五河县大巩山地区褶皱构造浅析

大巩山西蝈堆组蚌埠期褶皱可利用含白云质大理岩透镜体的蛇纹岩作为标志层来恢复,推测其为轴面倒向北的紧密同斜褶皱,S0近南北向,枢纽西倾,地层由东向西变新。     

Structural Evolution of the Eastern Qiulitagh Fold and Thrust Belt,Northern Tarim Basin,China

The eastern Qiulitagh fold and thrust belt (EQFTB) is part of the active Kuqa fold and thrust belts of the northern Tarim Basin. Seismic reflection profiles have been integrated with surface geologic and drill data to examine the deformation and structure style of the EQFTB, particularly the deformational history of the Dina 2 gas field. Seismic interpretations suggest that Dongqiu 8 is overall a duplex structure developed beneath a passive roof thrust, which generated from a tipline in the Miocene Jidike Formation, and the sole thrust was initiated from the same Jidike Formation evaporite zone that extends westward beneath the Kuqatawu anticline. Dongqiu 5 is a pop-up structure at the western part of the EQFTB, also developed beneath the Jidike Formation evaporite. Very gentle basement dip and steep dipping topographic slope in the EQFTB suggest that the Jidike Formation salt provides effective decoupling. The strong deformation in the EQFTB appears to have developed further south, in an area where evaporite may be lacking. Since the Pliocene, the EQFTB has moved farther south over the evaporite and reached the Yaken area. Restoring a balanced cross-section suggests that the minimum shortening across the EQFTB is more than 7800 m. Assuming that this shortening occurred during the 5.3 Ma timespan, the shortening rate is approximately 1.47 mm/year.     

纵横波独立成像的弹性波逆时偏移方法

本文采用逆时递推,在空间域完成纵横波分离,同时实现了位移场成像和纵、横波的独立成像。模拟数据与实际资料试算表明,对纵波和横波分别成像不仅有理论意义,而且有明显的应用价值。文中还就偏移速度对成像结果的影响和实际资料的预处理问题进行了讨论。     

新疆构造运动期序及特征

新疆地域辽阔,地质构造运动复杂,特征各异。前人曾对新疆构造运动的划分及命名做了大量工作,但多有不一致,有些构造运动的划分或命名依据不足,因此失去了应有的代表性。现根据实际资料,对新疆地质构造运动重新归纳和认识,提出新疆境内构造运动可划分为11期32幕(次),其中前寒武纪6期、古生代2期17幕(次),中新生代3期9幕(次)     

琼东南盆地北礁凹陷伸展构造的几何学分析

北礁凹陷作为琼东南盆地南部深水区的一个典型半地堑凹陷,层序地层具有明显的膝折变形特征,几何学分析显示出伸展断层转折褶皱模型特点。经过对凹陷内部构造变形的测量和推算,本文确定了北礁凹陷断层转折褶皱的构造几何学特征及其运动学过程,揭示了凹陷主要裂谷阶段的水平伸展量,其总的伸展量可达到12 km,平均伸展速率约为0.44 km/Ma。通过构造几何学方法推测始新世末期该区域海平面上升了约200 m。并运用伸展断层转折褶皱理论,按照平衡剖面原理,正演了北礁凹陷及北礁低隆起的伸展构造发育过程。     

褶皱分形分布的岩石力学机制研究

在褶皱形态的分形分析基础上，利用分形理论和褶皱的岩石力学成因理论推导出了褶皱的分数维（Ｄ）与岩层厚度（ｈ）和粘度（μ）的关系式，即找到了褶皱分形分布的岩石力学成因机制，在相同的构造应力场条件下，岩层的厚度和粘度越小，则越易产生较复杂的褶皱，即褶皱的分数维越大，因此，利用褶皱的分形测量，可以定量了分析褶皱形成的岩石力学性质，这是分形研究从形态研究到机制研究的一种探索。     

