弹性各向同性介质一次散射波场高斯束Born正演

本文提出了一种弹性波一次散射波场的正演方法——弹性波高斯束Born正演.该方法以线性散射理论为基础,通过Born近似建立起地下散射点处不同波型的反射率同弹性波主分量波场之间的数据映射关系,利用高斯束所包含的走时、振幅和极性信息进行不同波型的局部平面波的合成,进而通过逆倾斜叠加将所合成的局部平面波转化为时空域的多分量地震记录.该方法不但保持了射线类方法高效的优点,还具备了处理多次走时波场的能力,从而保证了复杂构造的波场模拟的精度.文中两个数值模型的应用效果表明,本文所提出的弹性波高斯束Born正演算法具有近似于波动方程有限差分法的波场模拟精度以及高得多的计算效率.     

IDENTIFICATION OF PALEO-EARTHQUAKES OF LUOYUNSHAN PIEDMONT FAULT BY QUANTITATIVE MORPHOLOGY OF LIMESTONE FAULT SURFACES

The quantitative analysis of morphologic characteristics of bedrock fault surface is a useful approach to study faulting history and identify paleo-earthquake. It is an effective complement to trenching technique, specially to identifying paleo-earthquakes in a bedrock area where the trenching technique cannot be applied. This paper focuses on the Luoyunshan piedmont fault, which is an active normal fault extending along the eastern boundary of the Shanxi Graben, China. There are a lot of fault scarps along the fault zone, which supply plentiful samples to be selected to our research, that is, to study faulting history and identify paleo-earthquakes in bedrock area by the quantitative analysis of morphologic characteristics of fault surfaces. In this paper, we calculate the 2D fractal dimension of two bedrock fault surfaces on the Luoyunshan piedmont fault in the Shanxi Graben, China using the isotropic empirical variance function, which is a popular method in fractal geometry. Results indicate that the fractal dimension varies systematically with height above the base of the fault surface exposures, indicating segmentation of the fault surface morphology. The 2D fractal dimension on a fault surface shows a ‘stair-like’ vertical segmentation, which is consistent with the weathering band and suggests that those fault surfaces are outcropped due to periodic faulting earthquakes. However, compared to the results of gneiss obtained by the former researchers, the characteristic fractal value of limestone shows an opposite evolution trend. 1)The paleo-earthquake study of the bedrock fault surface can be used as a supplementary method to study the activity history of faults in specific geomorphological regions. It can be used to fill the gaps in the exploration of the paleo-earthquake method in the bedrock area, and then broaden the study of active faults in space and scope. The quantitative analysis of bedrock fault surface morphology is an effective method to study faulting history and identify paleo-earthquake. The quantitative feature analysis method of the bedrock fault surface is a cost-effective method for the study of paleo-earthquakes in the bedrock fault surface. The number of weathered bands and band height can be identified by the segment number and segment height of the characteristic fractal dimension, and then the paleoearthquake events and the co-seismic displacement can be determined; 2)The exposure of the fault surface of the Luoyunshan bedrock is affected and controlled by both fault activity and erosion. A strong fault activity(ruptured earthquake)forms a segment of fault surface which is equivalent to the vertical co-seismic displacement of the earthquake. After the segment is cropped out, it suffers from the same effect of weathering and erosion, and thus this segment has approximately the same fractal dimension. Multiple severe fault activities(ruptured earthquake)form multiple fault surface topography. The long-term erosion under weak hydrodynamic conditions at the base of the fault cliff between two adjacent fault activities(intermittent period)will form a gradual slow-connect region where the fractal dimension gradually changes with the height of the fault surface. Based on the segmentation of quantitative morphology of the two fault surfaces on the Luoyunshan piedmont fault, we identified four earthquake events. Two sets of co-seismic displacement of about 3m and 1m on the fault are obtained; 3)The relationship between the fault surface morphology parameters and the time is described as follows:The fractal dimension of the limestone area decreases with the increase of the exposure time, which reflects the gradual smoothing characteristics after exposed. The phenomenon is opposite to the evolution of the geological features of gneiss faults acquired by the predecessors on the Huoshan piedmont fault; 4)Lithology plays an important role in morphology evolution of fault surface and the two opposite evolution trends of the characteristic fractal value on limestone and gneiss show that the weathering mechanism of limestone is different from that of the gneiss.     

Extension of tube wave detection for quality evaluation of pile foundation

Based on the theory of tube wave propagation in a fluid-filled borehole, this paper proposes a new method for detecting the integrity of pile foundation and overcomes some limitations of the existing pile integrity tests. The basic principle of detecting the pile integrity by the tube wave, testing equipment and concrete quality evaluation of piles are introduced. The feasibility of the tube wave detection for geological exploration of a bridge pile in a karst development area is verified by field tests. Through some test cases of prestressed high strength concrete pipe piles, cast-in-place piles and rock-socketed piles with defects, the accuracy of the tube wave detection and other methods is compared. Then, some issues of the application of the tube wave for detecting pile defects are discussed. Finally, the content of this paper is summarized, and some suggestions on further research are put forward.     

