田与排矸相结合复垦高质量农田,轻可减少占用土地面积,又能在塌陷地复垦还田;同时也将剥离矸石等固体废物掩埋,防止环境污染,有利于保护环境,具有较大经济效益、神会效益和环境效益,为东北区乃至 全国类似矿区塌陷地复垦还田生态重建提供示范。     

露天煤矿截水帷幕防渗膜垂向隐蔽铺设施工工艺

防渗膜（HDPE土工膜）目前广泛应用于防污染、防渗漏、防扩散为主的防渗工程中,且铺设形式复杂多样。在我国某露天煤矿地下截水帷幕工程中,将防渗膜进行大深度垂向隐蔽铺设,深度可突破50 m,作为帷幕墙防渗主体;利用接头箱技术,实现了不同槽段间的防渗膜叠覆连接;通过注浆回填工艺,在压紧防渗膜的同时,提高了帷幕墙的抗渗性;最后采用围井抽水试验验证了墙体的防渗性,结果表明,防渗膜帷幕墙渗透系数仅为8.6×10^-7 cm/s,达到设计要求。防渗膜帷幕墙具有施工效率高、成本低、绿色环保等优点,其成功应用对其他类似项目具有推广借鉴意义。     

Monitoring active open-pit mine stability in the Rhenish coalfields of Germany using a coherence-based SBAS method

With the recent progress in synthetic aperture radar (SAR) technology, especially the new generation of SAR satellites (Sentinel-1 and TerraSAR-X), our ability to assess slope stability in open-pit mines has significantly improved. The main objective of this work is to map ground displacement and slope instability over three open-pit mines, namely, Hambach, Garzweiler and Inden, in the Rhenish coalfields of Germany to provide long-term monitoring solutions for open-pit mining operations and their surroundings. Three SAR datasets, including Sentinel-1A data in ascending and descending orbits and TerraSAR-X data in a descending orbit, were processed by a modified small baseline subset (SBAS) algorithm, called coherence-based SBAS, to retrieve ground displacement related to the three open-pit mines and their surroundings. Despite the continuously changing topography over these active open-pit mines, the small perpendicular baselines of both Sentinel-1A and TerraSAR-X data were not affected by DEM errors and hence could yield accurate estimates of surface displacement. Significant land subsidence was observed over reclaimed areas, with rates exceeding 500 mm/yr, 380 mm/yr, and 310 mm/yr for the Hambach, Garzweiler and Inden mine, respectively. The compaction process of waste materials is the main contributor to land subsidence. Land uplift was found over the areas near the active working parts of the mines, which was probably due to excavation activities. Horizontal displacement retrieved from the combination of ascending and descending data was analysed, revealing an eastward movement with a maximum rate of ∼120 mm/yr on the western flank and a westward movement with a maximum rate of ∼ 60 mm/yr on the eastern flank of the pit. Former open-pit mines Fortuna-Garsdorf and Berghein in the eastern part of Rhenish coalfields, already reclaimed for agriculture, also show subsidence, at locations reaching 150 mm/yr. The interferometric results were compared, whenever possible, with groundwater information to analyse the possible reasons for ground deformation over the mines and their surroundings.     

基于D-InSAR的煤矿区开采沉陷遥感监测技术分析

该文在综合分析国内外开采沉陷监测技术现状、合成孔径雷达干涉测量(InSAR)和差分干涉测量(D-In SAR)技术发展及其在地表沉陷监测中应用成果的基础上,分析了D-InSAR技术在煤矿开采沉陷变形监测中的特点与技术优势。指出:应用D-InSAR进行煤矿区开采沉陷监测的具体目标是矿区地表沉降演变过程分析、采区地表沉陷动态监测与分析和矿区DEM数据更新;亟须研究解决的关键技术问题有:源数据获取与选择、数据处理方法、地面配合措施、精度与可靠性评价、多源信息集成分析等。D-InSAR为煤矿区地表时空演变过程研究和开采沉陷实时动态监测提供了新的技术方法;作为"数字矿山"的重要内容,D-InSAR可以有效地指导矿区生产、整体规划与长远发展,并为矿区可持续发展服务。     

近水平煤层开采上覆岩层运动与沉陷规律相关研究

将近水平煤层开采的上覆岩层运动与地表沉陷作为一个整体系统进行研究,论述了采场上覆岩层的运动规律和裂隙拱的形成及发展变化过程。并结合地表沉陷的GPS观测,确定了针对具体地质条件的地表移动变形边界角、移动角,找到了井下工作面推进位置与地表下沉速度之间的关系。     

Generation and Evolution of Ore Fluids for Porphyry Cu-Au Mineralization of the Santo Tomas II (Philex) Deposit, Philippines

