地震地方平太阴时集中程度的空间扫描在地震研究中的应用

根据显著地震地方平太阴时分布预报地震的思想,定义中小地震地方平太阴时的集中程度,将其当作一个测震学参数,并研制相应的空间扫描程序,为该参数的应用提供软件基础。为了评价其预报效果,该方法在安徽地区得到初步检验,结果显示,在安徽固镇地区的中强地震前半年左右该参数异常现象明显。     

黄斑篮子鱼去毒相关基因的克隆与肝脏组成型表达分析

从基因水平探讨海洋鱼类对海洋藻毒素的去毒分子机理。采用RT-PCR法成功克隆了黄斑篮子鱼Siganus oramin肝脏I时相代谢酶细胞色素P450 1A(CYP1A)、II时相代谢酶alpha型谷胱甘肽S-转移酶(GSTA)和rho型谷胱甘肽S-转移酶(GSTR)、热休克蛋白70 (HSP70)、alpha 1型钠钾ATP酶(ATP1A1)及β-肌动蛋白(beta-actin, ACT)基因cDNA核心序列,序列分别长879 bp、582 bp、588 bp、660 bp、749 bp和554 bp。序列同源性分析发现,属鲈形目的黄斑篮子鱼CYP1A、GSTA和GSTR与同属鲈形目的牙鲆Paralichthys olivaceus、欧洲鲽Pleuronectes platessa、真鲷Pagrus major、鲤形目的斑马鱼Brachydanio rerio 相应氨基酸序列同源性较高,CYP1A和GSTA与非洲爪蟾(两栖类)、鸡(鸟类)、小鼠、大鼠和人(哺乳类)相应氨基酸序列同源性低,这可能与鱼类I、II时相去毒酶基因承担水环境毒素去毒代谢的特殊功能有关;而HSP70、ATP1A和β-肌动蛋白在鱼类、两栖类、鸟类、哺乳类中均有较高的同源性,这可能与这些基因在机体中承担的最基本的生命功能相关。应用半定量RT-PCR的方法,以β-肌动蛋白作为外参照,在指数期增长范围内分别得到了CYP1A、GSTA、GSTR、HSP70和ATP1A1 mRNA与β-肌动蛋白mRNA (%)的比值,确定黄斑篮子鱼肝脏去毒相关基因的组成型表达水平。其中,黄斑篮子鱼肝脏CYP1A、GSTA和GSTR基因组成型表达相对较高,HSP70和ATP1A1基因组成型表达相对较低,这可能与不同基因在黄斑篮子鱼海洋藻毒素去毒分子机理中承担的作用相关,为海洋藻毒素在海洋鱼类中的积聚及代谢去毒分子机制的研究提供了相关数据。     

温度骤降对大黄鱼Larimichthys crocea鱼卵与仔鱼的影响

滨海电厂温排水停止排放以及季节更替、寒潮来袭等现象会引起海水温度降低,从而对鱼类等变温生物产生冷冲击效应。本研究通过模拟水温骤降情形,以孵化率、死亡率、畸形率等为指标,探讨了温度骤降对大黄鱼早期发育阶段(鱼卵和仔鱼)的冷冲击作用。研究发现,大黄鱼仔鱼(3日龄)对温度骤降的敏感性略高于鱼卵。在大黄鱼鱼卵和仔鱼的适温范围内,当水温由22 ℃骤降至19 ℃或16 ℃时,鱼卵的孵化率和死亡率无明显变化,而胚胎发育和仔鱼的生长发育均减缓,仔鱼的死亡率提高;水温超出适温范围,由22 ℃骤降至13 ℃或10 ℃时,对鱼卵和仔鱼造成致命的冷冲击伤害,48 h累积死亡率分别为84.6%~100%和72.1%~98.2%。由此推测:当水温骤降超出适温范围后,大黄鱼的早期发育阶段遭受致命的冷冲击伤害,从而影响种群补充和年龄结构。     

