峡东寒武纪三叶虫化石新材料

三峡东部中寒武统化石稀少。本文对在宜昌三斗坪中寒武世覃家庙组二段下部含鲕粒灰岩、细晶灰岩中所采获的三叶虫Xingrenaspis sp.进行了研究和描述,并对含化石地层时代进行了讨论。此次发现,丰富了峡东中寒武世的化石资料,也为本区中寒武世地层划分对比提供了新的依据。     

陕西韩城寒武纪三叶虫生物地层

陕西韩城寒武系出露良好 ,化石丰富 ,假整合覆盖于厚约 2 0 m的霍山组石英砂岩之上 ,从下寒武统上部至奥陶系为沉积连续。本区寒武系主要以紫色和黄色泥页岩、泥灰岩、灰岩和白云质灰岩为主 ,从下到上可划分为馒头组、毛庄组、徐庄组、张夏组和三山子组。根据在本区寒武系发现的三叶虫化石 ,韩城地区寒武系可划分为 14个生物带 ,自上而下为 :Blackwelderia带 ,Damesella带 ,L iopeishania带 ,Dorpyge richthofeni带 ,Crepicephalina带 ,Manchuriella带 ,Poriagraulos带 ,Inouyops带 ,Sunaspis带 ,H suchuagia带 ,Shantungaspis带 ,Probowmaniella带 ,Weijiaspis带和 Redlichia murakamii带。     

Early–Middle Ordovician conodont biofacies on the Yangtze Platform margin,South China: Applications to palaeoenvironment and sea-level changes

9172 Conodonts have been recovered from the uppermost Hunghuayuan Formation and the Zitai Formation at two sections in Shitai County, southern Anhui Province, South China, which was situated close to the margin of the Lower Yangtze Platform during the Early to Middle Ordovician. Systematic and multivariate statistical studies on these conodonts permit recognition of seven conodont biofacies: Tropodus biofacies, Diaphorodus biofacies, Oepikodus biofacies, Baltoniodus biofacies, Paroistodus biofacies, Periodon biofacies and Protopanderodus biofacies. Each biofacies is restricted to a particular lithofacies and stratal position and shows a consistent order and/or position within the succession. Turnover of these conodont biofacies is related to sea-level changes. The transgressive–regressive patterns demonstrated by the conodont biofacies compare closely to published sea level curves for South China, and highlight the utility of conodont biofacies as a means of confirming sedimentological evidence of relative sea-level change.     

湖北兴山寒武系覃家庙群底部三叶虫化石的地层学意义

三峡地区覃家庙群以一套缺乏化石的薄层白云岩沉积为特征。新近在湖北兴山古洞口剖面覃家庙群底部发现Kaotaia gedongensis Yuan & Zhao,Kunmingaspis yunnanensis Chang,Chittidilla sp.等三叶虫。依据三叶虫生物地层学对比结果,结合研究剖面与覃家庙群标准剖面和参考剖面岩石地层学对比,认为三峡地区覃家庙群为跨传统下、中寒武统的地层单元。     

贵州安顺长兴阶顶部三叶虫化石

三叶虫是二叠纪末生物集群灭绝中消失的生物门类之一,但是关于该门类生物化石在中国消失的确切层位未见报道。贵州安顺新民剖面大隆组顶部的三叶虫化石Pseudophillipsia sp.产于火山成因的黏土岩之炭质泥岩夹层中,相邻的泥灰岩结核中产牙形石化石Clarkina meishanensis。该黏土岩及炭质泥岩夹层可以与浙江长兴煤山D剖面的第25层对比,这说明三叶虫延续到了主灭绝事件层位,对研究二叠纪末生物集群灭绝的原因具有一定的意义。     

大港滩海埕北地区古近纪生物地层与油气的关系

大港滩海埕北地区古近系发育沙三段至东一段地层,在这些地层中保存着丰富的介形类、腹足类、轮藻类、孢粉和藻类等生物化石.按照生物特征将沉积物分为A,B,C,D,E等5种生物相带,分别对应河流—三角洲平原和沼泽相、滨湖相、浅湖相、浅湖—半深湖相、深湖相的沉积环境.勘探资料表明,水生生物繁盛的滨湖、浅湖、半深湖环境是储集层发育...     

