A unified picture for the γ-ray and prompt optical emissions of GRB 990123

The prompt optical emission of GRB 990123 was uncorrelated to the γ-ray light curve and exhibited temporal properties similar to those of the steeply decaying, early X-ray emission observed by Swift at the end of many bursts. These facts suggest that the optical counterpart of GRB 990123 was the large-angle emission released during (the second pulse of) the burst. If the optical and γ-ray emissions of GRB 990123 have, indeed, the same origin then their properties require that (i) the optical counterpart was synchrotron emission and γ-rays arose from inverse-Compton scatterings (the 'synchrotron self-Compton model'), (ii) the peak energy of the optical-synchrotron component was at ∼20 eV and (iii) the burst emission was produced by a relativistic outflow moving at Lorentz factor  ≳450  and at a radius  ≳10¹⁵  cm, which is comparable to the outflow deceleration radius. Because the spectrum of GRB 990123 was optically thin above 2 keV, the magnetic field behind the shock must have decayed on a length-scale of  ≲1  per cent  of the thickness of the shocked gas, which corresponds to  10⁶–10⁷  plasma skin depths. Consistency of the optical counterpart decay rate and its spectral slope (or that of the burst, if they represent different spectral components) with the expectations for the large-angle burst emission represents the most direct test of the unifying picture proposed here for GRB 990123.     

激波在磁盔－电流片位场中的传播：（Ⅰ）激波与磁盔间的相互作用

利用新近获得的子午面磁盔－电流片背景太阳风稳态解，对激波从盔底沿电流片方向往外传播时与磁盔间的相互作用进行了数值模拟研究，重要新结果是：１．磁盔的存在使受扰介质速度跃变中央出现下凹，随着激波传出磁盔区并沿电流片方向传播，速度下凹逐渐减弱以致消失；２．激波将磁盔拉长并把盔顶的环形（垂直赤道面）磁场带到行星际空间，成为行星际磁场南向分量的来源之一；３．５个太阳半径（Ｒ⊙）内的磁盔部分将出现精细结构，沿盔外边界形成两条高速带，以及马蹄形密度（亮）环形结构等．这些结果表明，太阳附近高速等离子体与磁盔间存在重要的动力学相互作用过程，对行星际空间的太阳风三维结构有重要影响．     

上海地区地磁转换函数变化及其与近震的关系

计算分析了上海地区佘山台１９７７年１月－１９８６年１２月和崇明台１９８３年１月－１９８９年９月的地磁周期Ｔ＝９－２００ｍｉｎ的复转换函数Ａ的模│Ａ│，总方差σｚ和帕金森林矢量或韦氏矢量，并将其在上海地区９０－３００ＫＭ范围内４次５－６级近震发生时的烨变化进行了研究。结果表明周期为１５、２０和３５ｍｉｎ的│Ａ│和σｚ值在震前明显异常，帕金森矢量或韦氏矢量在震前指向震中，震后回到正常位置，在此基础上，     

由飞船观测数据求解激波关系

由Rankine-Hugoniot关系出发,导出一确定激波上、下游激波角θ_1和θ_2的方程组,该方程组系数完全由飞船观测数据确定,且不必借助磁场矢量方位角的测量.利用这一方法计算了1977-1980年由VOYAGER Ⅰ观测到的行星际快激波的激波角,并与由磁场共面性确定的激波角进行了比较.结果表明,在满足激波间断关系的前提下,用本文方法确定的上、下游激波角比用磁场共面性方法确定的激波角更为精确.     

巷道“封闭式”冲击的尖点突变模型

建立了硬脆性岩巷发生“封闭式”冲击地压的突变模型；给出了冲击发生的临界条件；估算了冲击发生时，岩体释放的地震能。模型能以直观的几何形式描述巷道的缓慢破坏过程和冲击破坏过程。文中的某些处理方法可用于地下工程中环形支架或带底拱支架的稳定性分析中去     

新疆及边邻地区强震活动轮回的时空分布特征及未来强震活动趋势的估计

应用新疆及边邻地区６级以上强震资料，详细讨论了本区内自１８８２年开始的地震活动期中各强震活动阶段的情况、不同地震活动轮回中不同地震带强震活动的差异、主体活动带及其变化倾向、轮回的持续时间、相互之间的关系及各地震带的相关性。同时探讨了轮回中强震活动时段的起止标志、强震的空间分布和地区分布特点，并对各地震带地震活动情况及未来若干年内的发展趋向做了初步分析。     

Effects of boundary conditions and viscous energy dissipation on carbon burning in thermonuclear supernova models

Based on a one-dimensional hydrodynamic model, we investigate carbon burning in a thermonuclear type-Ia supernova in the approximation of unsteady convection. The relatively broad range of convective parameters, 1×10^?3≤α_c≤2×10^?3, in which delayed detonation from the edge takes place was found to be preserved only for cases with a low boundary temperature at the presupernova stage, T _b ^(PS) = 6.4 × 10⁶ K, and with a high envelope mass, m_ex ? 2 × 10^?3M_⊙. In cases with a more realistic temperature, T _b ^(PS) = 2 × 10⁸ K, which corresponds to helium burning in the shell source, and with a lower mass m_ex, delayed detonation from the edge takes place only at α_c = 2 × 10^?3, while at α_c = 1 × 10^?3, numerous model pulsations occur during t?500 s. Artificial viscosity is shown to give a determining contribution to the increase in entropy in outer model shells, which is caused by the generation of weak shock waves during pulsations. We also show that the entropies calculated by two independent methods are equal.     

GPS时间序列与强震预测研究

应用经验正交函数(EOF)分析方法，对中国大陆连续观测的基准站水平位移时间序列进行分析。通过对1999年3月份以来GPS1000周至1258周的原始时间序列的EOF分析、时间序列中除去长期位移速率后的EOF分析、及强震前半年时间段内的时间序列的EOF分析，研究强震前中国大陆水平位移场的时空演化特征及与强震发生的关系。     

地震学在减轻矿山地质灾害中的应用进展

综述了煤矿安全对于地球物理应用的需求,以及近年来地震学在煤矿减轻地质灾害的应用进展,特别是微震监测分析在若干典型煤矿应用得到的初步成果。这些成果不但对于煤矿安全具有重要意义,而且对于认识构造地震成因和验证预测方法,也具有中尺度试验意义。