Triploidy induction with heat shocks toPenaeus chinensis and their effects on gonad development

Heat shocks effectively produced triploids inPenaeus chinensis. Fertilized eggs heat shocked (28–32°C) for 8 to 16 minutes, starting from 8 to 20 minutes after spawning, resulted in triploidy induction rates of 39%–75%. Several triploid populations were cultured to 10 cm. In a triploid population, two kinds of ovaries were observed. Histological examination showed apparent differences between these two kinds of ovaries, whereas among male shrimp, there were no such differences. Contribution No. 3465 from the Institute of Oceanology. Chinese Academy of Sciences. The study was supported by the International Foundation for Science, Asian Fisheries Society and Chinese Climbing Project PDB 6–2, and Chinese National 863 Project (No. 863-819-01-05).     

Statistical estimation of a shock center: Slate Islands astrobleme

Statistical models are proposed for the distribution of directions in three dimensions that are thought to point toward a single source. These models are based on the Fisher distribution. The method of maximum likelihood is used to obtain an estimate of position of the source and to provide corre-sponding confidence regions. When applied to shatter cone data from the Slate Islands, northern Lake Superior, the method yields estimates comparable with those obtained by Stesky and Halls (1982), as well as statistically valid confidence regions.     

人工引发雷电试验及其特征的初步分析

1989年夏季，我们在甘肃永登黑林子地区进行了用拖带接地金属细丝的火箭引发雷电的试验，获得了3次成功。本文分析了这3次引发雷电的放电特征。结果表明，放电是在雷暴云下部正电荷的作用下上行负流光的激发和传播过程，雷电人工引发时的地面电场为6－8kV/m。由一简单物理模式粗略地定量估算出了放电参数：中和电荷量约为12－5．3C,电荷 中心离地高度1．3－2．5km，和甘肃地区雷暴云下部正电荷中心高度范围一致。     

行星际空间慢激波的演化

日心距离０．３ＡＵ以内形成的磁流体慢激波在向行星际空间传播过程中，通过向上游发出快压缩波而不断减弱．所发出的快压缩波经非线性变陡转化为快激波，形成由原慢激波和新生快激波构成的激波系统．强度不断减弱的慢激波将逐渐演变为准切向间断．这可能是在１ＡＵ附近很少观测到慢激波的重要原因．     

激波在磁盔－电流片位场中的传播：（Ⅰ）激波与磁盔间的相互作用

利用新近获得的子午面磁盔－电流片背景太阳风稳态解，对激波从盔底沿电流片方向往外传播时与磁盔间的相互作用进行了数值模拟研究，重要新结果是：１．磁盔的存在使受扰介质速度跃变中央出现下凹，随着激波传出磁盔区并沿电流片方向传播，速度下凹逐渐减弱以致消失；２．激波将磁盔拉长并把盔顶的环形（垂直赤道面）磁场带到行星际空间，成为行星际磁场南向分量的来源之一；３．５个太阳半径（Ｒ⊙）内的磁盔部分将出现精细结构，沿盔外边界形成两条高速带，以及马蹄形密度（亮）环形结构等．这些结果表明，太阳附近高速等离子体与磁盔间存在重要的动力学相互作用过程，对行星际空间的太阳风三维结构有重要影响．     

Analysis of ventilation shock losses by finite element method

Summary This paper presents an analysis of ventilation shock losses using the two-dimensional finite element method. It outlines the finite element formulation, in which the ventilation air flow is assumed to be a steady-state, viscous, incompressible and fully developed turbulent flow. In addition, the modified version of Van Driest model is assumed for the effective kinematic viscosity.The shock losses were estimated for the case simulating the airway configuration for (a) split, (b) junction and (c) gradual contraction. The results are compared and discussed with the shock loss data available in the ventilation literature. To estimate the shock losses, the flow solution in terms of pressure was first obtained for each airway configuration using the finite element method. The solution was then compared with that of a straight airway for estimating the difference in the head losses.