行星际中间激波

在行星际空间可能存在由各类激波连接而成的混合激波,其组成部分的连接方式和时间演化遵循“慢激波—导灭激波—中间激波—导生激波—快激波”链式规则.中间激波将作为混合激波的必要组成部分,出现在日球电流片的附近,其阵面凹向太阳.上述结论已初步为观测证实,并对行星际激波的三维特性有着重要影响.     

激波在磁盔－电流片位场中的传播：（Ⅰ）激波与磁盔间的相互作用

利用新近获得的子午面磁盔－电流片背景太阳风稳态解,对激波从盔底沿电流片方向往外传播时与磁盔间的相互作用进行了数值模拟研究,重要新结果是：１．磁盔的存在使受扰介质速度跃变中央出现下凹,随着激波传出磁盔区并沿电流片方向传播,速度下凹逐渐减弱以致消失;２．激波将磁盔拉长并把盔顶的环形（垂直赤道面）磁场带到行星际空间,成为行星际磁场南向分量的来源之一;３．５个太阳半径（Ｒ⊙）内的磁盔部分将出现精细结构,沿盔外边界形成两条高速带,以及马蹄形密度（亮）环形结构等．这些结果表明,太阳附近高速等离子体与磁盔间存在重要的动力学相互作用过程,对行星际空间的太阳风三维结构有重要影响．     

Numerical modelling of heat shock-assisted rock fracture

This paper presents a numerical investigation on the effects of thermal shock as a pretreatment of rock prior to comminution. More specifically, the effect of heat shock-induced cracks on the uniaxial compressive strength of rock is numerically studied. The chosen constitutive model of rock employs a (strong) embedded discontinuity finite element formulation to describe cracks. The thermomechanical problem that governs the heat shock pretreatment of rocks is considered as an uncoupled problem because of a highly dominating role of the external heat influx. Two solution methods of the global problem are presented: an explicit-explicit dynamic scheme and an implicit-implicit quasi-static scheme. The model performance is tested in simulations on heterogeneous numerical rock samples subjected first to a heat shock pretreatment and then to a mechanical compression test. According to the results, the compressive strength of intact granite rock having the axial splitting failure mode can be substantially reduced by heat shock pretreatment.     

Tjörnes fracture zone. New and old seismic evidences for the link between the North Iceland rift zone and the Mid-Atlantic ridge

The Tjörnes facture zone (TFZ) connects the EW extension of the Mid-Atlantic ridge north of Iceland to the extension of the North volcanic zone (NVZ) of Iceland. Earthquakes up to magnitude 7 (Ms) can occur in TFZ, volcanic eruptions have been observed and large crustal deformations are expected in similar way as have been observed in the NVZ. Most of the zone is below ocean, which limits the historical information and geological observations. For studying the dynamics of the zone we must rely on interpretation and modelling based on seismic observations, especially on microearthquake observations for the last 10 years. In this paper we demonstrate how microearthquakes can be applied to map the details of the plate boundary, and how this information can be applied to find epicenters and fault planes of large historical earthquakes, also how seismic information can be applied in dynamic modelling and to infer spatial and temporal interplay in activity, and to enhance hazard assessment.     

基于震荡序列的灰色预测模型在边坡沉降监测中的应用

公路边坡由于施工的影响,监测点时升时降,累计沉降量是震荡序列。本文采用三种模型对累计沉降量进行预测。结果表明GM(1,1)和DGM(1,1)预测曲线并不能反映实测值曲线走势,预测值与实测值的偏离程度较大,预测精度较低。SDGM(1,1)模型无论在与实测值曲线走势、与实测值接近程度还是在残差平方和或者平均相对误差上精度要高于其他两种模型,在P,C值上,SDGM(1,1)模型实现"级"的跳跃,是一个非常理想的预测模型。     

气体地球化学方法在震后趋势判断中的应用

初步讨论了气体地球化学方法在顺义4.5级地震震后趋势判断中的应用。研究表明，震中区土壤Hg释放量快速衰减；延庆龙庆峡水库翻花冒气异常释放的主要气体CH4来源于生物成因，而非地震前兆异常。据此认为顺义地震之后，首都圈构造活动水平没有增强的趋势，并于1996年12月27日提出未来15天内首都圈发生Ms≥5.0地震的可能性很小的预测意见。     

白山市三岔子区大安屯ML4.7级地震发震构造背景及地倾斜异常特征

给出了１９９４年１月２５日在吉林省白山市三岔子区大安屯地震的基本参数，烈度分布与震害，分析发震的地质构造背景，总结发震前的地倾斜异常特征。     

Dynamic stress variations due to shear faults in a plane-layered medium

A complete set of expressions is presented for the computation of elastic dynamic stress in plane-layered media. We use a discrete-wavenumber reflectivity method to compute the stress field radiated by arbitrary moment-tensor sources. The expressions derived here represent an interesting tool for both-the observational and theoretical analysis of dynamic stress changes associated with earthquake phenomena. Dynamic stress changes associated with a strike-slip fault having unilateral rupture are shown. This modelling, which is similar to the 1992 Landers California earthquake, illustrates the effects of distance, directivity and depth on transient stress changes.     

The experimental study of parameters of rocks under ultrahigh-pressure state

The parameters of rocks in ultrahigh-presure state are very important to understanding the geodynamics and explosion engineering of rocks. In these experiments the plane wave dynamite lenses were used to drive the flying plates. The flying plate hits the target and produces the ultrahigh-pressure shock wave. The propagation velocity and the particle velocity of shock wave in rock samples were measured by probes, and the relation between density of rocks and pressure was obtained by Rankine-Hugoniot formulas. The maximum pressure in experiments was higher than 70 GPa. The ultrahigh-pressure state formulas obtained are: Limestoneρ=3.22+0.016p; Graniteρ=3.20+0.024p. In which the unit for ρ is g/cm³, the unit forp is GPa. The Chinese version of this paper appeared in the Chinese edition ofActa Seismologica Sinica,13, 96–103, 1991.     

云南地区未来强震的概率预测

本文将云南地区分为三个地震预报区,利用马尔科夫齐次模型,分别计算了其未来5年和10年时间内可能发生M≥6.0、M≥6.5和M≥7.0级地震的概率。