基于能量平衡的跨海桥梁钢管桩局部冲深计算

综合国内外现有研究成果,分析了桩周流场结构及局部冲刷坑的分布形态,通过三维数值模拟,验证了局部冲刷最大值点出现在桩前,且冲坑坡度近似等于泥沙水下休止角的结论。从国内外规范内局部冲深计算公式中筛选出跨海桥梁钢管桩局部冲刷深度的主要影响因素。基于能量平衡理论,通过来流水流搬运冲刷坑内泥沙过程中的能量守恒,推导了概念清晰、形式简单的局部冲刷深度预测公式。区别于现有多数公式主体结构,该公式为关于局部冲深的一元三次方程,通过水下泥沙休止角来考虑泥沙对冲刷的影响以及冲刷过程中冲刷坑自身深度及范围变化对冲刷产生的影响。利用最小二乘法,结合环杭州湾区域三座跨海大桥的试验及实测数据拟合确定了公式相关参数,并与国内外规范内的公式对比验证,结果表明,该公式精度较高,可为实际工程计算分析提供参考。     

Experimental study on the cyclic behavior of loose calcareous sand under linear stress paths

Abstract

Hollow cylinder torsional shear tests on loose isotropically and anisotropically consolidated calcareous sand were conducted to investigate the cyclic behavior under three different linear stress paths, including horizontal line, oblique line, and vertical line stress paths, in a coordinate system of the normal stress difference and the horizontal shear stress. The dominant strain components of the isotropically consolidated specimens are affected by the stress paths. With increasing consolidation stress ratio, axial strain gradually becomes the dominant strain component under the three different stress paths. The cyclic strength of the isotropically consolidated specimens under the three different stress paths are almost the same, while for the anisotropically consolidated specimens, the cyclic strengths are strongly affected by the stress paths. These results indicate that conventional cyclic triaxial tests may overestimate cyclic strength in some cases. Irrespective of the stress paths and cyclic stress ratios, the terminal residual excess pore pressure ratio decreases with increasing consolidation stress ratio. Moreover, an empirical equation is proposed to describe the relationship between the normalized shear work and the normalized residual excess pore pressure ratio. The comparative study reveals that the relationship proposed for silica sand is not suitable for the dynamic analyses of calcareous sand.     

A method analyzing deformation of anchor foundations in soft clay under static and cyclic loads

The paper presents a constitutive model to describe undrained cyclic stress-strain responses of soft clays based on the equivalent visco-elastic and creep theories. The hysteretic and nonlinear stress-strain responses of soft clays are described using the equivalent visco-elastic relationship and variations of the cyclic modulus and the damping ratio with the octahedral shear strain, respectively in the model. The cyclic accumulative strain is described using the Mises creeping potential function and the associated flow rule. The method determining the model parameters is given by static and cyclic triaxial tests. The finite element method to analyze deformation of anchor foundation in soft clay under static and cyclic loads is developed based on the model. For the method, a cyclic loading time history is divided into a series of incremental loading sub-processes which include one load cycle at least. The cyclic stress-strain responses of soil elements at any time are not tracked in detail and determined by the equivalent visco-elastic calculations for every loading sub-process. The accumulative deformation of anchor foundations is calculated using the initial strain algorithm. The method has been implemented in ABAQUS Software by developing interface programs. Model tests of the suction anchors are conducted and predicted using the method. Comparisons of predicted and model test results show that the method can be used to evaluate cyclic stability and reveal the failure process and mechanism of anchor foundations by analyzing deformation time-histories.     

台风对海上风电单桩基础累积变形影响试验研究

文中主要采用小比尺模型试验,研究了台风对海上风电单桩基础累积变形的影响。通过在模型槽中进行桩的水平静力和循环加载试验,得到了不同工况下桩的累积转角与循环加载次数之间的关系曲线。随后对曲线进行分析,拟合出无台风工况下累积转角的计算公式,然后运用叠加法,得出了有台风工况下累积转角的计算公式。试验结果表明,单独作用一种循环荷载时,桩的累积转角是循环次数的幂函数。台风引起的大幅值循环荷载会导致转角的陡升,且增加幅度与小幅值循环荷载的幅值负相关。当将台风荷载设置在加载过程的开头时,对于疲劳设计工况,台风荷载产生的累积转角占总的累积转角的99%以上,因而可以忽略小幅值循环荷载产生的累积转角,直接用台风荷载产生的累积转角代表桩的长期累积转角,实现简化设计。     