Abstract: The Santo Tomas II (Philex) deposit is a porphyry Cu‐Au deposit, located in the southern part of the Baguio mineral district, Benguet Province, northern Luzon, Philippines. The Santo Tomas II deposit is associated with an intrusive complex consisting of four rock types that are distinguished based on petrography. They are 1) post‐ore clinopyroxene‐bearing hornblende andesite porphyry, 2) ore‐generating hornblende andesite porphyry, 3) hornblende quartz diorite porphyry and 4) porphyritic hornblende quartz diorite. K‐Ar age of hydrothermal biotitization was estimated to be 1.5±0.4 Ma. A number of intrusive bodies having broadly similar petrography and K‐Ar age occur in the vicinity of the Santo Tomas II deposit, such as at Clifton, Ligay (Binang), Bumolo (Waterhole) and Philex Main Camp areas. The intrusions at the Santo Tomas II deposit and in the vicinity are characterized by high X_Mg (Mg/[Mg+Fe] atomic ratio, about 0.7 or higher) of mafic silicate phenocrysts such as hornblende, and high sulfur contents (> 0.2 wt% as SO₃) in accessory microphenocrystic apatite, suggesting a highly oxidizing condition. Sulfur is accommodated dominantly as oxidized species since the crystallization of phe‐nocrysts. Sub‐dendritic rim of tremolitic amphibole on hornblende phenocryst in the ore‐generating andesite porphyry at the Santo Tomas II deposit suggests interaction of magma and aqueous fluid(s) exsolved due to decompression during intrusion. Dissemination of magnetite is associated with hydrothermal biotitization and is followed by sheeted and stockwork quartz veinlets having silician magnetite and rare titanohematite instead of Cu‐Fe sulfides. The silician magnetite‐rich quartz veinlet was formed at f_O2 near the hematite‐magnetite buffer at nearly magmatic temperature, where sulfur dominantly existed as oxidized species such as SO₂. Chalcopyrite and bornite, which commonly exhibit micrographic texture often accompanying Pd telluride and native gold/Au‐rich electrum, are associated with subsequent anhydrite (‐quartz) veinlets and stringers. Both intermediate solid solution (iss) and bornite solid solution (bnss) are thought to have coprecipitated primarily at above 500°C based on fluid inclusion microthermometry and sulfur isotope thermometry applied for anhydrite and associated chal‐copyrite and bornite. The initial iss is considered to have converted to chalcopyrite partly replacing bnss during cooling. The hypersaline polyphase fluid inclusions abundantly found in the sheeted and stockwork quartz as well as anhydrite veinlets with scarce gaseous inclusions suggest that they have been trapped in the two aqueous fluid immiscible region. The western Luzon arc associated with porphyry Cu mineralization is characterized by oxidized hydrous magmatism and shallow emplacement, and by the source of sulfur enriched in ³⁴S.     

矿山环境地表水系的硫同位素研究——以贵州赫章后河为例

为更好地了解矿山环境中元素迁移释放的地球化学过程,本文研究了赫章后河地表水系硫酸根和沉积物中的硫同位素组成。结果发现,水体和沉积物中硫同位素组成差异较大,不同水体中SO42-的浓度与δ34S值之间有较好的相关性,主河道水体和沉积物中的硫主要来自矿业活动的释放。水体中硫同位素组成不仅能反映水体的受污染情况和污染水体的扩散范围,还能反映沉积物中硫化物氧化作用的地球化学过程。     

霄云煤矿1313工作面隐伏陷落柱突水机理分析

水害已成为威胁煤矿安全生产的重要灾害之一,不仅会对井下工作人员的安全造成极大的威胁,还会给煤矿的经济造成重要的损失。煤矿的水文地质条件受地层、构造、岩浆岩等影响因素较大,使得水害的类型繁多,特别是对隐伏型导水构造的精细探查预测能力不足,使其成为了矿井水害的重要导水通道。霄云煤矿1313工作面发生突水灾害,虽然该区域位于三维地震范围内,但受地震技术手段的限制,3煤层之下岩煤层分辨率很低,三维地震精细报告及井下瞬变电磁成果均未解释此区域内有陷落柱发育。通过对矿井内的地质地层、构造、岩浆岩及水文地质概况等资料的研究以及对突水后的水质、邻近奥灰长观孔水文观测、水温的分析,认为突水水源为奥陶纪灰岩含水层,通过后期的注浆钻孔漏失深度及注浆情况,能够确定该处存在一个半径约为9.00m的陷落柱,发育高度约为116m。据此综合判断该次矿井突水的通道为隐伏在3煤层底板之下的陷落柱构造。