内蒙古大青山地区构造新样式初探

内蒙古大青山地区侏罗纪盆地中发育有断层相关褶皱，有十分清晰的断层传播褶皱，断层转折褶皱等构造样式。断层相关褶皱轴向呈东西向展布，形成褶皱的地层是早侏罗世右拐群煤系地层，表明该褶皱至少在煤层形成后，受南北向挤压应力作用形成。研究这一构造样式，对这一地区的推覆构造、盆山耦合研究具有重要地质意义。     

明月峡背斜南部张关—排花洞岩溶水系统地下水径流模式解析

川东明月峡背斜地下岩溶发育的强烈非均质性造就了独特的地下水径流模式,孕育出区域复杂的岩溶工程水文地质问题,查明明月峡背斜南段地下水径流模式对指导区内隧道工程选址及建设具有重要意义。文章在已有研究基础上,以“张关—排花洞”岩溶水系统为研究区,通过系统厘清区内水文地质条件,深入剖析区内地下水水文地球化学特征及水动力条件,明确区内岩溶含水介质不均一性控制下的地下水小尺度径流规律。结果显示：研究区地下水在平面上表现为形似“扫帚状”的径流模式：在补给、径流区,三叠系下统嘉陵江组一段（T₁j¹）、嘉陵江组三段(T₁j³)地层（强岩溶化）与嘉陵江组二段（T₁j²）、嘉陵江组四段 （T₁j⁴）地层（弱岩溶化）呈间互状分布的特点导致相邻地层之间水力联系较弱,以地层为单位形成多个相对独立的岩溶水子系统;在研究区排泄区,受控于势汇最强的T₁j³内部管道流对其他地层地下水持续的袭夺效应,地下水统一汇聚至排花洞暗河出口向御临河排泄,各岩溶水子系统最终整合为一个岩溶水系统。     

龙门山南段邛西断层转折褶皱磁组构及其有限应变

龙门山南段位于四川盆地以西,其新生代构造变形特征对于认识青藏高原东缘的变形机制具有一定的指示意义。磁组构是一种灵敏的应变指示计,在变形微弱的沉积岩地区尤为适用。在龙门山南段邛西断层转折褶皱不同构造部位选取48个采样点开展磁组构研究,分析断层转折褶皱的有限应变特征及区域构造变形机制。实验结果表明,邛西地区上白垩统中主要载磁矿物为高矫顽力的赤铁矿,背斜整体应变较弱,且存在3种类型的磁组构,以沉积磁组构和初始变形磁组构为主,铅笔状磁组构少见,主要存在于靠近褶皱中段的前翼部位,说明断层转折褶皱前翼较后翼和核部应变强,且中段地层应变较其他部位更为强烈。此外,各采样点磁线理的优势方位为近南北向（N10°E）,表明邛西断层转折褶皱的形成与龙门山南段晚新生代近东西向的地壳水平缩短有关,暗示龙门山南段的最大主压应力方向在晚新生代存在转变的可能。     

Displacement transfer from fault-bend to fault-propagation fold geometry: An example from the Himalayan thrust front

The leading edge of the ENE-trending Himalayan thrust front in Pakistan exhibits along-strike changes in deformational style, ranging from fault-bend to fault-propagation folds. Although the structural geometry is very gently deformed throughout the Salt Range, it becomes progressively more complex to the east as the leading edge of the emergent Salt Range Thrust becomes blind. Surface geology, seismic reflection, petroleum well, and chronostratigraphic data are synthesized to produce a 3-D kinematic model that reconciles the contrasting structural geometries along this part of the Himalayan thrust front. We propose a model whereby displacement was transferred, across a newly-identified lateral ramp, from a fault-bend fold in the west to fault-propagation folds in the east and comparable shortening was synchronously accommodated by two fundamentally different mechanisms: translation vs. telescoping. However, substantially different shortening distribution patterns within these structurally contrasting segments require a tear fault, which later is reactivated as a thrust fault. The present geometry of this S-shaped displacement transfer zone is a combined result of the NW–SE compression of the lateral culmination wall and associated tear fault, and their subsequent modification due to mobilization of underlying ductile salt.