农居结构隔震技术研究现状

从地基隔震、基础隔震和混合隔震三类隔震技术3个方面分别阐述了农居结构隔震技术的国内外研究现状。重点介绍了常用的摩擦滑移隔震技术以及隔震滑移位移问题;针对农居工程建设的现状,提出了几个亟待解决或需进一步研究完善的问题。可为从事该研究和设计工作的相关人员提供一定的参考。     

横向同性地层中井间电磁响应的三维频域耦合势正演模拟研究

本文针对电导率横向同性地层中三轴发射-接收线圈系的井间电磁响应,开展三维正演算法及模拟研究.首先将发射线圈简化为三轴正交磁偶极子源.为克服低频电磁产生的数值迭代收敛缓慢问题,利用低感应数预处理方法将频域Maxwell方程组转化为基于矢势与标势的Helmholtz方程.采用非等间距的Yee氏交错网格、电导率的体积加权平均技术以及积分形式的有限差分格式实现对控制方程的离散化.借助于不完全LU分解预处理的稳定双共轭梯度法计算井间电磁响应的数值解,并通过与有限元软件COMSOL的数值结果对比验证本文模型与算法的有效性.数值计算结果表明：在横向同性地层的垂直井模型中,测井响应横向分量xx和yy能反映出地层电导率各向异性信息,但横向探测能力较差.轴向分量zz虽只反映地层水平电阻率信息,但具有较好的横向探测能力,且对地层中异常体非常敏感,而交叉分量xz、zx则具备较强的层边界识别能力.     

农居工程地基砂垫层隔震体系性能试验研究

砂垫层具有取材方便、造价低、施工简便的特点,为了更好地在农居工程建设中推广应用地基砂垫层隔震技术,通过制作农村房屋结构模型,进行地基砂垫层隔震体系与无隔震体系的大型振动台试验,研究了地基砂垫层隔震体系的隔震性能。基于结构加速度反应、结构位移反应和结构应变反应三个方面,对比分析无隔震试验和地基砂垫层隔震试验的结果,研究地基砂垫层隔震体系的隔震性能。结果表明:地基砂垫层隔震体系能够有效地减小上部结构的地震加速度反应、层间位移反应和应变反应,具有良好的隔震效果;输入地震动的量级是影响地基砂垫层隔震体系隔震效果的一个重要因素。     

太和殿基座对上部结构抗震性能影响分析

故宫太和殿是中国古建筑的典型代表,其基座由台基和高台组成。为有效保护古建筑,采用数值模拟方法,以故宫太和殿为例,研究古建基座对上部结构抗震性能影响。基于太和殿基座、浮搁柱底、榫卯连接、斗拱等构造特征,建立两种有限元模型:不考虑基座/考虑基座。通过模态分析,研究基座对太和殿上部结构自振特性的影响;通过Ⅷ度常遇地震作用下的谱分析,研究基座对太和殿上部结构内力、变形分布及峰值的影响;通过Ⅷ度罕遇地震作用下的时程响应分析,研究基座对太和殿上部结构加速度和位移响应的影响。结果表明:考虑基座后,太和殿结构基频减小,主振型参与系数增大;Ⅷ度常遇地震作用下,太和殿结构木构架的变形及主应力峰值略有放大,墙体所受内力减小;Ⅷ度罕遇地震作用下,太和殿典型部位的木构架加速度、位移响应有不同程度放大。因此基座对太和殿上部结构动力放大作用不可忽略。     

桩筏基础振动台试验设计及数值模拟研究

为了研究某核电工程桩筏基础抗震性能,设计缩尺筏基振动台实验。试验模型使用ABAQUS软件进行数值模拟以验证试验设计方案的可行性。依托该实际工程,实验缩尺比例为1/200。地震波选用国内外核电厂结构相关技术文件和规范规定,采用R.G1.60标准反应谱拟合的人工波进行输入计算。结果表明:桩间土输出加速度越往模型上部越大;桩顶部位移比桩低部大;筏板加速度与位移均小于桩体。分析成果可为振动台试验的改进提供指导并为实际工程设计提供参考。     

复合地基与天然地基在地震作用下附加沉降的数值分析

通过大型通用有限元程序ANSYS建立模型,研究了复合地基和天然地基在地震作用下的附加沉降,计算结果表明,采用复合地基技术,对减少附加沉降有很好的效果。同时对群桩复合地基不同桩位特点进行分析,表明群桩复合地基中桩附加沉降大于边、角桩。提出了附加沉降系数的概念及计算公式,可对复合地基的设计提供技术支持。     

青岛港液体化工码头区软基处理方法的对比分析研究

使用层次分析法,对青岛港港池浚深挖泥吹填形成的液体化工码头的软基处理方法进行优选。结合土质特点等因素,分区进行不同工艺的分析,建议真空预压法和强夯法进行地基处理。两种方法的地基处理资料对比表明,真空预压法为首选处理工艺。