MHD激波能量转换

从ＭＨＤＲａｎｋｉｎｅ－Ｈｕｇｏｎｉｏｔ关系出发，导出激波下游磁能、内能和动能相对上游的增长因子，它们依赖于上游的激波角、等离子体β值和激波强度．对这些因子分析得出：１．由于行星际存在大尺度螺旋磁场，使激波而不同部位能量转换率不同，导致激波面西侧为强磁场区；２．磁能、内能转换与介质流速无关，动能转换与流速呈线性关系；３．在激波驱动过程中，能量通过后向激波输入到前、后向激波间的相互作用区；４．行星际激波能量转换以法向动能为主，随着激波向外传播介质β值不断增大，法向动能增长因子不断减小，致使激波和太阳风介质的相互作用不断减弱．     

共和──湟源地区近震波速及湟源地区地壳厚度的测定

本文选取湟源台５７３型地震仪在１９９０—１９９１年间记录的４９个共和地震和记录到ＰＮ震相的２５个地震资料，通过计算，得到共和——湟源之间直达波的平均传播速度为；Ｖ（ｐｇ）＝６．７６ｋｍ／ｓ、Ｖ（ｓｇ）＝３．８４ｋｍ／ｓ，湟源地区的地壳厚度为６１ｋｍ。     

1992年吉尔吉斯苏撒孟尔7.3级地震的地震构造与地震破裂

１９９２年８月１９日吉尔吉斯斯坦共和国苏撒孟尔盆地发生７．３级地震，主余震为６．７级。地震发生于北天山褶皱带内。震中烈度Ⅸ度。极震区内地震滑坡、崩塌呈ＥＷ向带状分布，并有地裂、泥砂喷发现象发生。主震和主余震的宏观震中区均产生地震断层陡坎。主震断层陡坎最高３．３５ｍ，陡坎总长度为１ｋｍ，陡坎走向为Ｎ６５°Ｅ～Ｎ８０°Ｅ，主震断层以逆推为主，并兼有右旋扭动。地震断层自南向北逆冲的水平距离是２ｍ左右。主余震断层陡坎长３ｋｍ，走向Ｎ６５°Ｗ，高７５ｃｍ左右。探槽开挖证实，主余震断层产状为Ｎ７２°Ｗ／１９２°∠１０°，地震时由南向北逆冲的水平距离是１ｍ。Ⅶ度以上等烈度线特征、地震地表破裂和震源机制解结果三者有关地震断错的结论一致     

新疆部分城镇远震和近震影响的确定方法

以建筑抗震设计规范ＧＢＪ１１－９（条文说明）中涉及到的新疆地区考虑远震影响的城镇为研究对象，采用现行的地震危险性分析概率方法，考虑远震和近震影响的实质，提出了一处合理的确定远震和近震影响的方法，进而确定这些城镇的基本烈度是远震影响还是近震影响。     

Invertebrate community response to experimental lime (Ca(OH)2) treatment of an eutrophic pond

Calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)₂), or hydrated lime, has recently been reintroduced in western Canada as a treatment to reduce macrophytes and algae in eutrophic waters. We examined the effects and recovery of aquatic invertebrates of the Ca(OH)₂ treatment (250 mg L^–1) of one half of a divided eutrophic pond compared to the untreated half. Nine weeks following treatment, total invertebrates on the untreated side were present at 1917 ± 555 individuals m^–2, and on the treated side at 822 ± 186 individuals m^–2. Notably, Chironomidae represented 13% of invertebrates on the untreated half, but dominated numerically with 72% on the treated half of the pond. The remaining five most abundant taxa in the untreated side were 88%–99% less abundant in the treated half of the pond. Diversity and evenness were twice as high for the untreated half as for the treated half of the pond. Because macrophytes were also extirpated with the Ca(OH)₂ treatment, macrophyteassociated taxa were absent or at low numbers in the treated half. The death of organisms on the treated side of the pond may have been caused (directly or indirectly) by the pH shock associated with Ca(OH)₂ treatments. Slow recolonization by most invertebrates during the year of treatment was probably due to the lack of heterogeneous macrophyte habitat. Follow-up sampling 3 years later indicated that the pond completely regained the abundance and biological diversity of flora and fauna.     

唐山地区近震S波分裂的观测与研究

文中主要采用Stuart Crampin提出的偏振分析技术,把数字化的地震资料进行了滤波和还原处理,对唐山地区进行了近震S波分裂的分析,得出这一地区的主压应力场方向为北东方向。     

慢激波在快激波下游演化的限制

慢激波的演化受其上游介质性质的制约，在等离子体热压与磁压之比β值和离子、电子温度比Ｔｉ／Ｔｅ大于１的介质中不利于慢波变陡形成慢激波。由飞船ＨｅｌｉｏｓＡ，Ｂ探测资料看出，在日心距０．３-１．０ＡＵ区间只有慢速太阳风流中存在有利于慢激波形成的条件。但理论计算和飞船观测指出，在快激波下游流场中β值和Ｔｉ／Ｔｅ都增大，因而在上述区间不论何种流速的太阳风中当有快激波经过后其下游流场内很难形成慢激波。     

地震序列的功率谱在序列类型判断及强余震预报中的应用

主震型与群震型地震序列的功率谱有着不同的衰减速率β，主震型序列的β值比群震型的低，并且在随时间的演化过程中，比群震型的衰减快，这表明了不同类型序列的动力学差异，根据β值可以在地震发生后的早期即１、３、７、３０天内对地震序列类型及强余震的发生作出预测。     

用sPn震相测定近震震源深度

用近震深度震相ｓＰｎ与Ｐｎ波的到时差测定近震深度，方法以求简捷准确。为此，对我国部分地区台网记录的ｓＰｎ震相进行了初步分析研究，通过研制的计算ｓＰｎ走时程序运算，给出华北、山西、华东、西北及四川地区的ｓＰｎ－Ｐｎ走时差对应震源深（ｈ）表和ｓＰｎ－Ｐｎ求震源深度列线图。经过震例检验，该表比较适合本地区的走时特性。为应用ｓＰｎ震相测准我国部分地区震源深度，提供了有利工具。     

Geomorphological characteristics of slope failures in northeast Viti Levu island,Fiji, triggered by Tropical Cyclone Winston in February 2016

The highways circumnavigating Viti Levu play a pivotal role in Fiji's socioeconomic development, and are a crucial link to transport aid during disasters. Slope failures triggered by heavy rainfall and tropical cyclones have led to considerable damage and fatalities along Viti Levu's main roads in the past. Knowledge of slope instability mechanisms is key for the successful identification and management of slope failure hazards, however, there is a paucity of such information for Fiji's main roads. Severe Tropical Cyclone (STC) Winston was the strongest cyclone on record to make landfall in Fiji and affected the Fiji Islands from the early hours of 20 February until 3 am, 21 February, 2016. We present a field reconnaissance examining the characteristics and mechanisms of slope failures induced by STC Winston along a 35 km stretch of the northern part of the Viti Levu's ring road, “Kings Road”. Approximately 61 distinct shallow, small‐scale slope failures were identified most of which were of a complex type and included earth and debris slides (planar and rotational) with a minor flow component. The trigger for the slope failures was the ~258 mm of rainfall in 24 hours after 30‐days of antecedent rainfall totalling 482 mm. This caused rapid increases in porewater pressures, especially at the contact of residual soils and the underlying weathered basement rock. Evidence of recurring slips along Kings Road indicates that contemporary slope instability is likely caused by elevated porewater pressure during high intensity rainfall events in clay‐dominated soils.