Load–Deflection response of transversely isotropic piles under lateral loads

In general, pile materials are assumed to be isotropic during the analysis of the load–deflection response of piles under lateral loads. However, commonly used materials such as reinforced concrete and timber as well as potentially promising new pile materials such as fiber reinforced polymers are typically transversely isotropic materials. Experimental studies have shown that transversely isotropic materials have a high ratio of section longitudinal modulus to the section in‐plane shear modulus (E_zz/G_xz) compared to the value for isotropic materials. The high modulus ratio leads to a more significant shear deformation effect in beam bending. To account for the shear deformation effect, the Timoshenko Beam Theory has been adopted in deriving the solutions for the load–deflection response of transversely isotropic piles under lateral loads instead of the Classical (Euler–Bernoulli) Beam Theory. The load–deflection responses depend on the shear effect coefficient, the lateral soil resistance, the embedment ratio, and the boundary conditions. The deflection of the pile, if the shear deformation effect is considered, is always larger than if it is neglected. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

非等长双排桩在武汉地区基坑工程中的应用

以武汉仁恒公园世纪深基坑支护项目为研究背景,通过设置前长后短非等长双排桩进行基坑支护,并利用天汉设计软件对该项目的某一个支护段进行设计计算分析。结果表明：该支护段的前后排桩的最大位移为37.9 mm,在地面以下1.0 m处（即桩顶）,被动区弹性抗力安全系数为3.90。而本项目基坑预警控制指标为支护结构水平位移≤40 mm,能够满足设计监测要求,为以后非等长双排桩在基坑中的应用提供参考借鉴。     

超深超大深基坑逆作法施工关键技术

武汉南国中心一期基坑支护工程采用逆作法施工,周边环境复杂,场区内砂层较厚,基坑设计技术要求高,特别是支护结构地下连续墙、立柱桩垂直度要求高、嵌岩深,施工时在软硬互层部位容易产生偏斜,入岩效率低。针对工程施工重难点,从设备选型、工艺选择、钻头选用等方面采取措施,解决逆作法超深超大基坑支护结构施工中的困难问题,介绍了解决问题的思路,取得了显著的效果,施工质量满足相关技术要求。     

疏堵结合堵漏技术在基坑渗漏处理中的应用

以温州市江滨商务区桃花岛片区T05—18地块项目基坑堵漏为例,详细论述了该基坑出现渗漏的原因,并采用疏堵结合堵漏技术对该基坑进行堵漏。用导流管对漏水口进行疏水,可缓解漏水口及周围部分区域土层中的水压力,提高堵漏的成功率;再通过双液注浆的方式,截断基坑中部分水流路径,从而减小漏水口的水流量,同时对基坑起到加固作用。结果表明,疏堵结合堵漏技术在应用中具有快捷、精准、有效等特点,该基坑内57处漏水口均得到有效处理。     

微型钢管桩在基坑支护中的应用

随着经济社会的快速发展,微型钢管桩作为一种支护结构在深基坑支护施工中的应用越来越多。本文根据微型钢管桩的施工工艺以及工程实践,总结了微型钢管桩应用于基坑支护工程的主要特点,结合工程应用实例分析了微型钢管桩在基坑支护工程中的作用及效果,表明在基坑周边环境条件受限和抢险加固等基坑支护工程中能充分发挥微型钢管桩的优点,具有显著的经济效益和社会效益     

基于改进Terzarghi方法的桩网地基桩土应力计算

桩土应力比是桩网复合地基承载力和沉降计算的重要参数,其与地基的固结沉降相关,具有明显的时变特性。已有基于Terzarghi土拱模型的松动土压力计算理论是在滑动面土体均达到极限状态的假定上讨论的,不适用于桩网地基小变形条件下桩土应力的计算。为此,在Terzarghi模型的基础上,相对位移面摩阻力传递函数采用等刚度理想弹塑性模型,结合土体单元的平衡方程与变形协调方程,导出了桩土应力及土拱高度理论解,系统分析了桩土应力及拉膜效应随各设计参数的定量变化规律。分析结果表明,改进方法与现有土拱效应模型相比适用性较好,随着桩土差异沉降增加,土拱高度和桩土应力比逐渐增大,土拱率呈双曲线形减小,同时拉膜效应逐渐发挥。增加填筑荷载对土拱效应有显著削弱作用,桩土应力比随桩距增大而减小,随黏聚力增大而增大。结合改进方法与已有现场实测数据,分析了桩土应力的时变特性,验证了该方法的合理性,可为桩网地基桩土应力计算提供参考。