新一代天气雷达体扫模式的比较分析

新一代天气雷达系统（CINRAD SA）中，在应用各种气象算法识别强对流风暴时，由于两种体扫模式VCP11和VCP21的差异，导致其生成的产品有明显的不同。为了进一步说明两者之间的这种差别，建立一个与VCP21基本相同的模式VCP22，并对VCP11与VCP22／VCP21生成的产品进行了比较分析；结果表明：在对流性不强的层状云降水天气过程中，两种体扫模式下生成的产品基本上是一样的；而在强对流天气过程中，当距离小于150km时，VCP11和VCP21的产品有较大差别，这说明在较近距离出现强对流天气时，应当使用VCP11模式而不是VCP21模式。     

水动力方法改善品清湖水质的可行性及优化方案

为提升潟湖水环境质量和水动力条件,改善因潮水动力弱、自然条件限制和频繁的人类活动对沿海潟湖脆弱生态环境的影响,文章以亚洲第二大潟湖品清湖为例,基于MIKE21非结构网格建立了品清湖及周边海域二维水动力模型,并在此基础上耦合构建水质模型。通过分析对比品清湖现状与17种改造工况间的水动力及水质的影响变化发现,拆除近岸或者离岸1/2防波堤（工况2和工况3）或同步拆除1/4沙舌和部分崩坎角（工况9）可在较低工程量下有效地改善品清湖水动力及水质,使品清湖的整体平均流速提升10.42%~32.25%,纳潮量增加1.68%~2.48%,水体更新时间缩短21.44%~23.13%,TN和TP浓度分别降低9.0%~10.7%、11.2%~13%;工况2、工况3和工况9各有优势,但不适合共同实施。研究结果不但可为低成本品清湖修复工程提供实施依据,也可为潟湖的水动力、水质改善提供模拟案例。     

The demographics of energy and mobility poverty: Assessing equity and justice in Ireland,Mexico, and the United Arab Emirates

Energy and mobility poverty limits people’s choices and opportunities and negatively impinges upon structural economic and social welfare patterns. It also hampers the ability of planners to implement more equitable and just decarbonization pathways. Research has revealed that climate policies have imposed a financial burden on low-income and other vulnerable groups by increasing food and energy prices, leading as well to global inequality. Similarly, researchers have warned that in developing countries, emission mitigation policies could increase poverty rates and even frustrate progress towards universal access to clean energy. This research explores whether low-income social groups experience a 'double energy vulnerability', a situation that simultaneously positions people at heightened risk of transport and energy poverty. We investigate this 'double vulnerability' through original data collection via three nationally representative surveys of Mexico (N = 1,205), the United Arab Emirates (N = 1,141), Ireland and Northern Ireland (N = 1,860). We draw from this original data to elaborate on the sociodemographic attributes, expenditure and behaviour emerging from energy and transport use, focusing on themes such as equity, behaviour and vulnerability. We propose energy and transport poverty indexes that allow us to summarize the key contributing factors to energy and transport poverty in the countries studied and uncover a strong correlation between these two salient forms of poverty. Our results suggest that energy and transport poverty are common issues regardless of the very different national, and even sub-national, contexts. We conclude that energy and transport poverty requires target policy interventions suitable for all segments of society, thus enabling contextually-tailored, just energy transitions.