Heterozoan carbonates from the equatorial rocky reefs of the Galápagos Archipelago

Strongly influenced by seasonal and interannual (i.e. El Niño‐Southern Oscillation) upwelling, the equatorial setting of the Galápagos Archipelago is divided into well‐defined temperature, nutrient and calcium carbonate saturation (Ω_aragonite) regions. To understand the relationship between oceanographic properties and sediment grain associations, grain size, carbonate content and components from sea floor surface samples were analysed, representing the main geographical regions of the Galápagos Archipelago. The shallow‐water rocky reefs of the Galápagos Archipelago are characterized by mixed carbonate–siliciclastic slightly gravelly sands. Despite minor differences in carbonate content, major differences exist in the distribution and composition of key carbonate producing biota. Halimeda is absent and benthic foraminifera occur in extremely low abundance. The western side of the Galápagos Archipelago is strongly influenced by nutrient‐rich, low‐Ω_aragonite, subtropical water, which generates a heterozoan carbonate biofacies in a tropical realm resembling cold‐water counterparts (i.e. serpulid, echinoderm, gastropod, barnacle and bryozoan‐rich facies). The Central East region is composed of a transitional‐heterozoan biofacies. Biofacies observed in the northern region have an increased occurrence of tropical corals, albeit with a minor overall contribution to the carbonate components. Although the temperature gradient would allow for a broader distribution of photozoan biofacies, the increased nutrient concentration and related reduced light penetration from the upwelled waters favour heterozoan carbonate factories, mimicking cool‐water, deeper or higher latitude environments. The recent sedimentary record of the Galápagos Archipelago presents a range of tropical heterozoan carbonate communities, responding to more than simply latitude or temperature but a much more complex mixture of physical, evolutionary and geological processes.     

Middle and Late Cambrian trilobite communities from Fenghuang (Dama) of western Hunan, China

Middle and Late Cambrian trilobite faunas from the Dama section in western Hunanare are composed of 63 genera and subgenera, 84 species, and two forms of gen. et sp. indetermined. Which include a mixture of cosmopolitan agnostoids and polymeroids. Three new species, Hardyoides damaensis ,Meringaspis damaensis and Rhyssomelopus (Rodtrifinis ) nitidus, are described by present author in 2004. Besides, Erixanium is recognised for the first time in study area, which is significant for biostratigraphical correlation of the Late Cambrian in the Austalo-Asia region. According to distribution regularity vertical, the Middle and Late Cambrian trilobites can be divided into 9 trilobite communities for the Dama section. Based on the trilobite communities analysis, the author concludes that from the east Mt. Lailong to Dama through Fenghuang, further east, reach in Chenxi.the palaeoenvironments were changed from a shallow-water of oxygen-rich (platform margin slope) into a deep-water of oxygen-poor setting (basin).     

桂北南丹巴平剖面早石炭亚纪盆地相烃源岩的地球生物学特征

早石炭亚纪冰川性海平面变化及黔桂盆地独特的古地理位置控制着盆地中的地球生物学过程,决 定了生烃母质生物的生产力和有机质的保存条件,进而影响了盆地相烃源岩的形成与分布。通过对广西巴平剖 面地球生物相分析,探讨下石炭亚系盆地相烃源岩形成的地球生物学过程,结果表明：汤粑沟期早期、旧司期 中晚期生境型以Ⅵb （ 台间深海盆地生境相）为主,盆地中生产力水平较低,但盆地中水体较深,古氧相为厌氧 相,有机质埋藏效率高,形成了下石炭亚系的优质烃源岩。汤粑沟中期生境型为Ⅵｂ,生产力水平低,古氧相为 贫氧-厌氧相,由于沉积速率过慢,发生了大量的Mn /Fe氧化还原反应,降低了有机质的埋藏效率,仅形成了 一套非烃源岩。早旧司期及上司期生境型为Ⅳ1 （ 范围为风暴浪击面至真光层下界面） 、Ⅳ2 （ 范围为真光层下界 面至大陆架坡折处） ,生产力水平低-中,古氧相为准厌氧相-贫氧相,形成了一套非烃源岩-一般烃源岩。上 司期末期-罗苏期生境型主要为Ⅲ２ （ 范围为强光合作用面至风暴浪基面） ,局部为Ⅳ1,生产力水平中-高,古 氧相为常氧相-贫氧相,有机质埋藏效率低,形成了一套非烃源岩-差烃源岩。     

海南岛西北部早石炭世褶颊类三叶虫化石的发现及其古生物地层学意义

海南岛西北部白沙县金波老村附近南好组第二段首次发现Australosutura sp.,Conophillipsia sp.,Hunanoproetus sp.,Linguaphillisia sp.,Weberiphillipsia cf. linguiformis Yuan & Li,和Werberiphillipsia sp.等5属6种褶颊类三叶虫,据三叶虫生物地层年代确认,为分布广泛的早石炭世早期的属种。三叶虫化石的发现,不仅扩展了早石炭世三叶虫动物群的地理分布,而且为白沙地区南好组地层年代的修订及与岛内不同地区南好组的地层对比及与岛外同期地层的对比提供了精确的三叶虫生物地层的重要化石材料。